{"data":{"id":"daily:geopolitics:2026-11-01","built_at":"2026-11-01T06:31:37.810950+00:00","cross_theater":[],"data_url":"/data/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01.json","date":"2026-11-01","domain":"geopolitics","editions":[{"built_at":"2026-11-01T06:31:37.810950+00:00","cycle":"Europe/Asia","label":"Europe/Asia morning","n":1,"sections":[{"name":"US-China strategic competition over Taiwan","theater_id":"thr_us_china_summit_and_strategic_competition"},{"name":"US-Iran-Houthi confrontation over Hormuz and Red Sea","theater_id":"thr_us_iran_houthi_confrontation_over_hormuz_and_red"},{"name":"Russia-Ukraine war and European security architecture","theater_id":"thr_russia_ukraine_war_and_european_security_archite"},{"name":"Gaza war and West Bank settler violence diplomatic fallout","theater_id":"thr_gaza_war_and_unga_diplomatic_fallout"},{"name":"EU-Canada Association Without Accession","theater_id":"thr_spot_eu_canada_association_without_accession"}],"summary":{"headline":"Hormuz stays shut after four tankers set ablaze as Iran threatens unrestricted retaliation and offers Qatar-mediated reopening while Ukraine's Oleshky truce nears expiry","the_day":["The Strait of Hormuz remained effectively closed Nov 1 after four tankers were set ablaze Oct 30-31 with no new mine-clearance confirmation, as Iran via Qatar offered a two-day reopening tied to sweeping US concessions while Supreme Leader Khamenei ordered planning for immediate geographically unrestricted retaliation including all US-Israeli assets and Washington said one or two targets remain but no strike decision has been made.","The US-brokered Oleshky local truce that moved hundreds to Ukrainian-controlled territory via a 19-hour Crimea-Belarus corridor Oct 31 is set to expire at 23:00 Nov 1 with no extension announced, as reciprocal long-range strikes intensified — Russian missiles and jet drones killed at least 27 and blacked out 350,000 in Dnipro Oct 29-31 while Ukrainian drones reportedly set the Kstovo refinery ablaze overnight Nov 1 — and the US cleared a $2.1bn allied-funded sale of 500 Patriot interceptors Oct 30 that President Zelensky said may take years to arrive.","Taiwan on Nov 1 accused China's east-coast patrols of harassment and fictional jurisdiction as Beijing kept about 53 ships including the Liaoning at sea Oct 29-30 and debuted its GJ-21 stealth drone's first catapult takeoff and landing on the Type 076 Sichuan Oct 30, while US, Japanese and South Korean foreign ministers reaffirmed Strait peace in Atlanta Oct 31.","Hebron's siege kept about 3,000 displaced through Oct 31 with homes demolished and converted to military posts, Gaza strikes continued despite the October 2025 ceasefire, and Israel shelled south Lebanon towns and built roads linking outposts Oct 31-Nov 1 as settler attacks on olive harvesters continued — Gaza casualty totals remain ministry figures via a single outlet and the Nov 1 Hodeidah oil-facility claim of three civilians wounded is single-source Houthi-reported.","Brent crude was $113.43/bbl as of Oct 30, at the 96th percentile of the past year (+75% y/y) and far above its usual level around $82.2 consistent with Hormuz closure, and Iran's Foreign Minister Araghchi was reported Oct 31 to warn of an 'earth-shattering blow' and that 'red lines are a thing of the past' — the price is as of Oct 30 and one day is not a trend, and the reported statement proves it was said, not that it is true.","The Oct 29-30 Montreal summit did not create 'associate membership' after EU states blocked the term Oct 29 but launched an 'ever-closer association' and 'Alliance for the Future' to be defined by 2027, locking in a Digital Trade Agreement, critical raw materials framework, supercomputing access and Canadian participation in the EU's €90bn Ukraine loan."]}}],"geoledger_run":{"calls":5,"created":13,"errors":[],"events":21,"grid":0,"notes":["thr_russia_ukraine_war_and_european_security_archite: Dnipro railway station: claimant 'Daily intelligence report (item d2)' is not in the text; recorded as 'reported via kyivindependent.com'","thr_russia_ukraine_war_and_european_security_archite: Dnipro station: claimant 'Daily intelligence report (item d2)' is not in the text; recorded as 'reported via kyivindependent.com'","thr_russia_ukraine_war_and_european_security_archite: Kramatorsk City Council building: claimant 'Daily intelligence report (item d2)' is not in the text; recorded as 'reported via kyivindependent.com'"],"published":true},"market_view":{"lines":[{"made_at":"2026-10-27","market":0.0275,"market_id":"1568406","ours":0.99,"question":"US military draft authorized in 2026?","text":"US military draft authorized in 2026? Our forecast 99% (made 2026-10-27); the market prices it at 3%.","url":"https://polymarket.com/event/us-military-draft-authorized-in-2026"},{"made_at":"2026-10-25","market":0.0345,"market_id":"665270","ours":0.99,"question":"Will Donald Trump visit Taiwan in 2026?","text":"Will Donald Trump visit Taiwan in 2026? Our forecast 99% (made 2026-10-25); the market prices it at 3%.","url":"https://polymarket.com/event/which-countries-will-donald-trump-visit-in-2026"},{"made_at":"2026-10-27","market":0.769,"market_id":"678777","ours":0.04,"question":"Will the US strike 8 countries in 2026?","text":"Will the US strike 8 countries in 2026? Our forecast 4% (made 2026-10-27); the market prices it at 77%.","url":"https://polymarket.com/event/how-many-different-countries-will-the-us-strike-in-2026"},{"made_at":"2026-10-26","market":0.854,"market_id":"1469737","ours":0.15,"question":"Will Mojtaba Khamenei be head of state in Iran end of 2026?","text":"Will Mojtaba Khamenei be head of state in Iran end of 2026? Our forecast 15% (made 2026-10-26); the market prices it at 85%.","url":"https://polymarket.com/event/iran-leader-end-of-2026"}],"note":"Ohmega's own forecasts set against Polymarket prices, as an internal accuracy check. Paper trading only, not financial advice. A gap means we disagree, not that we are right: see the track record for who has been closer.","page":"/intel/track-record"},"quiet":[{"countries":["Israel","United Arab Emirates"],"last_novel":"2026-10-18","name":"FlyDubai hijacking attempt and aviation security fallout","theater_id":"thr_flydubai_hijacking_attempt_and_aviation_security"},{"countries":[],"last_novel":"2026-10-17","name":"US sanctions on ICC and Nobel Peace Prize to Navi Pillay","theater_id":"thr_us_sanctions_on_icc_and_nobel_peace_prize_to_nav"},{"countries":["Ethiopia"],"last_novel":"2026-10-15","name":"Ethiopia-Eritrea rupture and Tigray offensive","theater_id":"thr_ethiopia_eritrea_rupture_and_tigray_offensive"},{"countries":["Iraq"],"last_novel":"2026-10-01","name":"US withdrawal from Iraq after 23-year presence","theater_id":"thr_us_withdrawal_from_iraq_after_23_year_presence"}],"researched":true,"schema":"ohmega.daily/1","summary":{"headline":"Hormuz stays shut after four tankers set ablaze as Iran threatens unrestricted retaliation and offers Qatar-mediated reopening while Ukraine's Oleshky truce nears expiry","the_day":["The Strait of Hormuz remained effectively closed Nov 1 after four tankers were set ablaze Oct 30-31 with no new mine-clearance confirmation, as Iran via Qatar offered a two-day reopening tied to sweeping US concessions while Supreme Leader Khamenei ordered planning for immediate geographically unrestricted retaliation including all US-Israeli assets and Washington said one or two targets remain but no strike decision has been made.","The US-brokered Oleshky local truce that moved hundreds to Ukrainian-controlled territory via a 19-hour Crimea-Belarus corridor Oct 31 is set to expire at 23:00 Nov 1 with no extension announced, as reciprocal long-range strikes intensified — Russian missiles and jet drones killed at least 27 and blacked out 350,000 in Dnipro Oct 29-31 while Ukrainian drones reportedly set the Kstovo refinery ablaze overnight Nov 1 — and the US cleared a $2.1bn allied-funded sale of 500 Patriot interceptors Oct 30 that President Zelensky said may take years to arrive.","Taiwan on Nov 1 accused China's east-coast patrols of harassment and fictional jurisdiction as Beijing kept about 53 ships including the Liaoning at sea Oct 29-30 and debuted its GJ-21 stealth drone's first catapult takeoff and landing on the Type 076 Sichuan Oct 30, while US, Japanese and South Korean foreign ministers reaffirmed Strait peace in Atlanta Oct 31.","Hebron's siege kept about 3,000 displaced through Oct 31 with homes demolished and converted to military posts, Gaza strikes continued despite the October 2025 ceasefire, and Israel shelled south Lebanon towns and built roads linking outposts Oct 31-Nov 1 as settler attacks on olive harvesters continued — Gaza casualty totals remain ministry figures via a single outlet and the Nov 1 Hodeidah oil-facility claim of three civilians wounded is single-source Houthi-reported.","Brent crude was $113.43/bbl as of Oct 30, at the 96th percentile of the past year (+75% y/y) and far above its usual level around $82.2 consistent with Hormuz closure, and Iran's Foreign Minister Araghchi was reported Oct 31 to warn of an 'earth-shattering blow' and that 'red lines are a thing of the past' — the price is as of Oct 30 and one day is not a trend, and the reported statement proves it was said, not that it is true.","The Oct 29-30 Montreal summit did not create 'associate membership' after EU states blocked the term Oct 29 but launched an 'ever-closer association' and 'Alliance for the Future' to be defined by 2027, locking in a Digital Trade Agreement, critical raw materials framework, supercomputing access and Canadian participation in the EU's €90bn Ukraine loan."]},"sweep":{"regions":[{"items":[{"countries":["SO"],"sources":["https://newsaf.cgtn.com/news/2026-10-31/UN-political-mission-in-Somalia-ends-after-more-than-three-decades-1RH94jlw208/p.html","https://news.un.org/feed/view/en/story/2026/10/1168714"],"text":"The UN's political mission in Somalia ended after more than three decades on Oct 31, closing a long-running international political presence as Somalia transitions to nationally led governance."},{"countries":["SA","KE"],"sources":["https://www.premiumtimesng.com/health/health-news/921710-ebola-saudi-arabia-suspends-travel-to-kenya-halts-visa-issuance.html"],"text":"Saudi Arabia suspended travel to Kenya and halted visa issuance on Oct 31 over Ebola, signaling cross-border containment as the outbreak topped 10,000 cases mainly in DR Congo."}],"region":"Africa"},{"items":[{"countries":["CA"],"sources":["https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_26_2318"],"spotlight":true,"text":"EU Commission President von der Leyen and Canadian leaders marked a historic Oct 31 summit proposing an 'association without accession' partnership that would be closer to EU membership than any prior third-country tie despite treaty limits barring non-European accession."}],"region":"Europe"},{"items":[{"countries":["KP"],"sources":["https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3372858/fbi-blames-north-korea-stolen-billions-binance-biggest-hack-history","https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20261101000300315","https://www.dw.com/en/fbi-says-north-korea-behind-6-billion-binance-crypto-theft/a-79819998?maca=en-rss-en-all-1573-rdf"],"text":"The FBI blamed North Korea on Oct 31 for a $6 billion theft from crypto exchange Binance, described as the biggest hack in history, underscoring Pyongyang's reliance on crypto theft for funding."},{"countries":["KP"],"sources":["https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20261101000400315","https://tass.com/world/2211447"],"text":"North Korea tested a cluster bomb mountable on tactical ballistic missiles on Oct 31 to assess weapon system yield, indicating an advance in tactical warhead capability."}],"region":"East Asia"},{"items":[{"countries":["SV","HT"],"sources":["http://www.africanews.com/2026/10/31/2000-salvadoran-troops-take-quarters-in-haiti-to-help-fight-gangs"],"text":"About 2,000 Salvadoran troops took quarters in Haiti on Oct 31 to help fight gangs, marking a rare Central American-led security intervention in Haiti's prolonged crisis."}],"region":"Latin America and the Caribbean"},{"items":[{"countries":["US","RU"],"sources":["https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/31/u-s-embassy-warns-of-mass-casualty-threat-at-moscow-s-tsaritsyno-museum-fsb-confirms-receiving-the-warning","https://www.themoscowtimes.com/2026/10/31/us-embassy-warns-of-potential-mass-casualty-event-in-moscow-2-a94144"],"text":"The US Embassy in Moscow warned on Oct 31 of a potential mass-casualty event near the Tsaritsyno historic palace outside Moscow, a rare public alert that Russia's FSB confirmed receiving."}],"region":"Russia and Central Asia"}],"spotlight":{"adhoc":true,"countries":["CA"],"name":"EU-Canada Association Without Accession","region":"Europe","section":true,"sources":["https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_26_2318"],"text":"EU Commission President von der Leyen and Canadian leaders marked a historic Oct 31 summit proposing an 'association without accession' partnership that would be closer to EU membership than any prior third-country tie despite treaty limits barring non-European accession.","theater_id":"thr_spot_eu_canada_association_without_accession"},"window_days":2},"theaters":[{"asset_events":[{"asset_id":"og-cn-vessel-sichuan","claimant":"Xinhua","confidence":"high","country":"CN","date":"2026-10-30","lat":null,"lon":null,"name":"Sichuan","note":"GJ-21 stealth reconnaissance and strike drone completed its first takeoff and landing on the Sichuan","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-says-stealth-attack-drone-makes-first-takeoff-landing-amphibious-ship-2026-10-30/","https://tass.com/defense/2210893","https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-catapult-capable-drone-carrier"],"status":"operational","type":"vessel"},{"asset_id":"og-cn-vessel-gj-21","claimant":"Xinhua","confidence":"high","country":"CN","date":"2026-10-30","lat":null,"lon":null,"name":"GJ-21","note":"GJ-21 stealth reconnaissance and strike drone completed its first takeoff and landing on the Sichuan","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-says-stealth-attack-drone-makes-first-takeoff-landing-amphibious-ship-2026-10-30/","https://tass.com/defense/2210893","https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-catapult-capable-drone-carrier"],"status":"operational","type":"vessel"},{"asset_id":"og-cn-vessel-liaoning","claimant":"National Security Council Secretary-General Joseph Wu","confidence":"high","country":"CN","date":"2026-10-29","lat":null,"lon":null,"name":"Liaoning","note":"China had 53 ships, including 34 warships and aircraft carrier Liaoning, operating from southern Japan to Taiwan to off the Philippines","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/10/30/2003866865"],"status":"operational","type":"vessel"},{"asset_id":"og-tw-port-pratas-islands","claimant":"Taiwan's Coast Guard Administration","confidence":"high","country":"TW","date":"2026-11-01","lat":null,"lon":null,"name":"Pratas Islands","note":"China sent a Coast Guard ship close to the Taiwan-controlled Pratas Islands (Dongsha) on Nov 1","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-coast-guard-conducts-patrols-east-taiwan-cctv-reports-2026-10-31/","https://www.reuters.com/world/china/taiwan-says-china-harassing-shipping-with-east-coast-patrol-2026-11-01/"],"status":"unknown","type":"port"},{"asset_id":"og-cn-entity-zhang-youxia","claimant":"MAC Deputy Minister Shen Yu-chung","confidence":"high","country":"CN","date":"2026-10-23","lat":null,"lon":null,"name":"Zhang Youxia","note":"confirming expulsion of 33 officials including former senior military leaders Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/11/01/2003866944","https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/10/31/2003866921"],"status":"designated","type":"entity"},{"asset_id":"og-cn-entity-liu-zhenli","claimant":"MAC Deputy Minister Shen Yu-chung","confidence":"high","country":"CN","date":"2026-10-23","lat":null,"lon":null,"name":"Liu Zhenli","note":"confirming expulsion of 33 officials including former senior military leaders Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/11/01/2003866944","https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/10/31/2003866921"],"status":"designated","type":"entity"}],"bottom_line":"China's east-coast patrols drew a fresh harassment accusation from Taiwan on Nov 1, while Beijing debuted a catapult drone carrier on Oct 30 and kept a large naval presence at sea. Allied foreign ministers in Atlanta on Oct 31 reaffirmed Strait peace and Taiwan thanked them Nov 1, as Taipei framed the contest as democracy versus centralization. Instruments as of Oct 31 showed no unusual Strait traffic, but the history is only 14-20 days, so a single day is not decisive.","brief_slug":null,"context":[{"source":"https://www.reuters.com/world/china/taiwan-says-china-harassing-shipping-with-east-coast-patrol-2026-11-01/","verification":"researched","what":"Since June 2026 China has stepped up regular coast guard patrols off Taiwan's east coast, which Taiwan says is practice for a potential maritime blockade using overlapping military, paramilitary and civilian assets.","when":"2026-06-01","why_relevant":"Explains why the Oct 31-Nov 1 east-coast patrol is read as blockade rehearsal, not routine law enforcement."},{"source":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/24/2003866530","verification":"researched","what":"On Aug 16, 2026 Chinese militia fishing boat Minfudingyu 07902 operated with a China Coast Guard ship as close as 2.7 nautical miles outside Taiwan's restricted waters off the east coast; Taiwan placed it on a priority watchlist as battlefield preparation. On Oct 18 Taiwan said it drove away 16 Chinese coast guard, research and fishing vessels in simultaneous operations off eastern, southern, southwestern coasts and Pratas.","when":"2026-08-16","why_relevant":"Prior pattern of militia-coast guard integration and multi-coast harassment that the current patrols continue."},{"source":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/19/2003866217","verification":"researched","what":"Taiwan regards the area off its east coast as critical to wartime supply routes from allies in a blockade or conflict, while China recognizes no sovereignty claims by Taiwan.","when":"2026-10-19","why_relevant":"Why east-coast jurisdiction claims carry strategic weight beyond the Strait itself."}],"developments":[{"actors":["China Coast Guard","Taiwan Coast Guard Administration"],"detail":"China's Coast Guard carried out routine law-enforcement patrols in waters east of Taiwan on Oct 31, per CCTV. On Nov 1 Taiwan's Coast Guard Administration said two Chinese ships were involved, that Chinese state media showed one broadcasting a radio offer of help to an unidentified fishing trawler, and that the patrol harasses shipping, tries to exert a fictional jurisdiction, violates international law and has no jurisdiction in Taiwan's exclusive economic zone east of Taiwan. Taiwan said it sent its own ships to keep watch. Taiwan also said China sent a Coast Guard ship close to the Taiwan-controlled Pratas Islands (Dongsha) on Nov 1, the 13th expulsion from Pratas waters in 2026.","headline":"China patrols east of Taiwan Oct 31, Taiwan calls it harassment and fictional jurisdiction Nov 1","place":{"country":"Taiwan","lat":23.8,"lon":121.6,"name":"East coast of Taiwan"},"significance":"Pushes pressure to Taiwan's east-coast supply route, testing jurisdiction claims where Taiwan says allied wartime resupply would run and where China has increased patrols since June as blockade practice.","sources":["https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-coast-guard-conducts-patrols-east-taiwan-cctv-reports-2026-10-31/","https://www.reuters.com/world/china/taiwan-says-china-harassing-shipping-with-east-coast-patrol-2026-11-01/"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"waters east of Taiwan and Pratas Islands"},{"actors":["People's Liberation Army Navy","GJ-21 drone","Type 076 Sichuan"],"detail":"On Oct 30 the GJ-21 stealth reconnaissance and strike drone completed its first takeoff and landing on the Sichuan, China's first Type 076 amphibious assault ship, per Xinhua. The Sichuan, lead vessel of the Type 076 class launched in Shanghai in December 2024, has full-load displacement over 40,000 metric tons, a full-length flight deck, twin-island superstructure, and electromagnetic catapult and arresting gear capable of operating fixed-wing UAVs, helicopters and amphibious equipment.","headline":"China's GJ-21 stealth drone makes first catapult takeoff and landing on Type 076 Sichuan Oct 30","place":{"country":"China","lat":31.23,"lon":121.47,"name":"Shanghai"},"significance":"Debut of world's first catapult-capable drone carrier adds a fixed-wing UAV launch and recovery option for power projection beyond the Strait.","sources":["https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-says-stealth-attack-drone-makes-first-takeoff-landing-amphibious-ship-2026-10-30/","https://tass.com/defense/2210893","https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-catapult-capable-drone-carrier"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-30","where":"aboard Sichuan"},{"actors":["US Secretary of State Marco Rubio","Japanese Foreign Minister Motegi Toshimitsu","South Korean Foreign Minister Cho Hyun","Taiwan Ministry of Foreign Affairs Minister Lin Chia-lung"],"detail":"On Oct 31 in Atlanta on the sidelines of the G20 Foreign Ministers' Meeting, Rubio, Motegi and Cho emphasized the importance of maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait, signed a Memorandum of Cooperation for a Trilateral Arctic Pacific Partnership to explore maritime cooperation, reaffirmed commitment to complete denuclearization of North Korea, and Rubio raised concerns about China's control efforts in the South China Sea and coercive behavior in the East China Sea and Yellow Sea. On Nov 1 Taiwan Foreign Minister Lin Chia-lung welcomed and thanked the three for emphasizing Strait peace, saying it shows Strait security is vital to regional stability and that Taiwan will deepen cooperation amid China's gray-zone harassment.","headline":"US, Japan and South Korea emphasize Strait peace Oct 31 in Atlanta, Taiwan thanks allies Nov 1","place":null,"significance":"Allied joint messaging on Strait stability and new Arctic-Pacific partnership signals deterrence support as Taiwan faces east-coast patrols.","sources":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/11/01/2003866945","https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20261031000552315","https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/us-japan-south-korea-strengthen-partnership-sign-arctic-cooperation-agreement/4107026"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Atlanta, Georgia"},{"actors":["National Security Council Secretary-General Joseph Wu","People's Liberation Army Navy","Liaoning carrier group"],"detail":"On Oct 29-30 National Security Council Secretary-General Joseph Wu said China had 53 ships, including 34 warships and aircraft carrier Liaoning, operating from southern Japan to Taiwan to off the Philippines, calling the threat 'obvious' and posting a map on X. A senior Taiwan security official said if the Liaoning group keeps moving north it would suggest stronger intent to pressure Japan's defense posture.","headline":"Taiwan says 53 Chinese ships including Liaoning operating from southern Japan to Philippines Oct 29-30","place":{"country":"sea","lat":22,"lon":124,"name":"Philippine Sea"},"significance":"Scale of concurrent naval presence shows sustained pressure beyond the Strait and potential linkage to Japan's defense posture.","sources":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/10/30/2003866865"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-29","where":"southern Japan to Philippines"},{"actors":["Mainland Affairs Council Deputy Minister Shen Yu-chung","Chinese Communist Party"],"detail":"On Oct 31 at a Secure Taiwan forum, MAC Deputy Minister Shen Yu-chung said the CCP Fifth Plenum of the 20th Central Committee (four-day meeting concluding Oct 23 in Beijing, adopting party discipline measures, with only 279 of 376 members attending) and Taiwan's Nov 28 mayoral debates highlighted a stark contrast between China's centralization of power and Taiwan's democracy. He said the plenum's theme was 'unswerving promotion of full and rigorous party self-governance,' establishing 'Xi Jinping thought on party building,' confirming expulsion of 33 officials including former senior military leaders Zhang Youxia and Liu Zhenli, and paving way for Xi to secure a fourth term at the 21st National Congress in second half of 2027.","headline":"MAC says Fifth Plenum centralization contrasts with Taiwan democracy Oct 31, notes Xi fourth-term path","place":{"country":"Taiwan","lat":25.033,"lon":121.565,"name":"Taipei"},"significance":"Taipei's political framing ahead of Nov 28 local elections links Beijing's power consolidation to cross-Strait divide and election-interference warnings.","sources":["https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/11/01/2003866944","https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/10/31/2003866921"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Taipei"}],"edition":1,"escalation":{"direction":"rising","pace":"gradual"},"headline":"China patrols east of Taiwan as Taiwan cries harassment and debuts of drone carrier raise pressure","key_figures":[{"as_of":"2026-10-30","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"Chinese ships operating southern Japan to Philippines, including warships","source":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/10/30/2003866865","unit":"ships","value":53},{"as_of":"2026-11-01","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"Chinese Coast Guard expulsions from Pratas waters in 2026","source":"https://www.reuters.com/world/china/taiwan-says-china-harassing-shipping-with-east-coast-patrol-2026-11-01/","unit":"times","value":13},{"as_of":"2026-10-30","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"Type 076 Sichuan full-load displacement","source":"https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-says-stealth-attack-drone-makes-first-takeoff-landing-amphibious-ship-2026-10-30/","unit":"metric tons","value":40000},{"as_of":"2026-10-31","baseline":22.51,"baseline_label":"on 2026-10-24","label":"Taiwan Strait ships present, daily mean (Ohmega AIS)","source":"https://aisstream.io/","unit":"objects","value":16.6}],"live_rollup":{"abnormal":[],"countries":["China","Taiwan"],"day":"2026-11-01","normal":["Taiwan Strait","Taiwan Strait"],"provenance":"ohmega_derived"},"map":{"annotations":[],"bbox":[112.985,18.77,132.485,34.461],"cities":[{"capital":true,"name":"Taipei","x":440.2,"y":540.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Shanghai","x":433.3,"y":186},{"capital":false,"name":"Guangzhou","x":14.2,"y":650.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Wuhan","x":65.8,"y":222.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Hong Kong","x":61.5,"y":697.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Nanjing","x":297.1,"y":138.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Zhangzhou","x":240.3,"y":570.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Hangzhou","x":368.4,"y":241.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Fukuoka","x":893.5,"y":49.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Kaohsiung","x":373.4,"y":678.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Taichung","x":394.7,"y":591.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Fuzhou","x":323.8,"y":480.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Wenzhou","x":393,"y":369.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Nanchang","x":148.4,"y":331.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Xuzhou","x":215,"y":10.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Hefei","x":220.2,"y":149.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Ningbo","x":439.1,"y":262.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Shuyang","x":296.8,"y":19},{"capital":false,"name":"Wuxi","x":375,"y":165.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Jianmen","x":8.9,"y":218.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Shantou","x":188.9,"y":636},{"capital":false,"name":"Xinyang","x":55.6,"y":133.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Ganzhou","x":100.8,"y":489.9}],"countries":[{"d":"M411.5 679.1L405.8 693L402.8 719L397.8 717.2L395.1 712.8L394.5 705.5L389.6 694.3L376 683.3L371.7 673.5L367.4 658.8L364 652L363.5 648.8L367.1 634.5L366.5 619.9L392 572.5L402.6 558.5L413.1 540.8L429.8 533.5L434.1 528.3L437.5 526.8L441.5 526.8L446.3 532.2L454.8 536.6L457.4 539.4L458.7 544.1L453.1 552.7L453.5 569.3L448.8 583.6L442.5 597L435.5 633L431.4 647.5L426.2 659.3L419.3 670.2ZM278.1 570L280.3 573.9L279.4 576.2L272.3 575L271.9 572.7L274.6 573.1Z","name":"Taiwan"},{"d":"M714.3 0L713.5 1.2L709.5 0L702.6 0L698.8 3.3L697.4 8.2L694.7 8.4L693.5 6.3L692.8 0ZM679.4 5.2L676.1 6L673 3.5L674.7 0L685.7 0L684.6 2ZM706 6.7L706.9 9.4L702.8 8.9L700.6 6.3L700.9 4L703.3 3.7ZM684.2 70.9L681.9 72.2L679.7 71.4L675.9 65.9L677.7 62.7L684.7 57.4L703.1 52.3L706.4 52L713.6 54.2L715.2 58.3L712.2 64.2L697.3 70.1Z","name":"South Korea"},{"d":"M458.3 892.8L455 896.9L453.3 895.8L456.6 887.3L459.4 886.2L461.7 889.3ZM437.7 866L438.3 871.2L435.2 871.1L430.7 867.9L430.2 866.3L431.1 863.9ZM460.3 808.4L457.9 808.8L459.3 803.4L461.9 801.9L463.9 802.5ZM456.1 784.6L453.6 789.3L451.6 789.2L454.5 781.2L455.5 781.3ZM424 882.1L423.7 885.9L421.1 883.9L420.5 881L422 876.2L423.6 878.6Z","name":"Philippines"},{"d":"M904.5 240.8L898.6 242L895.4 240.7L892.4 233.6L898 229.1L905.6 233.5L907.1 234.8ZM921.8 233.1L917.3 233.7L917.2 230.4L920.7 222.9L921.1 217.3L924.5 210.4L926.9 208.3L928.1 210.5L926.8 219L923.4 225.4ZM876.8 128L872.7 130L872.2 128L870.5 127.1L873.4 124.4L871.5 121.3L873.6 114.2L873 111.2L881.2 110.1L882.6 112.9L882.8 121.6ZM835.6 19.3L832.3 21.7L830.8 18.1L832.3 8L838.6 10.1L838.5 13.2ZM841 6.1L840 8.9L834.9 5.2L836.9 0L842.5 0L840.8 2.5ZM804.1 96.2L806.1 97.7L811.3 96.6L813 97.4L815.9 103.7L810.5 104.6L808.5 107.5L805.5 106.4L803.3 103.2ZM892.1 116.8L887.6 117.1L885.7 116.4L884.9 114.6L891.3 110.9L896.2 111.5ZM825.2 92.9L823.9 93.6L821.1 86.5L823.1 85.5L826.9 76.2L829.1 83.6L830.6 84.2L829.1 86.9L827 87.9ZM846.5 71L842.9 73.7L840.3 73.7L845 64.8L850.5 63.1L847.3 67.5ZM862.1 40.8L858.5 43.2L855.9 41.3L858.1 34.5L861.1 36.2ZM1000 21.6L998.7 21.4L1000 20ZM988.7 29.6L991.2 31.7L997.9 31.4L993.6 35.2L985.8 33.7L985.8 29.4ZM858.1 160.8L856.5 161.8L857.5 157.3L861.6 153.3L862 155.9ZM932.8 49.2L942.6 51L953.7 46.4L959.5 49.2L961 52L960.3 55L951.4 68.1L969.8 69.2L967.7 73.4L967.3 77L972.5 81.1L970.5 85.3L975.5 88.4L975.2 90.5L961.4 107.1L957.7 114.4L947.4 147.8L948.2 153.8L947.4 160L941.1 175.3L927.5 173.4L925.6 176.8L928.9 183.8L918.8 192.1L907.7 197.6L907.6 195.1L911.4 189.5L913 183.1L912.3 176.5L908.7 165.4L913.4 162.7L912.4 158L906.1 157.3L901.1 166.2L899.6 172.1L900.3 175.4L905.6 183.1L902.7 188.2L882.8 181.7L880.1 175.1L887.6 172.6L889.1 164L886.3 158.5L882.2 154.4L883.4 149.8L882.5 135.9L883.5 134.5L888.9 132.9L892.8 128.6L901.3 115L905.4 105.6L898.1 103.4L901.7 99L900.6 93.4L895.1 86.6L892.1 78.5L884.7 73.6L879.1 77.8L881.4 83L881.5 92.3L886.9 91.4L889.3 92.2L891.1 97.8L890 100.9L887.8 102.4L885.1 102.3L880.3 98.2L875.3 96.9L870 99.7L865 105.5L860.7 108.4L863.7 99.5L856.7 90.9L855.2 84.1L856.1 80.3L861.2 84.6L863.7 89.9L867.5 92.3L872.1 92.3L867.3 82.5L851 70.2L852.6 64.1L855.1 62.8L864.6 65.3L865.2 62.2L863.6 58.7L868.4 56L876.2 53.8L881.2 49.5L886.7 49.5L891.3 47.4L897.4 35.9L909.2 30.6L915.6 31.1L921.4 33.8L926.8 45.2ZM1000 83L997 80.4L999.5 76.5L1000 66.7L995.9 64.8L996.3 59.1L989.5 59.9L979.5 64.3L976.8 64.3L993.9 54.4L1000 49.5ZM1000 0L1000 8.3L996.7 6.1L991.1 7.8L987.3 13.4L982.6 35.7L961.8 23.4L948.2 25.3L935.8 29.4L927.5 25.2L919.7 27.8L918.1 11.4L924 3.9L930.6 3L937.3 3.8L942 2.7L945.3 0ZM579.9 570.4L576.9 579.5L574.4 580.8L571.8 580.1L569.2 575L571 573.1L575.7 573.7L580.4 566.3L581.5 567.5ZM559.2 583.9L555.9 584.7L548.5 583.5L548.4 581.8L552.2 580L553.2 576.2L561.5 579.2ZM638.9 557.4L634.6 558.9L629.9 558L630.7 550L633.3 553.8ZM783.3 447.8L778.3 450.5L776.5 453.6L771.9 454.7L767.5 459.1L763.2 459.9L763.3 463.4L765.1 466.5L762.2 467L759.2 470.6L759.9 476.5L756.1 479.7L752.2 479.8L752.3 473.9L756 467.6L756.1 460.4L760.8 458.5L767.2 451.2L764.4 449.1L765.2 445.5L769.7 446.3L772.4 448.4L775 447L781.1 439.6L783.1 434.7L787 438.7L785.9 443.9ZM821.2 386.6L819 387.6L816.1 386.2L815.3 379.6L816.5 376.4L818.8 375.7L822.1 383.7ZM844.5 358.6L840.1 363.2L835.4 359L829.7 356.2L834 354.4L834.1 352.6L837.8 349.9L847.4 347.8L851.9 343.3L856.6 340.9L857.7 345.8L854.2 347L844.7 354.9L843.8 355.9ZM837.9 364.5L838.2 365.9L833.2 364.8L831.1 359.5L834.5 360.5Z","name":"Japan"},{"d":"M266.6 571.5L264.9 575L261.8 574.4L261.1 571.2L262.5 568.3ZM455.3 170.3L451.1 171.9L437.7 167L428.3 161.6L422.7 155L421.9 152.3L428.4 152.8L434.8 155.1L436.2 158.7L440.6 161.9L452.5 166.8ZM477.5 257.9L476.7 259.1L470.4 255.8L463.5 255.1L461.2 252.2L460.7 247.6L468 247.8L476.9 251.9L478.8 254ZM471.2 274.3L471 275.3L464.5 271L465.5 268.9L468.4 268.3ZM483 262L482.5 264.7L481.2 264.3L479.3 259.6L480.3 258.4L482.9 258.7ZM350.6 516.4L346.8 519.1L344.4 517.8L345.5 511.1L344.2 508.7L345.5 506L348.4 505.2L351.5 508.7L350 513.5L351.2 515.1ZM423.9 365.6L417.8 367L417.9 362.8L421.6 358.8L423.9 362.2ZM29.3 668.6L29.7 671.2L22.6 665.5L21.5 662.9L24.6 662.8ZM0 0L357.9 0.7L370.1 7.7L373.4 10.7L376.3 16.7L385.4 42.7L385.6 47.2L391.3 55.6L397.4 70.2L404.4 82.8L405.8 92.8L403.5 97.3L403.5 103.2L410.5 108.6L426.1 114.9L431.6 119.8L431.7 129.3L436.2 134.2L445.6 138.2L449.5 141.5L453.7 146.9L455.5 158.1L445.9 157.6L429.1 149.2L418.5 150.2L409.7 148.6L400.3 139.3L386.4 135.1L369.2 143.1L364.8 142.5L361.6 144.8L369.6 146.5L385.2 140L396.4 142.1L400.1 151.5L413.9 157.2L421.5 162.5L429 170.6L444.9 180.1L451.3 189.1L456 203.2L450.5 205.9L438.1 207.6L432.5 210.5L426.9 215.7L410.9 223.8L405.8 233.3L401.9 235.5L392.1 233.4L382.8 233.6L369.7 242L373.1 240.8L377.8 241.7L385.1 238.5L392.2 248.2L406.1 246.6L419.2 238.5L424.3 238.4L428.5 239.6L433.2 242.8L445.8 257L466.6 263.3L457.5 268.5L445.7 279.7L437 285.4L446.4 283.9L456.6 277.2L459.3 278.4L460.7 285.1L458.1 305.5L454.8 305.8L451.6 300.3L447.8 298.5L444.7 299.7L438.4 299.6L434 305.7L437.7 306.4L445.1 312.6L445.9 315.9L443.9 318L438.7 317.1L445 321.7L443.3 326.5L437.7 329.6L435.4 333.8L441.9 349.5L442.3 353.8L437.2 352L429.2 357.4L425 357.8L422.1 350.7L418.5 351.8L416.1 353.9L408.9 368.4L405.5 370.3L398.1 370L398.9 371.9L402.5 374.1L402.5 376.8L394.9 385.2L393.8 391.2L389.9 394.6L392 400.3L390.9 404.3L379.5 419L374 422.3L366.9 434.4L364.7 440.5L364.2 446.8L358.1 451.6L353.7 450.3L353.6 446.1L351.7 445.7L350.6 443L350.7 436.7L348.9 437.6L347.8 440.8L344.9 443.5L338.6 440.3L341.2 449.6L345.7 450.3L348.7 453.9L353.6 466.1L344 471.7L332.2 482.1L324.5 481.7L315.6 478.3L322 486.7L325.5 488.2L329.9 487.9L334.2 484.7L340.2 485.1L341.7 489.9L336.8 502.6L336.1 508.7L340.4 520.2L338.9 521.5L330.1 516.3L326.1 517L322 515.8L317.7 516.8L316 518.9L317.2 522.2L321 525L323.1 529.3L320.5 530.8L309.7 529.8L307.3 530.6L304.1 535.4L306.2 542.4L303.8 546.7L289.9 552.1L290 553.6L294.1 557.2L290.9 564.3L285.9 566.7L278.3 565.5L272.3 567.1L267.2 564.1L261.7 564L257.9 567.9L257.5 572.3L249.1 572.8L251 577.3L258.4 578.2L260.1 585.9L252.3 593.9L249 599.3L243.9 599.1L240.2 603.5L238.1 609.4L235.6 608.2L229.8 609.1L228.1 611.9L229.6 615.1L227.3 621.7L224.8 623.6L222.9 616.7L220.8 616.4L217.4 620.2L210.1 624.2L207.6 621.6L201.3 620.3L198.8 631.4L191.1 636.7L186.9 637.1L189.6 638.6L190.5 641.4L188.9 644.3L184.7 644.8L182.2 647L181.3 657L178.8 660.5L172.3 660.7L167.5 658.4L162.7 663.8L157.8 664.3L147 668.7L136.2 665.8L132.1 667.4L128.9 673.5L123 673.5L113.4 667.8L108 669.9L104 674L99 675.4L98 678L95.9 679.3L90.5 678.8L88.5 672.3L85.5 671.4L80 679.1L80.5 684.4L77.5 684.5L73.6 681.3L69.5 680.7L65.7 683.7L58.4 682.3L52.9 685.3L48.5 684.2L43.3 679.9L39.5 672.6L34.7 668.7L32.6 665.3L30.9 656.2L32.6 650L27.4 651.5L23.6 654.2L24.4 657.6L23.5 660.8L17.8 662.4L18.5 665.1L22.9 669.4L23.9 673.1L29.1 680.6L29.1 691.5L31 694.6L28.9 701.8L27.8 700.6L26.1 700.9L25.3 703.5L17.6 706.4L14.5 709.6L8.4 710.4L5.3 702.8L1.2 707.9L0 717.9Z","name":"China"},{"d":"M25.3 703.5L26.1 700.9L27.8 700.6L28.9 701.9Z","name":"Macao"},{"d":"M52.9 685.3L58.4 682.3L65.7 683.7L67 686.1L66.7 688.5L68.7 689.6L69.3 692L67 693.3L65.8 697.8L53.8 693.1L48.9 693.8L46.8 690.1L52.4 686.9ZM64 702.6L62.7 703.5L59 697.9L61.7 697.7L64.7 699.6ZM52 702.6L45.8 702.6L43.8 700.8L46 698.6L54.3 695.6L52.2 698.8Z","name":"Hong Kong"}],"credit":"Base map: Natural Earth (public domain). Locations: Ohmega, from today's developments; approximate. Disputed areas: Natural Earth (public domain).","disputed":[{"claimants":["China"],"d":"M457.5 545.5L453.3 551L452.4 555.3L452.8 563L456.3 565.7L454.1 566.1L454.9 568.4L453.6 570.2L454.1 572.4L451 575.2L449.9 580.9L450.7 582.3L445 588.9L442.2 595.6L443.3 599.1L437.8 619.6L434.7 637.7L432 642.7L431.5 649L428.8 652.6L426.4 659.7L420.8 666.3L420.1 670L412.5 677L408.4 684.5L404.9 694.9L404.8 711.5L402.6 715.4L402.8 720.2L399.1 717L397.6 716.6L396.4 718.3L394.7 713.4L395.5 708.2L391.6 697.8L386 690.3L379.3 687L374.4 681.4L376.9 684.5L376.6 683.1L372.4 677.9L372.4 674L367 658.5L368.3 655.5L365.6 656.9L365.3 654.6L362.6 654.8L362.8 653L364.9 651.8L362.8 651L364.3 650.6L362.8 648.7L364.2 646.9L365.7 639.1L367.4 638.9L365.9 637.8L366.4 636.6L368.2 636.6L366.4 631.5L367.8 629.2L366.2 629.3L366.1 627.5L369.2 613.5L374.7 605L377.7 597.8L380.9 594.4L381.4 591.3L385 586.8L388.4 577.9L393 572.2L395.8 565.2L399.6 561.8L402.1 561.8L407.2 549.2L414.1 539.8L430.5 533.6L433.8 534.8L431.3 532.1L433.4 528.8L436.6 526.6L440.8 526.4L444.3 531.3L446.1 531.1L445.7 532.3L447.1 533.6L457.4 536.5L458.2 541.4L462.6 542.5ZM277.4 570L280.2 571L281 575.2L280.2 576.2L276.3 575.1L273.5 577.6L271.8 577L271.7 572.6L273.4 571.7L276.7 572.8ZM341.7 622.7L342.7 625.9L341.3 625L337.4 627.7L335.5 626.4L338.6 625.9L336.8 625.1L336.8 623.5Z","name":"Taiwan","note":"Self-administered; claimed by China","r":34,"rings":[[[[121.906,24.95],[121.823,24.855],[121.807,24.779],[121.815,24.644],[121.882,24.598],[121.841,24.59],[121.856,24.551],[121.83,24.519],[121.84,24.481],[121.78,24.433],[121.759,24.332],[121.773,24.309],[121.663,24.193],[121.607,24.077],[121.629,24.015],[121.521,23.659],[121.462,23.343],[121.409,23.255],[121.4,23.145],[121.347,23.083],[121.3,22.959],[121.19,22.843],[121.177,22.779],[121.029,22.658],[120.948,22.527],[120.881,22.346],[120.879,22.056],[120.836,21.987],[120.84,21.905],[120.767,21.959],[120.737,21.966],[120.714,21.937],[120.682,22.023],[120.697,22.113],[120.621,22.295],[120.512,22.425],[120.381,22.484],[120.285,22.58],[120.334,22.526],[120.328,22.552],[120.246,22.643],[120.246,22.71],[120.142,22.98],[120.166,23.032],[120.114,23.008],[120.108,23.049],[120.055,23.044],[120.059,23.076],[120.1,23.097],[120.059,23.111],[120.089,23.118],[120.059,23.151],[120.087,23.182],[120.117,23.318],[120.149,23.322],[120.121,23.341],[120.165,23.362],[120.131,23.451],[120.158,23.491],[120.125,23.49],[120.124,23.52],[120.184,23.764],[120.292,23.912],[120.35,24.038],[120.412,24.097],[120.422,24.152],[120.493,24.231],[120.558,24.386],[120.649,24.484],[120.702,24.607],[120.778,24.666],[120.827,24.666],[120.926,24.885],[121.059,25.05],[121.379,25.158],[121.443,25.136],[121.396,25.183],[121.436,25.241],[121.498,25.279],[121.581,25.283],[121.65,25.197],[121.684,25.201],[121.676,25.179],[121.704,25.157],[121.905,25.107],[121.919,25.022],[122.005,25.002]]],[[[121.563,22.045],[121.588,22.014],[121.539,22.018],[121.498,22.048],[121.492,22.082],[121.567,22.082]]],[[[118.394,24.523],[118.45,24.506],[118.463,24.432],[118.449,24.416],[118.373,24.433],[118.318,24.391],[118.284,24.401],[118.282,24.477],[118.317,24.493],[118.381,24.474]]],[[[119.648,23.603],[119.668,23.549],[119.641,23.564],[119.564,23.517],[119.527,23.54],[119.587,23.549],[119.552,23.562],[119.552,23.59]]],[[[119.477,23.603],[119.501,23.65],[119.517,23.638],[119.492,23.571],[119.442,23.562]]],[[[119.573,23.628],[119.545,23.665],[119.566,23.679],[119.596,23.653]]],[[[121.461,22.659],[121.458,22.676],[121.503,22.67],[121.496,22.635]]],[[[119.426,23.222],[119.418,23.192],[119.408,23.213]]],[[[119.497,23.268],[119.502,23.275],[119.504,23.271]]],[[[119.505,23.375],[119.48,23.358],[119.479,23.405]]],[[[118.256,24.448],[118.257,24.424],[118.209,24.412],[118.233,24.451]]],[[[122.07,25.635],[122.08,25.63],[122.072,25.625]]],[[[119.933,26.16],[119.964,26.167],[119.933,26.14],[119.914,26.153]]],[[[119.971,26.192],[119.969,26.22],[120.014,26.22]]],[[[120.481,26.368],[120.491,26.389],[120.508,26.376]]]],"source":"","status":"self-administered","x":402,"y":626.7}],"height":900,"labels":[{"key":true,"name":"Taiwan","r":33.9,"x":400.8,"y":629.7},{"key":false,"name":"South Korea","r":7.7,"x":696.3,"y":62.1},{"key":false,"name":"Japan","r":30.5,"x":934.1,"y":93.2},{"key":true,"name":"China","r":187.1,"x":187.1,"y":294.9}],"lakes":[{"d":"M288.2 73.9L282.4 83.9L266.6 90.4L266.5 85.4L264.5 84.6L260.6 87.5L259.7 85.8L263.9 82.2L268.8 84.3L269.5 83.3L266.5 75.8L256.1 75.6L252.8 76.5L251.6 80.1L248.9 81.6L247.4 81L249.6 80.2L252.7 73.4L263 71.5L266.2 71.7L271.3 81.2L274.6 84.1L278.1 83.2L281.3 76.4L280.5 74.6L273.7 73.3L270 71.1L269.1 67.2L273.5 68.4L280.1 60.4L288.3 62.2L282.2 52.8L282.5 48.1L285.1 46.8L288.4 54.2L291.2 57.2L296.9 58.4L301.3 63.3L293.9 78.6L292.1 79.4L290.7 73.8Z"},{"d":"M390.6 193.5L380 200.2L371.9 202.2L365 200L358.6 193.3L356.6 184L359.1 176L365.3 170.3L371 168L372.8 169.2L373.6 173L379.3 173.9L376.5 180.1L381.8 187L382.3 189.7L380 192.7L383.4 193.9L387.4 191.2Z"},{"d":"M190.8 305.4L191 307.3L189.1 307.6L181.4 305L180 306.2L179.1 310.7L182.1 322.1L180.9 324.5L178.7 324.4L175.6 318.6L172.5 318.6L171.5 315.4L159.6 307.1L152.8 295.3L159.3 281.4L160.7 275.7L158.9 272.9L164.8 270.1L166.4 273.1L166.7 275L165.3 276.2L162 287.2L160.3 288.7L160.5 290.2L164.3 291.3L164.7 292.5L161.6 295.5L162.5 298.7L173.5 300.4L173.2 304.4L178.7 298.9L187.5 299.6L188.7 300.2L189.2 304.1Z"},{"d":"M178.3 252.7L181.3 256.5L180.2 257.9L174.5 257.8L169.5 256.2L167.8 250.5L177.3 251.4Z"},{"d":"M164.6 253.7L167 254L168 257.2L167.6 259.6L165.5 261.1L156.9 262.7L153.5 258.6L153.9 254.9L160.7 255.8L162.3 252.3Z"},{"d":"M70 244.6L72.9 240.5L77.5 239.2L75.6 234.9L77.8 234.8L83 238.7L85 248.2L84 250.3L79.9 245.1L78.2 244.7L74.9 251Z"},{"d":"M329.3 95.6L328.5 98L321.5 98.9L317.4 101.8L312.5 92.1L320.9 89.7L321 83L324.6 80.7L320.6 74.9L317.7 75.3L316.4 80.1L313.6 82.2L306.7 81.6L302.4 79.3L313.7 79.8L317.2 73.1L321.5 72.3L324 74.4L326.4 79.3Z"},{"d":"M176.4 249.6L170.9 244.2L170.8 242.6L173.7 241.8L177.4 244L182.3 244L181.6 250.7L180.6 251.4Z"},{"d":"M297.2 175L294.3 167.4L305.5 166.7L306.4 171.8L300.8 176Z"},{"d":"M23.9 259.3L19.7 268.2L16.8 270.2L14.9 268.5L12.6 262L17.8 261.9L19.3 258.8Z"},{"d":"M254.2 168.6L246.1 165.3L237.9 172.4L234.8 173L229.9 171.7L222.2 164.6L221.1 161.2L222.1 158.5L224.7 157.8L227.1 158.7L228.9 163.5L233.8 164.6L239.3 161L243.5 160.6Z"},{"d":"M95.1 239.4L90 239.8L92 243.5L86.9 242.8L86.6 238.6L88.6 236.9L93.4 236L94.8 237.1Z"},{"d":"M82.9 217.9L84.9 218L85.2 214.8L89 212.8L92.1 215.7L92.4 217.8L87.8 220.7L84 221L82 218.5Z"},{"d":"M82.9 236.1L76.8 231.1L79.4 230.9L82.9 233L84.5 230.6L83.3 227.4L86.2 227.7L88 226.5L89.9 227.5L90.7 231.2L87.1 233.1L85.7 236Z"},{"d":"M67.5 254.4L65 257.4L65.2 261.2L60.8 260.4L59.4 256.6L59.6 251.1L61.1 249.3L64.8 247.8L65 253.3L67.2 253.4Z"},{"d":"M60.2 263.2L59.1 263.7L56.5 259.6L50.5 262.7L52.2 259.1L49 256.9L57.2 254.6Z"}],"locator":{"d":"M117 62L114 60L118 59ZM117 59L113 60L112 57L113 56L117 57L116 55L117 55L119 56ZM129 41L124 43L124 42L124 40L127 40ZM160 38L159 39L161 43L158 45L160 42L157 38ZM67 45L64 50L63 47L59 45L61 43ZM139 27L141 27L139 27L137 29L133 26L131 27L131 25L136 26L138 27ZM70 69L68 69L68 67ZM28 19L25 17L19 16L16 17L17 16L9 20L13 17L10 17L10 16L8 16L11 14L7 14L11 13L7 12L13 10L22 11L22 16ZM58 25L62 24L63 25L59 27L58 29L58 28L57 29L58 30L55 33L55 36L54 33L51 33L47 33L46 36L41 32L33 31L31 28L31 23L51 23L54 25L54 27ZM99 21L97 21L98 20L97 19L97 17L101 21ZM131 36L131 37L129 37ZM121 24L116 25L116 23L112 23L114 21L119 21L122 22ZM119 51L116 51L117 48L119 48ZM131 27L133 26L137 29L135 30L132 29L130 29L129 28L130 27L129 27ZM123 27L125 28L125 29L116 30L115 29L116 27ZM106 32L105 33L105 29L106 29ZM156 39L159 41L157 43L156 43L156 47L155 45L155 43L154 40ZM118 55L116 54L117 51L122 53L122 56L119 56ZM138 29L139 27L138 28L142 29ZM120 30L124 29L120 32ZM106 17L109 12L113 12L113 13L110 15L111 17L109 19L107 19ZM119 48L116 48L113 45L118 43ZM119 45L118 43L117 45L113 45L112 43L114 38L120 38L121 40ZM99 26L102 27L99 30L96 29L97 27L95 26ZM116 62L118 65L117 67L114 69L110 69L109 66L111 66L111 64L112 65ZM123 51L123 48L128 43ZM127 44L127 46L124 44ZM93 42L93 43L91 43L92 43L90 42L92 41ZM129 39L124 41L119 34L122 32L127 34L131 38ZM0 12L6 13L0 14ZM173 26L175 23L173 23L169 20L165 22L155 21L154 22L149 23L144 22L143 20L138 19L134 20L134 22L126 22L127 24L126 25L126 27L120 25L122 22L118 21L117 19L115 18L117 17L115 16L118 15L116 12L123 12L118 13L121 15L125 13L124 12L126 13L134 11L138 12L137 11L140 9L141 12L138 13L140 13L142 12L144 12L141 12L142 10L146 11L145 9L158 7L163 8L158 10L169 9L173 11L178 10L188 11L189 12L199 11L200 14L197 14L200 15L191 17L191 19L187 22L187 19L192 15L178 18L175 20L179 20L178 23ZM131 9L132 11L129 10ZM179 20L180 23L179 24ZM116 25L116 26L113 26L111 24L115 23ZM95 27L97 27L96 29ZM113 21L113 23L111 23L108 22L108 20L113 20ZM167 40L169 43L167 42ZM170 45L170 47L168 46ZM61 52L59 54L62 57L61 60L58 58L55 53L56 53L58 50ZM68 61L70 63L69 65L67 65L68 64L65 62L66 61ZM178 55L178 51L184 56L180 54ZM143 30L139 35L139 36L134 36L135 35L134 33L137 33L140 30ZM129 41L129 39L131 39L131 36L133 38ZM111 12L107 15L106 17L103 17L104 16L103 15L110 11L117 11ZM109 6L112 6L109 7L108 7L109 6L106 6ZM171 29L170 29L169 28L172 26ZM108 42L106 46L103 48L102 46L102 42ZM108 42L103 42L102 44L100 42L107 37L109 39ZM54 42L53 44L51 43ZM196 73L195 75L192 76ZM196 69L199 71L197 73ZM149 35L144 34L145 33ZM113 60L112 60L111 66L109 66L107 60ZM117 62L118 59L117 58L119 58L120 60L119 56L122 56L123 59L119 61L120 64L118 65ZM99 30L99 32L91 38L97 30ZM95 35L93 36L93 38L91 38ZM149 23L154 22L155 21L165 22L164 23L167 24L158 27L154 26ZM35 32L44 33L46 36L47 40L49 40L52 38L51 40L49 40L49 42L43 40L37 33L36 32L36 33L39 37ZM93 42L91 41L91 38L93 38L93 36L95 35L97 36L96 36L97 41ZM94 43L94 41L97 41L96 36L102 39L102 41L99 42L97 44ZM156 46L157 47L158 49ZM165 48L164 49L161 49L165 46L166 47ZM118 58L118 55L120 58L120 60ZM128 57L128 59L125 64L124 60ZM113 20L112 19L115 19ZM105 33L106 32L111 33L112 32L114 32L114 39L106 36ZM115 19L112 19L114 18L115 18ZM157 38L160 42L158 42L158 40L156 40ZM139 28L141 27L139 27L140 26L145 27ZM119 51L120 47L123 48L122 53ZM139 27L138 27L133 25L131 25L131 27L129 27L128 25L129 24L127 24L126 22L128 21L134 22L134 20L138 19L143 20L144 22L149 23L144 25L145 27ZM180 25L181 26L178 27L179 25ZM178 27L178 30L173 31L177 29ZM104 24L108 24L107 25L110 28L109 29ZM124 29L126 30L127 33L122 32ZM130 29L134 30L134 33L135 35L134 36L129 35L125 31L125 28ZM154 47L158 50L159 53ZM169 49L167 50L169 50L167 51L168 52L167 51L166 53L167 49ZM161 49L164 49L165 48L166 49L164 52L161 52ZM178 51L178 55L173 51ZM138 37L139 36L139 35L142 32L141 31L143 30L146 35L154 34L152 38L151 36L149 35L149 38L145 41L143 46L141 38L139 38ZM91 13L92 14L90 15L86 14ZM112 23L112 24L109 24ZM54 42L52 43L50 42ZM66 47L67 46L69 49L67 49ZM94 45L92 44L92 43L95 43L96 45ZM115 27L113 28L113 29L112 30L113 29L112 27ZM100 44L101 47L98 47L98 44ZM105 24L103 21L105 20L105 19L108 20L108 22L107 22L108 23ZM124 27L122 26L125 26L126 27ZM107 49L108 51L106 52L105 50ZM104 24L104 26L101 26L99 26L99 24L97 23L101 22ZM113 13L111 12L116 11L118 15L113 17L112 15ZM120 47L118 46L121 42L127 46L122 48ZM115 18L113 17L116 17ZM120 42L121 40L124 43ZM120 38L114 38L114 33L119 33L119 35L118 34ZM58 50L55 52L56 50ZM83 4L88 4L83 4L87 5L94 5L89 6L88 7L90 7L87 7L89 9L85 9L88 9L85 10L88 11L85 10L84 11L88 11L78 14L76 17L72 15L70 13L72 13L70 13L72 12L70 12L72 12L70 11L71 10L69 10L67 8L60 7L66 4ZM55 37L59 39L53 38ZM108 25L111 25L109 25L110 26ZM96 44L99 45L98 47L96 48ZM117 55L116 55L116 57L112 56L112 54L107 53L109 52L111 47L115 47L117 49L116 51ZM106 52L108 51L107 49L110 48L109 52ZM60 43L59 45L63 47L63 49L61 49L61 52L56 49L57 45ZM160 38L158 37L156 38L153 34L149 35L145 33L141 28L145 27L144 25L148 23L154 26L161 26L167 24L164 23L167 21L170 21L173 23L175 23L173 26L165 28L168 29L166 31L168 34L165 37ZM61 60L63 63L59 78L62 79L60 80L59 79L59 77L58 76L60 75ZM113 39L113 44L109 46L107 42L108 37ZM113 45L115 47L111 47L109 49L108 47L109 46L112 44ZM28 19L22 16L22 11L29 11L40 13L41 12L40 12L46 12L47 13L48 12L46 11L47 10L51 13L52 11L55 12L53 13L49 13L51 14L48 14L50 15L47 16L48 18L54 19L56 22L56 20L57 19L57 15L59 15L61 16L62 18L64 17L66 19L68 20L66 20L69 21L61 23L54 27L54 25L51 23L32 23L28 20ZM36 10L41 9L44 11L37 12L35 11L38 11L34 10ZM33 9L36 9L33 10L30 10L31 9ZM61 4L66 4L56 6L59 6L55 8L50 7L54 7L51 7L55 6L52 5L57 5L49 5ZM44 9L46 10L43 10ZM53 14L55 15L52 15ZM49 5L53 6L49 6L46 5ZM48 7L56 8L49 9L46 7ZM48 9L50 9L47 10ZM63 25L62 24L58 25L64 23L63 23L66 25L64 26L65 25ZM69 21L68 22L70 23L71 24L67 24ZM52 11L55 9L66 13L62 13L64 15L62 15L63 16L57 14L60 13L58 11L51 11L52 11L50 9L53 9ZM105 47L108 43L109 49L106 49ZM160 42L159 44L157 44L157 42ZM156 39L154 40L155 44L154 41L152 41L151 38L154 34ZM101 44L97 44L100 42L101 43ZM116 27L113 27L112 26L116 26ZM63 49L66 47L67 49L71 48L72 49L71 51L74 50L80 53L77 62L73 64L70 69L68 67L70 65L68 62L68 59L64 55L61 56L59 54L61 52L61 49ZM114 60L116 62L111 65L112 60ZM61 60L61 56L64 55L68 60L62 63ZM101 47L100 44L102 43ZM118 21L113 21L116 19L117 19ZM149 38L149 35L151 36L151 38L150 37ZM127 29L125 27L127 27ZM180 57L185 64L183 71L179 71L176 70L177 68L175 69L173 67L164 69L163 62L167 61L170 58L172 58L173 56L176 57L175 58L178 60ZM68 67L68 71L64 73L65 74L62 76L63 77L62 78L62 79L60 79L59 78L62 64L65 62L68 64L67 65L70 64ZM113 56L112 57L113 60L107 60L108 56L107 53L112 54ZM105 29L105 35L107 37L103 39L102 39L95 35L99 32L99 30ZM137 29L142 29L137 33L134 33L134 30ZM68 85L64 87L66 90L66 91L57 93L60 93L55 93L57 94L53 93L66 96L87 94L80 94L90 92L94 89L122 89L130 87L139 88L137 91L147 87L175 87L195 90L189 92L193 94L188 95L200 97L200 100L0 100L0 97L13 97L3 96L11 96L15 96L13 95L18 95L12 93L36 91L45 92L43 90L62 91L63 90L63 87ZM75 94L76 95L70 95ZM61 88L62 90L58 90L61 90L60 88Z","height":100,"rect":{"h":8.7,"w":10.8,"x":162.8,"y":30.9},"width":200},"points":[{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"East coast of Taiwan","lat":23.8,"lon":121.6,"n":1,"verification":"researched","x":441.8,"y":611.5},{"date":"2026-10-30","label":"Shanghai","lat":31.23,"lon":121.47,"n":2,"verification":"researched","x":435.1,"y":185.3},{"date":"2026-10-29","label":"Philippine Sea","lat":22,"lon":124,"n":4,"verification":"researched","x":564.9,"y":714.7},{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Taipei","lat":25.033,"lon":121.565,"n":5,"verification":"researched","x":440,"y":540.7}],"projection":"equirectangular","rivers":[{"d":"M0.2 284.2L3.5 286.3L7.3 286.7"},{"d":"M73.2 559.4L76.7 559.4L79.2 557.8L83.5 553.2L89.5 549.4L91.1 545.3L90.4 539.7L92.2 536.2L96.4 534.8L98.2 531.4L97.5 526L99.8 518L107.9 499.8L108.5 495.3L106.9 493.1L102.9 493.3L100.3 492.1L98.9 489.3L100.2 479.2L98.4 478.1L100.6 471.7L99.8 469L89.9 456.8L88.8 450L93 443.8L103.1 436.6L102.3 433.8L104.4 426.1L102.9 423.2L103.8 420L107.2 416.5L108.4 411.6L107.2 405.2L110 398.5L116.9 391.5L122.3 382.9L126.2 372.5L132.9 364.3L142.6 358.1L146.8 352.4L145.2 337L153.3 319.6L155.5 310.3L153.7 297.2"},{"d":"M0 225.8L11.5 231.2L20.3 232.5L27 230.4L35.3 221.6L44.9 218.9L47 219.3L48.9 218L57 222.2L66.9 223"},{"d":"M2.6 669.1L5.7 672.8L14.3 693.9L22.1 704.5M2.6 669.1L16.1 674.6L21.1 677.4L23.5 680.3L29.1 681M0 655L23.6 654.2M0 655.6L2 660L5.4 662.7L11.7 662.4L18.1 663.7"},{"d":"M7.3 286.7L28 265.5M28 265.5L36.5 258.8L39.8 259.4L44.9 257.4L51.8 253L52.6 248.7L47.4 244.6L46.2 241.7L49 240L51.5 239.9L53.7 241.3L58 237L67.6 221.8L72.4 217.7L76.3 217.9L80.7 221.2L86 222.5L92.3 221.6L95.2 223.5L94.8 228.2L97.5 231.6L103.2 233.6L106.3 236.6L106.8 240.4L108.6 242.7L111.6 243.5L122.6 257.8L129.2 262.8L136.1 263.5L141.9 265.7L146.6 269.4L153.7 270.4L165.5 268.2M165.5 268.2L177.8 263.4L189.7 252.3L194.4 250.3L198 246.2L200.6 240.2L201.5 235.8L200.8 233L204.5 230.3L212.6 227.7L216.8 224.2L217.1 219.8L218.6 217.2L236.9 211.3L243.1 205L245.9 195.5L249.2 191.4L252.9 192.5L255.6 191.1L257.1 186.9L261.8 183.8L269.5 181.8L273.2 178.9L274.3 169.2L277.5 161L292.7 136.9L306.5 129.5L341.4 127.6L348 129.3L352.9 135.4L363.5 143.4"},{"d":"M4.3 291L7.3 286.7"}],"scale":{"km":200,"label":"200 km","px":103.1},"version":2,"width":1000},"name":"US-China strategic competition over Taiwan","numbers":{"actors":[{"iso2":"TW","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Cho Jung-tai","head_of_state":"Lai Ching-te"},"metrics":{"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":14,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":396.5,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":180,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":3,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,13.1],[2017,14],[2018,11.6],[2019,10.7],[2020,14.4],[2021,15],[2022,13.2],[2023,14],[2024,14.1],[2025,17.4],[2026,18.1]],"unit":"pct","value":18.1,"year":2026},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":104,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":3.139,"year":2016},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":25,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,1333.89],[2015,1332.95],[2016,1339.76],[2017,1340.77],[2018,1354.55],[2019,1328.15],[2020,1289.17],[2021,1370.35],[2022,1316.82],[2023,1256.38],[2024,1253.85]],"unit":"twh","value":1253.85,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":69,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-2.2],[2017,-2],[2018,-1.9],[2019,-1.8],[2020,-2.9],[2021,-2.1],[2022,-1.7],[2023,-2.5],[2024,-1.5],[2025,-2.1],[2026,-2.1]],"unit":"pct","value":-2.1,"year":2026},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":30,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":296.384,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":76,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2.994,"year":2016},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":165,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,35.4],[2017,34.5],[2018,33.8],[2019,32.6],[2020,32],[2021,30.1],[2022,29.5],[2023,29],[2024,26.8],[2025,22.4],[2026,27.6]],"unit":"pct","value":27.6,"year":2026},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":25,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":447.921,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":95,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0.145,"year":2016}},"name":"Taiwan","trade":{}},{"iso2":"CN","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Li Qiang","head_of_state":"Xi Jinping"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":2535000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":25599.3,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":26245,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":41,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,1.7],[2017,1.5],[2018,0.2],[2019,0.7],[2020,1.6],[2021,1.9],[2022,2.4],[2023,1.4],[2024,2.2],[2025,3.7],[2026,3.5]],"unit":"pct","value":3.5,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":72,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":23.9618,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":31204.8,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":1,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,34729.1],[2015,35136],[2016,35277.7],[2017,36649.4],[2018,38409.8],[2019,40188.7],[2020,41493.9],[2021,43847.2],[2022,44516.5],[2023,47072],[2024,48987.1]],"unit":"twh","value":48987.1,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":134,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,19.2037],[2017,19.3356],[2018,18.7705],[2019,18.1398],[2020,18.2696],[2021,19.4351],[2022,20.2278],[2023,19.4023],[2024,20.4428],[2025,21.0712]],"unit":"pct","value":21.0712,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":1,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":4108470000000,"year":2025},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":114,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":13.0008,"year":2024},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":1,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":2419840000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":174,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.3],[2017,-3.3],[2018,-4.2],[2019,-6],[2020,-9.6],[2021,-5.9],[2022,-7.3],[2023,-6.7],[2024,-7.1],[2025,-7.9],[2026,-8.2]],"unit":"pct","value":-8.2,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":114,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":1.49786,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":4343.91,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":4,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2483.9,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,11456000000000],[2017,12537600000000],[2018,14147800000000],[2019,14560200000000],[2020,14996400000000],[2021,18201700000000],[2022,18316800000000],[2023,18270400000000],[2024,18729700000000],[2025,19498000000000]],"unit":"usd","value":19498000000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":49,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,6.77369],[2017,6.89124],[2018,6.75781],[2019,6.06738],[2020,2.3395],[2021,8.57038],[2022,3.13385],[2023,5.416],[2024,4.9583],[2025,4.95995]],"unit":"pct","value":4.95995,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":73,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8254.87],[2017,8979.68],[2018,10085.7],[2019,10342.9],[2020,10627.5],[2021,12887.4],[2022,12970.6],[2023,12951.2],[2024,13293.1],[2025,13862]],"unit":"usd","value":13862,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":19,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,50],[2017,53.9],[2018,55.9],[2019,59.8],[2020,70.1],[2021,72.1],[2022,77.3],[2023,84.1],[2024,90.4],[2025,99.2],[2026,106.9]],"unit":"pct","value":106.9,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":161,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,16.9735],[2017,17.6152],[2018,18.1239],[2019,17.3146],[2020,16.0682],[2021,17.2078],[2022,17.2848],[2023,17.3368],[2024,17.5132],[2025,16.8852]],"unit":"pct","value":16.8852,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":3292280000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,198538000000],[2017,210443000000],[2018,232531000000],[2019,240333000000],[2020,257973000000],[2021,285931000000],[2022,291958000000],[2023,296821000000],[2024,313658000000]],"unit":"usd","value":313658000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":77,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.76889],[2017,1.71124],[2018,1.67358],[2019,1.68291],[2020,1.7567],[2021,1.60526],[2022,1.63053],[2023,1.66485],[2024,1.7113]],"unit":"pct","value":1.7113,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":8964.05,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":7,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2475.92,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":27,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,4.35],[2017,4.35],[2018,4.35],[2019,4.15],[2020,3.85],[2021,3.8],[2022,3.65],[2023,3.45],[2024,3.1],[2025,3],[2026,3]],"unit":"pct","value":3,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1387790000],[2017,1396220000],[2018,1402760000],[2019,1407740000],[2020,1411100000],[2021,1412360000],[2022,1412180000],[2023,1410710000],[2024,1408980000],[2025,1406580000]],"unit":"people","value":1406580000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":13,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":11.943,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":1,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3097660000000],[2017,3235680000000],[2018,3168220000000],[2019,3222890000000],[2020,3357240000000],[2021,3427930000000],[2022,3306840000000],[2023,3449540000000],[2024,3456020000000],[2025,3748740000000]],"unit":"usd","value":3748740000000,"year":2025}},"name":"China","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":14.8,"value":501221000000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":4.7,"value":157500000000},{"iso2":"KR","name":"South Korea","share":4.4,"value":148983000000},{"iso2":"VN","name":"Vietnam","share":4.1,"value":137607000000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":3.5,"value":117679000000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":41.7,"value":1408370000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":11.3,"value":381004000000},{"name":"Textiles and clothing","share":8.6,"value":290777000000},{"name":"Metals","share":7.9,"value":268110000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":7.1,"value":241121000000}],"total":3379750000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":6.5,"value":165157000000},{"iso2":"KR","name":"South Korea","share":6.3,"value":161739000000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":6.3,"value":160476000000},{"iso2":"AU","name":"Australia","share":6.1,"value":155641000000},{"iso2":"RU","name":"Russia","share":5.1,"value":129206000000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":29.2,"value":745814000000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":20.2,"value":515914000000},{"name":"Minerals","share":10.1,"value":259493000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":6.8,"value":174721000000},{"name":"Metals","share":5.6,"value":142839000000}],"total":2556760000000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"JP","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Sanae Takaichi","head_of_state":"Naruhito"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":27,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":261000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":5,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1258.55,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":48,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":3.652,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":37,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,3.9],[2017,4],[2018,3.4],[2019,3.4],[2020,2.9],[2021,3.8],[2022,2],[2023,3.6],[2024,4.5],[2025,4.8],[2026,3.8]],"unit":"pct","value":3.8,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":13,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":87.2799,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":73,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":43.62,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":5,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,5431.8],[2015,5363.26],[2016,5295.82],[2017,5354.2],[2018,5317.67],[2019,5205.6],[2020,4825.24],[2021,5029.71],[2022,4996.77],[2023,4858.53],[2024,4794.82]],"unit":"twh","value":4794.82,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":129,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,15.7224],[2017,17.2158],[2018,17.9111],[2019,17.0378],[2020,15.1287],[2021,17.462],[2022,20.6479],[2023,21.0593],[2024,21.9799]],"unit":"pct","value":21.9799,"year":2024},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":9,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":920960000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":62,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.6],[2017,-3],[2018,-2.4],[2019,-3],[2020,-9],[2021,-6.3],[2022,-4.2],[2023,-2.4],[2024,-1.7],[2025,-1.1],[2026,-2]],"unit":"pct","value":-2,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":120,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":1.18502,"year":2025},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":8,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":909.438,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":52,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":33.77,"year":2016},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":4,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5110360000000],[2017,5038230000000],[2018,5154290000000],[2019,5245760000000],[2020,5189200000000],[2021,5225930000000],[2022,4447980000000],[2023,4384850000000],[2024,4190010000000],[2025,4435160000000]],"unit":"usd","value":4435160000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":154,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,0.704986],[2017,1.62345],[2018,0.834144],[2019,-0.308497],[2020,-4.28328],[2021,3.5642],[2022,1.33165],[2023,0.720785],[2024,-0.240084],[2025,1.19311]],"unit":"pct","value":1.19311,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":34,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,40215],[2017,39679.9],[2018,40645.5],[2019,41424.9],[2020,41099],[2021,41580.7],[2022,35548.3],[2023,35215],[2024,33797.1],[2025,35951]],"unit":"usd","value":35951,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":3,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,202.1],[2017,203.1],[2018,203.7],[2019,206.3],[2020,228.8],[2021,222.7],[2022,227.8],[2023,220.3],[2024,214.5],[2025,206.5],[2026,204.4]],"unit":"pct","value":204.4,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":145,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,14.9339],[2017,16.473],[2018,17.8924],[2019,17.3205],[2020,15.3905],[2021,17.9634],[2022,24.2128],[2023,22.5358],[2024,22.873]],"unit":"pct","value":22.873,"year":2024},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":6,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":958382000000,"year":2024},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":10,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,46471300000],[2017,45058500000],[2018,48535900000],[2019,50778000000],[2020,51396500000],[2021,53602000000],[2022,43198200000],[2023,48189100000],[2024,55273900000]],"unit":"usd","value":55273900000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":92,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,0.929517],[2017,0.913229],[2018,0.962497],[2019,0.992231],[2020,1.01676],[2021,1.06384],[2022,1.00994],[2023,1.13955],[2024,1.3714]],"unit":"pct","value":1.3714,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":6,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1782.89,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":79,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":6.198,"year":2016},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":35,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,-0.1],[2017,-0.1],[2018,-0.1],[2019,-0.1],[2020,-0.1],[2021,-0.1],[2022,-0.1],[2023,-0.1],[2024,0.25],[2025,0.75],[2026,1]],"unit":"pct","value":1,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":12,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,127076000],[2017,126972000],[2018,126811000],[2019,126633000],[2020,126261000],[2021,125682000],[2022,125125000],[2023,124517000],[2024,123975000],[2025,123367000]],"unit":"people","value":123367000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":7,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":14.0094,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":3,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1216520000000],[2017,1264140000000],[2018,1270470000000],[2019,1322440000000],[2020,1390810000000],[2021,1405750000000],[2022,1227570000000],[2023,1294640000000],[2024,1230670000000],[2025,1371400000000]],"unit":"usd","value":1371400000000,"year":2025}},"name":"Japan","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":20.2,"value":145131000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":17.6,"value":126440000000},{"iso2":"KR","name":"South Korea","share":6.5,"value":46802100000},{"iso2":"TH","name":"Thailand","share":4.1,"value":29288200000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":2.7,"value":19338200000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":32.2,"value":231493000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":23.7,"value":169815000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":14,"value":100869000000},{"name":"Metals","share":8.7,"value":62267300000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":8.4,"value":60038800000}],"total":717946000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":22.4,"value":168057000000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":10.1,"value":76044000000},{"iso2":"AU","name":"Australia","share":8.6,"value":64535200000},{"iso2":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","share":4.9,"value":36971800000},{"iso2":"SA","name":"Saudi Arabia","share":4.6,"value":34682600000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":25.9,"value":194667000000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":24.5,"value":184420000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":9.3,"value":70160100000},{"name":"Metals","share":4.8,"value":36240300000},{"name":"Textiles and clothing","share":4.3,"value":32479400000}],"total":751750000000,"year":2023}}}],"as_of":"2026-11-01","trackers":[{"age_days":1,"as_of":"2026-10-31","cadence":"daily","changes":{"7d":{"from":0,"from_period":"2026-10-24","pct":null},"prev":{"from":0,"from_period":"2026-10-30","pct":null}},"freq":"daily","history_days":20,"history_since":"2026-10-11","id":"live_ais_taiwan_strait_tanker_transits","internal":false,"name":"Taiwan Strait — tankers crossing (Ohmega AIS count)","new":true,"note":"daily data · latest 31 Oct","outside":false,"outside_note":"","percentile_1y":null,"percentile_window":{"days":20,"n":21,"value":45.2},"plain":"Oil and fuel tankers that crossed Taiwan Strait on a UTC day, counted from ships' public position broadcasts (AIS). A drop can mean fuel flows are being held up.","reasons":[],"source":"Ohmega AIS count (aisstream.io)","source_url":"https://aisstream.io/","spark":[0,0,0,0,0,0,1,0,0,1,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"status":"current","step_key":"prev","step_label":"prior day","unit":"ships/day","unusual":false,"value":0},{"age_days":1,"as_of":"2026-10-31","cadence":"daily","changes":{"7d":{"from":0,"from_period":"2026-10-24","pct":null},"prev":{"from":4,"from_period":"2026-10-30","pct":-100}},"freq":"daily","history_days":20,"history_since":"2026-10-11","id":"live_ais_taiwan_strait_transits","internal":false,"name":"Taiwan Strait — ships crossing (Ohmega AIS count)","new":true,"note":"daily data · latest 31 Oct","outside":false,"outside_note":"","percentile_1y":null,"percentile_window":{"days":20,"n":21,"value":33.3},"plain":"Ships that crossed Taiwan Strait on a UTC day, counted by Ohmega from ships' public position broadcasts (AIS). Coverage is partial, so read the trend, not the exact number.","reasons":[],"source":"Ohmega AIS count (aisstream.io)","source_url":"https://aisstream.io/","spark":[0,6,18,0,0,0,5,0,3,8,0,0,0,0,0,4,0,0,0,4,0],"status":"current","step_key":"prev","step_label":"prior day","unit":"ships/day","unusual":false,"value":0}]},"on_record":[{"about":["Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["TW"],"affiliation":"China","date":"2026-10-24","id":"st_eb3b19d27bba","iso2":"CN","paraphrase":"China's operations off Taiwan's east coast are legitimate and lawful because they are in Chinese waters","quote":"legitimate and lawful,","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"government","signal":"denial","significance":"Beijing's legal justification rejects Taipei's jurisdiction and asserts sovereignty over waters off Taiwan's east coast.","speaker":"China","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/24/2003866530","venue":"statement"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-24","id":"st_9fc238a0545c","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"Taiwanese officials believe China is practicing for a possible maritime blockade using overlapping military, paramilitary and civilian assets","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"officials","signal":"accusation","significance":"Taiwanese assessment that gray-zone coordination is rehearsal for blockade, raising escalation stakes.","speaker":"Taiwanese officials","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/24/2003866530","venue":"statement"},{"about":["China"],"about_iso2":["CN"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-24","id":"st_5d5d0db1eb33","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"The vessels' coordinated activity is part of a broader pattern of Chinese gray zone operations using law-enforcement, scientific and civilian cover to expand Beijing's influence at sea while remaining below the threshold of open conflict","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Coast Guard Administration","signal":"accusation","significance":"Defines Chinese tactic as systematic use of civilian/scientific cover to expand influence below war threshold.","speaker":"Coast Guard Administration","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/24/2003866530","venue":"statement"},{"about":["China"],"about_iso2":["CN"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-28","id":"st_7d26bd491d1d","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"Taiwan is staying vigilant about Chinese vessel activities","quote":"We are staying vigilant about their activities,","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Secretary-General of the National Security Council","signal":"warning","significance":"Signals Taiwan's monitoring posture amid large-scale Chinese naval operations.","speaker":"Joseph Wu","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/30/2003866865","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Japan"],"about_iso2":["CN","JP"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_dc737c9c21ee","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"If the Liaoning carrier group continues north toward Japan after drills in the Philippine Sea, it would suggest a stronger intent to put pressure on Japan's defense posture","quote":"If it keeps moving north, that would suggest a stronger intent to put pressure on Japan's defense posture,","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"senior security official","signal":"warning","significance":"Taiwanese security assessment links potential northward movement of Chinese carrier to pressure on Japan.","speaker":"senior security official","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/30/2003866865","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"China","date":"2026-10-28","id":"st_976a9db813ab","iso2":"CN","paraphrase":"China's 2023 Patriotic Education Law declares a sacred duty to complete the great undertaking of uniting the motherland.","quote":"the sacred duty to complete the great undertaking of uniting the motherland","reported_by":"The Diplomat","role":"Patriotic Education Law","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Codifies support for unification with Taiwan as a legal patriotic obligation, providing domestic legal groundwork for promoting annexation of Taiwan, peaceful or otherwise.","speaker":"Chinese state","stance":-2,"url":"https://thediplomat.com/2026/10/why-are-russia-and-china-cooperating-on-patriotic-education/","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"Government of Taiwan (Executive Yuan)","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_7326833ae630","iso2":"","paraphrase":"External forces have repeatedly sent military aircraft and warships to harass Taiwan, with these activities growing increasingly brazen and extending into Taiwan's territory.","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Premier","signal":"accusation","significance":"Top executive accuses China (as external forces) of escalating military harassment and territorial incursions.","speaker":"Cho Jung-tai","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/28/2003866744","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"Government of Taiwan (Executive Yuan)","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_fde4712aafb9","iso2":"","paraphrase":"The examples cited by Legislator Lin clearly show operations are directed by foreign forces and carried out with assistance of local collaborators, and the case involving DPP Taipei mayoral candidate Puma Shen — where Hong Kongers who allegedly commissioned and funded the operation have fled — is a clear example of how transnational repression is carried out in practice.","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Premier","signal":"accusation","significance":"Attributes specific election-related intimidation operations to foreign direction with local collaborators, citing Shen case as model of transnational repression.","speaker":"Cho Jung-tai","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/28/2003866744","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"Democratic Progressive Party","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_12a4e1714e1d","iso2":"","paraphrase":"China's transnational repression is having a direct impact on Taiwan, citing bulletproof glass installed for DPP Taipei mayoral candidate Puma Shen, surveillance and attacks on comedian Huang Yi-hao allegedly by local collaborators for the Chinese Communist Party, and pressure on television host Kevin Tsai to apologize and deny supporting Taiwan independence.","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Legislator","signal":"accusation","significance":"Opposition legislator frames multiple domestic security incidents as coordinated China-directed transnational repression via local proxies.","speaker":"Michelle Lin","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/28/2003866744","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_daf2b8aa96bd","iso2":"","paraphrase":"He has never supported Taiwan independence and has always hoped for friendly cross-strait relations","quote":"I have always hoped for friendly cross-strait relations. I have never supported Taiwan independence,","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Television host","signal":"denial","significance":"Public disavowal of Taiwan independence by a Taiwan entertainer active in China after criticism for appearing at DPP candidate's event, illustrating cross-strait political pressure on cultural figures.","speaker":"Kevin Tsai","stance":1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/27/2003866697","venue":"other"},{"about":["Taiwan","China"],"about_iso2":["TW","CN"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-25","id":"st_122e7a705caf","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"The domestically-developed Tien Kung IV (Chiang Kung/Strong Bow) program will not enter service until 2028 at the earliest due to production constraints and funding levels, and is intended to provide high-altitude interceptor capability for the planned 'T-Dome' networked air defense matrix to counter advanced ballistic missiles of the Chinese People's Liberation Army","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"defense official","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Defines timeline and strategic purpose of Taiwan's next-generation interceptor against PLA ballistic missile threat","speaker":"defense official","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/25/2003866581","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-24","id":"st_2bd20381b9e9","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"Continued Chinese activity on Taiwan's east coast, an important maritime traffic and supply route, could further increase security pressure on Taiwan","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Coast Guard Administration","signal":"warning","significance":"Highlights strategic vulnerability of Taiwan's east coast supply lines to sustained Chinese presence.","speaker":"Coast Guard Administration","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/24/2003866530","venue":"statement"},{"about":["China"],"about_iso2":["CN"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-24","id":"st_1ceee33a041b","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"The CGA has placed the Minfudingyu 07902 on a priority watchlist, assessing it shows characteristics of Chinese maritime militia activity, and will continue tracking the vessel","quote":"characteristics","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Coast Guard Administration","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Signals formal designation and persistent monitoring of specific militia vessel for future interdictions.","speaker":"Coast Guard Administration","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/24/2003866530","venue":"statement"},{"about":["Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["TW"],"affiliation":"China","date":"2026-10-19","id":"st_daab3a4fd592","iso2":"CN","paraphrase":"Beijing criticized Taiwan for using a water cannon against a Chinese fishing boat near the Pratas Islands (Dongsha Islands).","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Government","signal":"accusation","significance":"Public accusation over enforcement incident near disputed Pratas Islands, marking friction in cross-Strait maritime encounters.","speaker":"Beijing","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/19/2003866232","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Taiwan"],"about_iso2":["CN","TW"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-18","id":"st_7507beddf96d","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"Two executives of drone supplier Jiin Ming Industry Co have been detained and held incommunicado over the company's alleged use of prohibited China-made chips and camera lenses in drones supplied under recent military contracts; prosecutors raided the offices of Jiin Ming, its subsidiaries and its suppliers following a report that the company breached procurement contracts by putting the prohibited components into drones delivered to the military","quote":"","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Taoyuan District Prosecutors' Office","signal":"accusation","significance":"Alleges Chinese-origin components infiltrated Taiwan military drone supply chain, highlighting supply-chain security and counter-intelligence risk in cross-Strait defense procurement.","speaker":"Taoyuan District Prosecutors' Office","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/18/2003866179","venue":"other"},{"about":["China","Indo-Pacific"],"about_iso2":["CN"],"affiliation":"Taiwan","date":"2026-10-29","id":"st_71c43941c7df","iso2":"TW","paraphrase":"","quote":"We are not happy to see any attempt to project deterrence that could undermine peace and stability in the Indo-Pacific region,","reported_by":"Taipei Times","role":"Minister of National Defense","signal":"accusation","significance":"Taiwan's defense minister criticizes Chinese deterrence projection as destabilizing to Indo-Pacific peace.","speaker":"Wellington Koo","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/taiwan/archives/2026/10/30/2003866865","venue":"press_conference"}],"outlook":"Continued east-coast coast guard patrols and radio harassment are likely in the next 7-14 days, given the pattern since June and the Nov 1 two-ship patrol, though large-scale blockade remains unlikely without broader mobilization. Allied Strait-peace messaging is likely to persist as deterrence signaling, while the Type 076/GJ-21 pairing will likely see further trials rather than immediate operational deployment. The Nov 28 local elections raise the likelihood of disinformation and transnational repression warnings from Taipei.","pulses":[{"band":"severe","change_24h":4,"change_7d":4,"id":"pls_china_taiwan_pla_military_pressure_and_blockade_invasion_risk","name":"PLA Military Pressure and Blockade/Invasion Risk","position":56},{"band":"severe","change_24h":1,"change_7d":1,"id":"pls_china_taiwan_cross_strait_political_rupture","name":"Cross-Strait Political Rupture","position":69},{"band":"elevated","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_china_taiwan_external_deterrence_failure_and_intervention_risk","name":"External Deterrence Failure and Intervention Risk","position":30},{"band":"elevated","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_china_taiwan_taiwan_defence_vulnerability","name":"Taiwan Defence Vulnerability","position":36},{"band":"severe","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_us_china_technology_export_control_decoupling","name":"Technology and Export-Control Decoupling","position":65}],"saga":"The United States and China compete for influence over Taiwan, which seeks to preserve its autonomy and economic stability. The rivalry plays out across the Taiwan Strait where military and coast guard incursions probe limits, in markets where selloffs can pressure Taiwan's currency and stocks, and in technology where chipmaking and rare-earth supply chains carry strategic weight.","since_yesterday":[{"kind":"escalated","what":"East-coast pressure moved from instrument-quiet on Oct 24 to active patrol and harassment claims Oct 31-Nov 1, plus a large 53-ship naval presence Oct 29-30 and a new drone-carrier capability Oct 30, while allied trilateral support for Strait peace was reaffirmed Oct 31."}],"temperature":{"coverage":"newly reported","heat":2.38,"prior_share":0,"recent_share":0.0159,"trend":"new"},"theater_id":"thr_us_china_summit_and_strategic_competition","visuals":[{"ai_label":"","as_of":"2026-11-01","asset":"/analytics/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01/anx_dv20261101_1.mapstory.svg","caption":"Oct 29-31 Chinese naval presence from southern Japan to the Philippines, coast guard patrol east of Taiwan, and first GJ-21 launch from the Type 076 Sichuan.","detail":"China multi-domain pressure around Taiwan builds Oct 29-31. Oct 29-31 Chinese naval presence from southern Japan to the Philippines, coast guard patrol east of Taiwan, and first GJ-21 launch from the Type 076 Sichuan. 2026-10-29: 53 ships including 34 warships and carrier Liaoning operate from southern Japan past Taiwan to off the Philippines, showing concurrent pressure.. 2026-10-30: GJ-21 stealth drone completes first catapult takeoff and landing on Type 076 Sichuan, over 40,000 metric tons ship with electromagnetic catapult launched in Shanghai.. 2026-10-31: China Coast Guard patrols waters east of Taiwan with two ships; Taiwan says patrol harasses shipping and asserts fictional jurisdiction with no authority.. 2026-10-31: In Atlanta on G20 sidelines, US, Japan and South Korea emphasize maintaining peace and stability across the Taiwan Strait..","generator":"native","id":"anx_dv20261101_1","kind":"mapstory","model":"","preview":"/analytics/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01/anx_dv20261101_1.mapstory.svg","raster":"","reader_question":"How did China's multi-domain pressure around Taiwan build over Oct 29-31?","schematic":false,"sources":[{"label":"taipeitimes.com","url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/10/30/2003866865"},{"label":"reuters.com","url":"https://www.reuters.com/world/china/china-says-stealth-attack-drone-makes-first-takeoff-landing-amphibious-ship-2026-10-30/"},{"label":"tass.com","url":"https://tass.com/defense/2210893"},{"label":"interestingengineering.com","url":"https://interestingengineering.com/military/china-catapult-capable-drone-carrier"},{"label":"reuters.com","url":"https://www.reuters.com/world/china/chinas-coast-guard-conducts-patrols-east-taiwan-cctv-reports-2026-10-31/"},{"label":"reuters.com","url":"https://www.reuters.com/world/china/taiwan-says-china-harassing-shipping-with-east-coast-patrol-2026-11-01/"},{"label":"taipeitimes.com","url":"https://www.taipeitimes.com/News/front/archives/2026/11/01/2003866945"},{"label":"en.yna.co.kr","url":"https://en.yna.co.kr/view/AEN20261031000552315"},{"label":"aa.com.tr","url":"https://www.aa.com.tr/en/world/us-japan-south-korea-strengthen-partnership-sign-arctic-cooperation-agreement/4107026"}],"spec":"/analytics/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01/anx_dv20261101_1.mapstory.json","title":"China multi-domain pressure around Taiwan builds Oct 29-31"}],"watch_next":["Daily Coast Guard Administration reports on east-coast and Pratas/Dongsha patrols and any radio harassment of commercial shipping","Liaoning carrier group track — whether it moves north toward Japan or returns west, and any PLA Navy activity east of Taiwan in next 7-14 days","Ohmega AIS and ADS-B Strait readings for any rise in military ships or aircraft present, noting short 14-20 day baseline","MAC and National Security Council warnings on disinformation or transnational repression ahead of Nov 28 local elections"]},{"asset_events":[{"asset_id":"og-xx-vessel-riti","claimant":"Oman's Maritime Security Centre","confidence":"high","country":"","date":"2026-10-31","lat":26.5,"lon":56,"name":"RITI","note":"Oman's Maritime Security Centre rescued 25 crew from Panamanian-flagged crude tanker RITI after it was targeted and set ablaze","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.aljazeera.com/video/newsfeed/2026/10/31/iran-says-four-tankers-on-fire-after-striking-mines-in-hormuz","https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/oman-rescues-25-from-burning-ship-iran-halts-tankers","https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/us-centcom-rejects-iranian-reports-vessels-hitting-hormuz-sea-mines"],"status":"confirmed_damaged","type":"vessel"},{"asset_id":"og-sa-refinery-ras-tanura-refinery","claimant":"Houthis","confidence":"high","country":"SA","date":"2026-10-30","lat":26.64,"lon":50.16,"name":"Ras Tanura Refinery","note":"Houthi claims on 30 Oct of six attacks targeting Ras Tanura","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/three-civilians-injured-saudi-coalition-air-raids-hodeidah-houthis-say"],"status":"claimed_struck","type":"refinery"},{"asset_id":"og-sa-refinery-abqaiq-oil-processing-facility","claimant":"Houthis","confidence":"high","country":"SA","date":"2026-10-30","lat":25.93,"lon":49.67,"name":"Abqaiq Oil Processing Facility","note":"Houthi claims on 30 Oct of six attacks targeting Ras Tanura, Abqaiq","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/three-civilians-injured-saudi-coalition-air-raids-hodeidah-houthis-say"],"status":"claimed_struck","type":"refinery"},{"asset_id":"og-sa-airbase-king-khalid-international-airport","claimant":"Houthis","confidence":"high","country":"SA","date":"2026-10-30","lat":24.9576,"lon":46.6988,"name":"King Khalid International Airport","note":"six attacks targeting Ras Tanura, Abqaiq, Riyadh and Dammam airports","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/three-civilians-injured-saudi-coalition-air-raids-hodeidah-houthis-say"],"status":"claimed_struck","type":"airbase"},{"asset_id":"og-sa-airbase-king-khalid-international-airport","claimant":"Houthis","confidence":"high","country":"SA","date":"2026-10-30","lat":24.9576,"lon":46.6988,"name":"King Khalid International Airport","note":"six attacks targeting Ras Tanura, Abqaiq, Riyadh and Dammam airports","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/three-civilians-injured-saudi-coalition-air-raids-hodeidah-houthis-say"],"status":"claimed_struck","type":"airbase"},{"asset_id":"og-sa-refinery-rabigh-refinery","claimant":"Houthis","confidence":"high","country":"SA","date":"2026-10-30","lat":22.7,"lon":39.0333,"name":"Rabigh Refinery","note":"Riyadh and Dammam airports, Rabigh refinery and Najran","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/three-civilians-injured-saudi-coalition-air-raids-hodeidah-houthis-say"],"status":"claimed_struck","type":"refinery"},{"asset_id":"og-sa-airbase-najran-airport","claimant":"Houthis","confidence":"high","country":"SA","date":"2026-10-30","lat":17.61,"lon":44.41,"name":"Najran Airport","note":"Riyadh and Dammam airports, Rabigh refinery and Najran","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/three-civilians-injured-saudi-coalition-air-raids-hodeidah-houthis-say"],"status":"claimed_struck","type":"airbase"}],"bottom_line":"The Strait of Hormuz remains effectively closed after four tankers were set ablaze on 30-31 Oct on what Iran calls unauthorized routes, with no new mine-clearance confirmation to contradict the closure. Diplomacy moved into a Qatari channel with Iran offering a two-day reopening plan tied to sweeping US concessions, while Iran's supreme leader ordered planning for an immediate, geographically unrestricted retaliation and Washington signaled one or two targets remain but no strike decision has been made.","brief_slug":null,"coming_up":[{"confidence":"low","countries":["RU","US"],"date":"2026-11-01","end_date":"","kind":"vote","source":"corpus","title":"It would have extended MINURSO to 31 Oct 2027 and","url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/sc16498"},{"confidence":"high","countries":["US"],"date":"2026-11-02","end_date":"","kind":"earnings","source":"earnings","title":"Apple quarterly earnings","url":"https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/earnings"},{"confidence":"medium","countries":["US"],"date":"2026-11-03","end_date":"","kind":"election","source":"elections","title":"United States: Senate and House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_national_electoral_calendar"},{"confidence":"high","countries":["US"],"date":"2026-11-10","end_date":"","kind":"commodity_report","source":"wasde","title":"USDA WASDE crop supply and demand report","url":"https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/general-information/staff-offices/office-chief-economist/commodity-markets/wasde-report"}],"context":[{"source":"https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/trump-says-us-still-has-one-or-two-targets-in-iran","verification":"researched","what":"The US-Israel war on Iran began 28 Feb 2026 as Operation Epic Fury / Operation Roaring Lion; Iran's response is Operation True Promise IV.","when":"2026-02-28","why_relevant":"Frames current US warnings of renewed strikes and Iran's unrestricted-retaliation order as continuation of same war, not a new conflict."},{"source":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/oct/22/us-diplomats-told-to-leave-saudi-arabia-amid-houthi-attacks","verification":"researched","what":"At least 21 people killed in Houthi attacks on Saudi airports since early Oct, including 13 killed and 308 injured in 10 Oct missile strike on King Khalid International Airport in Riyadh.","when":"2026-10-10","why_relevant":"Explains scale of Houthi-Saudi escalation that underlies current six-target Houthi claims and Saudi coalition retaliation on Sanaa and Hodeida."},{"source":"https://www.aa.com.tr/en/us-israel-iran-war/irans-navy-reports-oil-tanker-fire-in-gulf-of-oman/4091077","verification":"researched","what":"On 15-16 Oct Iran's navy reported a container ship sank after striking a naval mine south of the strait and an oil tanker caught fire in Gulf of Oman while using a restricted area with tracking off.","when":"2026-10-16","why_relevant":"Shows mine hazard in Hormuz predates 30-31 Oct four-tanker fires and informs dispute over whether primary routes are cleared."}],"developments":[{"actors":["Iran","Qatar","United States"],"detail":"On 30-31 Oct Iranian negotiators held talks in Doha with Qatari mediators after 12+ hours of Iran-Qatar talks in Tehran, coordinated with Washington. Foreign Minister Abbas Araghchi said Iran and mediators have a proposal to reopen the Strait within two days if the US meets Tehran's conditions, shortening a seven-day plan from September. Conditions include lifting sanctions imposed after the Islamabad memorandum, reducing US forces in region, restoring oil waivers, releasing about $6 billion frozen in Qatar, and recognition of an Iran-Oman discussed route while closing others. Security chief Mohsen Rezaei said he read a letter from US Vice President JD Vance and Washington's tone had completely changed.","headline":"Iran holds Doha talks via Qatar on 31 Oct and offers two-day Hormuz reopening plan tied to US concessions","place":{"country":"Qatar","lat":25.2854,"lon":51.531,"name":"Doha"},"significance":"Creates a concrete, time-bound diplomatic off-ramp for the chokepoint but makes reopening conditional on major US concessions, testing whether Washington will trade sanctions/force posture for flows.","sources":["https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/31/iran-fm-says-us-outreach-a-positive-step-as-delegation-in-qatar-for-talks","https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/11/1/iran-war-live-araghchi-says-talks-under-way-on-2-day-plan-to-reopen-hormuz"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Doha, Qatar"},{"actors":["Iran","United States","Israel"],"detail":"On 31 Oct Supreme Leader Mojtaba Khamenei warned the US and Israel against new attacks and ordered commanders to deliver an immediate, effective response without geographical limitations and to update target lists to include all tangible and intangible assets of the American-Zionist enemy.","headline":"Khamenei orders forces on 31 Oct to prepare immediate unrestricted response including all US-Israeli assets","place":{"country":"Iran","lat":35.6892,"lon":51.389,"name":"Tehran"},"significance":"Raises retaliation risk beyond military bases if US strikes resume, widening potential targets and complicating allied de-escalation efforts.","sources":["https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/trump-says-us-still-has-one-or-two-targets-in-iran","https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/10/31/iran-war-live-oil-tankers-hit-in-hormuz-trump-says-conflict-will-end-soon"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Tehran, Iran"},{"actors":["Iran","United States","Oman"],"detail":"On 30-31 Oct IRGC Navy said four tankers struck naval mines and caught fire in the Strait of Hormuz while using unauthorized routes, including a supertanker carrying about two million barrels. Oman's Maritime Security Centre rescued 25 crew from Panamanian-flagged crude tanker RITI after it was targeted and set ablaze. UK Maritime Trade Operations said a ship 40 nautical miles south of Lavan island was struck by an unknown projectile causing fire, crew safe. Iran halted tanker transits. On 28 Oct US Central Command had said claims vessels hit mines are false and all internationally recognized primary routes have been cleared; on 25 Oct CENTCOM Commander Adm Brad Cooper visited the strait and said primary routes remain free and clear and US helped Gulf partners export over 1.5 billion barrels via 3,000+ vessels in six months.","headline":"Four tankers reported on fire after mine and projectile strikes in Strait of Hormuz on 30-31 Oct; Oman rescues 25 and Iran halts tankers","place":{"country":"sea","lat":26.5,"lon":56.25,"name":"Strait of Hormuz"},"significance":"Directly contradicts US clearance claims and keeps the world's key oil chokepoint effectively closed, sustaining severe supply disruption with no new clearance confirmation.","sources":["https://www.aljazeera.com/video/newsfeed/2026/10/31/iran-says-four-tankers-on-fire-after-striking-mines-in-hormuz","https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/oman-rescues-25-from-burning-ship-iran-halts-tankers","https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/us-centcom-rejects-iranian-reports-vessels-hitting-hormuz-sea-mines"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Strait of Hormuz"},{"actors":["United States","Iran"],"detail":"On 31 Oct President Donald Trump said the US has knocked out much of Iran's military and nuclear programme but still has to take care of one or two targets including a suspected underground complex at Pickaxe Mountain, saying it could be done in 10 minutes. Secretary of State Marco Rubio said Trump has not made a decision about fresh strikes and the US would be open to a diplomatic solution. US officials had told regional allies on 28 Oct to prepare for possible Iran strikes and retaliation after the US midterm elections.","headline":"Trump says one or two Iran targets remain including Pickaxe Mountain on 31 Oct; Rubio says no strike decision made","place":null,"significance":"Keeps immediate strike threat alive while signaling decision not yet taken, leaving allies balancing preparation for retaliation against the Doha diplomatic track.","sources":["https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/trump-says-us-still-has-one-or-two-targets-in-iran","https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/31/iran-fm-says-us-outreach-a-positive-step-as-delegation-in-qatar-for-talks","https://apnews.com/article/trump-iran-strikes-midterm-elections-c7df622f1e87de6035173be8fb8c4add"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Washington, United States"},{"actors":["Houthis","United Nations"],"detail":"On 1 Nov the UN demanded an independent investigation into the death of OHCHR staffer Mohammad el-Shami in Houthi custody in Yemen; he had been arbitrarily held since 6 June 2024 with more than 60 UN/NGO workers accused of being an American-Israeli spy network, his family was informed more than a month after his death, and UN High Commissioner Volker Turk and Secretary-General Antonio Guterres called for transparency and immediate release of seven other OHCHR staff still held. A total of 72 UN staffers and NGO workers have been detained, with a second UN staffer death in custody in Feb 2025.","headline":"UN demands investigation on 1 Nov after OHCHR staffer dies in Houthi custody; seven other staff still held","place":{"country":"Yemen","lat":15.3694,"lon":44.191,"name":"Sanaa"},"significance":"Spotlights Houthi detention practices and increases international pressure on the group as Saudi-Houthi strikes continue, but does not directly affect Hormuz shipping.","sources":["https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/11/1/un-demands-investigation-after-staffers-death-in-houthi-custody-in-yemen","https://news.un.org/feed/view/en/story/2026/10/1168716"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-11-01","where":"Sanaa, Yemen"},{"actors":["Saudi-led coalition","Houthis"],"detail":"On 1 Nov at least three civilians were wounded in two Saudi-led coalition air raids on an oil facility in Bajil district, Hodeidah governorate, according to Houthi-affiliated Al Masirah TV. The claim follows Houthi claims on 30 Oct of six attacks targeting Ras Tanura, Abqaiq, Riyadh and Dammam airports, Rabigh refinery and Najran, and Saudi intercepts of missiles toward Riyadh, Taif and Yanbu in prior days.","headline":"Three civilians reported wounded in Saudi-led coalition air raids on Hodeidah oil facility on 1 Nov, Houthis say","place":{"country":"Yemen","lat":14.8,"lon":43.25,"name":"Hodeidah"},"significance":"Indicates Saudi-Houthi air campaign continues alongside Hormuz crisis, but single Houthi-affiliated source means casualty and target details remain unverified.","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/three-civilians-injured-saudi-coalition-air-raids-hodeidah-houthis-say"],"statements":[],"verification":"reported","when":"2026-11-01","where":"Hodeidah, Yemen"}],"edition":1,"escalation":{"direction":"rising","pace":"gradual"},"headline":"Iran offers two-day Hormuz reopening as Khamenei orders unrestricted retaliation and tanker fires keep strait closed.","key_figures":[{"as_of":"2024-01-01","baseline":2.6,"baseline_label":"available bypass pipeline capacity","label":"Strait of Hormuz oil flow","source":"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=65504","unit":"million barrels per day","value":20},{"as_of":"2026-10-31","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"Commercial vessels redirected by US blockade against Iran","source":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/10/31/iran-war-live-oil-tankers-hit-in-hormuz-trump-says-conflict-will-end-soon","unit":"vessels","value":144},{"as_of":"2026-10-25","baseline":17,"baseline_label":"prior week","label":"Bab el-Mandeb daily tanker transits","source":"https://portwatch.imf.org/","unit":"ships/day","value":13}],"live_rollup":{"abnormal":[],"countries":["Iran","Oman","Saudi Arabia","Yemen"],"day":"2026-11-01","normal":["Strait of Hormuz","Bab el-Mandeb","Persian Gulf and Hormuz","Red Sea"],"provenance":"ohmega_derived"},"map":{"annotations":[{"kind":"chokepoint","lat":26.57,"lines":["2 ships/day · 101 a year ago","as of 25 Oct"],"lon":56.25,"series_id":"chk_hormuz_transits","source":"IMF PortWatch","title":"Strait of Hormuz","x":649,"y":416.4},{"kind":"chokepoint","lat":12.58,"lines":["36 ships/day · 42 a year ago","as of 25 Oct"],"lon":43.33,"series_id":"chk_bab_el_mandeb_transits","source":"IMF PortWatch","title":"Bab el-Mandeb","x":352.8,"y":771},{"kind":"chokepoint","lat":30.46,"lines":["46 ships/day · 47 a year ago","as of 25 Oct"],"lon":32.35,"series_id":"chk_suez_transits","source":"IMF PortWatch","title":"Suez Canal","x":101.1,"y":317.8},{"kind":"chokepoint","lat":41.12,"lines":["62 ships/day · 100 a year ago","as of 25 Oct"],"lon":29.07,"series_id":"chk_bosporus_transits","source":"IMF PortWatch","title":"Bosporus","x":25.9,"y":47.7}],"bbox":[27.938,7.489,71.562,43],"cities":[{"capital":true,"name":"Tehran","x":538.3,"y":185.7},{"capital":true,"name":"Sanaa","x":372.9,"y":700.6},{"capital":true,"name":"Doha","x":540.9,"y":448.9},{"capital":true,"name":"Cairo","x":75.9,"y":328.2},{"capital":true,"name":"Baghdad","x":377.2,"y":244.8},{"capital":true,"name":"Khartoum","x":105.3,"y":694.7},{"capital":true,"name":"Riyadh","x":430.6,"y":465.5},{"capital":true,"name":"Ankara","x":112.9,"y":77.8},{"capital":true,"name":"Kabul","x":945.4,"y":215},{"capital":true,"name":"Addis Ababa","x":246.7,"y":860.8},{"capital":true,"name":"Damascus","x":191.6,"y":240.7},{"capital":true,"name":"Tashkent","x":947.4,"y":43},{"capital":true,"name":"Baku","x":502.5,"y":66},{"capital":true,"name":"Kuwait City","x":459.3,"y":345.4},{"capital":true,"name":"Beirut","x":173.5,"y":231.3},{"capital":true,"name":"Yerevan","x":379.9,"y":71.4},{"capital":true,"name":"Tbilisi","x":386.3,"y":32.3},{"capital":true,"name":"Dushanbe","x":936.1,"y":112.5},{"capital":true,"name":"Amman","x":183.2,"y":280},{"capital":true,"name":"Jerusalem","x":166.6,"y":284.4},{"capital":true,"name":"Djibouti","x":348.7,"y":795.9},{"capital":true,"name":"Muscat","x":697.8,"y":492.1},{"capital":true,"name":"Ashgabat","x":697.9,"y":128},{"capital":true,"name":"Asmara","x":252,"y":701.2},{"capital":true,"name":"Abu Dhabi","x":605.8,"y":469.7},{"capital":true,"name":"Manama","x":519.1,"y":424.9},{"capital":true,"name":"Hargeisa","x":369.7,"y":847.5},{"capital":true,"name":"Nicosia","x":124.4,"y":198.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Karachi","x":895.2,"y":459.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Istanbul","x":23.8,"y":50.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Jeddah","x":258.6,"y":544.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Aleppo","x":211.6,"y":171.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Isfahan","x":544.7,"y":261},{"capital":false,"name":"Tabriz","x":420.9,"y":124.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Mosul","x":348.5,"y":168.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Rajkot","x":982.5,"y":524.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Shiraz","x":564.6,"y":338.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Medina","x":266.8,"y":468.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Tarsus","x":159.1,"y":154.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Kermanshah","x":438.3,"y":218.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Antalya","x":63.3,"y":154.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Quetta","x":896,"y":323.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Trabzon","x":270.1,"y":51.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Diyarbakır","x":281.8,"y":128.7},{"capital":false,"name":"Samsun","x":192.7,"y":43.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Luxor","x":108,"y":438.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Zahedan","x":754,"y":342.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Rasht","x":497.2,"y":144.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Kerman","x":668,"y":321.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Tabuk","x":197.5,"y":370.4}],"countries":[{"d":"M576.5 667.9L564.9 672.4L559.1 676.9L555.6 685.4L556.6 693L536 703.9L517.8 708.7L509.6 713.4L490.8 718.8L483.9 723.4L475.2 733.7L466.3 735L459.7 733.8L446.3 743.6L432.1 748.5L406.2 751.7L400.1 758.6L394.9 760.4L392 765L385.5 766.3L382.4 765L376.4 768.7L368.3 770.3L359.8 766.8L356.4 768L350.6 753.6L351.7 742.8L347.3 734.7L343.8 711.2L342 706.3L337.4 703.7L338.3 701.4L340.4 702.9L340.7 701.4L338.8 693L341.6 683.5L340.7 674.9L349.1 666.8L347.9 660.4L348.8 653.8L350.7 652.2L349.6 649.8L354.8 645.9L366.3 650.7L371.8 648.8L394.5 648.1L403.4 651.3L421.2 653.1L430.7 652.2L436.4 660.1L440.3 660.3L447.1 656.1L450.2 647.6L463.8 629.6L483.8 618.9L551.1 608.4ZM340.4 735.7L338.3 734.8L339.8 733.3ZM592 769.5L601.7 768.8L609.1 771.7L600.4 776.5L591 777.6L581.7 772.2L586.8 767.5Z","name":"Yemen"},{"d":"M985.9 19.1L987.9 18.1L992.4 21.2L983.8 24.6L982.6 27.3L978.7 28.5L968.3 37L975 40.2L980 39.3L982.1 44L989.7 46.8L996.1 47.6L996.8 42L1000 42.6L1000 70.7L994.1 68.8L978 70.6L972.8 64.9L981.4 57.3L973.4 49.8L970.9 53.4L957.6 59.4L949.5 56.6L946 61.7L948.2 67.7L946.3 68.7L947.6 71L932.8 71.8L940.6 73.8L936.8 74.8L938.3 78.4L933 80.1L931.8 85.3L929 87.8L911.9 85.6L906.7 88.2L903.6 95.9L910.3 98.1L911.3 101.5L920.7 102.3L920.4 114.7L926.4 121.4L925.1 125.9L914.1 139.7L912.8 147.7L907.3 145.3L899.9 146.1L897 143.6L891.5 142.7L884.5 143.2L884.6 132.2L886.9 128.5L885.7 126.5L871.8 120.5L863.6 120.7L833.8 102L830.4 102.6L821.2 97.3L791.9 76.7L789.4 67.6L783 58.7L778.6 48.3L769.3 43.7L763.4 45.9L745.4 45.1L737 40.6L738.1 35.6L736.7 31.4L739.6 30.3L733.6 26L734.6 20L731.7 17.9L720.2 17.2L715.7 12.4L709.2 11.1L702.6 5.6L700.1 8.6L695.1 7.9L692.6 9.4L700 17.8L689.8 13L684.9 20.5L672.9 22.2L665.4 29L666.6 39.3L668.9 41.8L666.6 44L642.8 42.5L642.7 0L866 0L868 3.1L874.8 0.2L872.7 25.2L883.9 25.5L888.8 46.2L916.9 45.7L920.9 50L919.4 55.5L929.7 60.6L932.1 59.3L931.7 53.8L941 45.5L942.8 41.4L966.4 29.9L973.7 23.4L977.6 24.4L980.6 21.1ZM991.8 78.8L987.4 78.7L986.6 72.7L992.4 74.8Z","name":"Uzbekistan"},{"d":"M650.1 439.7L651.6 441.8L652.2 456.7L644.7 462.8L642.6 459.8L643.3 457.4L641.3 456.9L638.6 459.5L637.8 475.4L641.6 476.1L642.9 479.9L631.1 483L632 488.5L624.9 506L624.6 514.4L623.1 516.4L564.3 508.6L541.8 478.3L542.5 473L543.9 475.2L546.2 475.1L546.8 479.6L549.4 481.9L557.3 481.7L566.4 477.6L595 479.6L606.5 474.5L614.5 461L641.9 436.1L645.1 429.3L647.1 429.7L646.6 438.7ZM649.7 450.2L648.6 448.5L648.1 450.8ZM582.1 475L578.9 474.2L584 471.1ZM595.8 477.1L589 477.2L593.6 475ZM608.1 470.3L605.1 469.6L606.6 468.7Z","name":"United Arab Emirates"},{"d":"M642.8 42.5L666.6 44L668.9 41.8L666.6 39.3L665.4 29L672.9 22.2L684.9 20.5L689.8 13L700 17.8L692.6 9.4L695.1 7.9L700.1 8.6L702.6 5.6L709.2 11.1L715.7 12.4L720.2 17.2L731.7 17.9L734.6 20L733.6 26L739.6 30.3L736.7 31.4L738.1 35.6L737 40.6L745.4 45.1L763.4 45.9L769.3 43.7L778.6 48.3L783 58.7L789.4 67.6L791.9 76.7L821.2 97.3L830.4 102.6L833.8 102L863.6 120.7L871.8 120.5L885.7 126.5L886.9 128.5L884.6 132.2L884.5 143.2L875 141.6L867.1 137.6L862.3 145.7L851.6 146L845.4 148.7L838.4 168.8L826.9 177.1L806.7 181.3L807.6 185.6L805 191.5L796.6 196.3L787.9 198.4L780.4 191.5L772.1 191.8L765.8 186.8L763.9 187.1L763.7 180.8L761.4 178L762.7 172.6L760.6 161.1L742.8 161.3L736.4 153L722.5 145.7L719 139.1L707.8 134.8L695.1 135.2L688.7 131L674.3 127.4L670.6 121.2L653.4 120.4L649.5 124.7L629.1 125.4L618.1 132.4L613.5 140.2L601.8 143.6L595.5 143.4L593.4 128.6L594.4 102.7L590.7 96.1L582.2 92.7L578.1 94.7L577.4 90.4L579.9 86L583.4 87.8L588.3 87.5L585.3 84.4L585.7 78.3L574.2 76.4L573.4 78.7L575.3 81.8L570 74.7L568.4 65.9L573.2 49.7L577.8 55.1L588.6 55.3L594.4 59.6L606.1 58.5L604.7 54.9L613.1 53.9L613.6 48.9L599.6 37.5L592.9 22.4L578.3 23L573.8 26L570.3 32.7L571.8 34.2L571.1 45.6L562.9 30.9L575.8 21.6L600.2 16.9L617 26.2L630.3 43.2Z","name":"Turkmenistan"},{"d":"M311.1 37.6L318.3 39.7L320.6 38.1L333 39.6L336.3 36L340.4 36.4L350 45.7L355.2 46.8L359.7 52.5L361.8 57.8L358.3 63.8L361.5 71.8L360.5 72.8L366.9 75.5L377.4 76.1L386.9 84.9L381.6 81.9L378.6 84.5L377.1 90.7L368.7 91.8L372.3 97.7L372.1 103L374.4 105.5L375 116.9L378.5 118.3L373 129.1L381.7 134.1L381.3 141L386.4 144.7L385.7 148.5L382.1 147.6L374.7 152.6L370.8 144.4L360.8 146.3L347.4 142.8L340.1 142.6L330.6 149.3L327 144.5L323.7 146.9L311.2 149.8L292.7 149.6L276.9 156.5L261.7 160.1L248.2 159.9L240.8 155.6L235 154.6L217.7 161.1L209.2 160.9L206.4 158.2L199.9 157.1L197.1 165.8L199.4 171.5L193.4 173.1L192.8 177.3L187.7 181.7L182.3 179.5L183.8 177.5L180.5 169.6L189.1 160.7L188.9 157L185.9 154.3L174.2 162.3L170.9 162.8L155.1 156.7L132 172.8L111.3 176.5L101.8 172.8L93.6 163.9L75.7 156.6L62 155.5L57.5 170.6L52.6 169.6L40.1 173.4L29.5 169.2L25.2 159.8L20.1 160.3L8.4 156.8L5.9 160L1.9 161.3L3.3 158.4L0 158.6L0 156.9L7 151.3L0 151.6L0 63.4L0.6 66.7L24.5 66.2L25.6 65.3L19.5 62.5L23.4 60.1L43.7 57.3L32.7 55.5L27 52.3L25.4 50.5L27.7 45.1L45.4 46.9L55.2 45.7L65.8 48.5L76 48L80.7 42.6L100.1 32.2L122.6 25.2L156.2 26.4L162 23.8L165.4 24.7L164.7 28.1L168.7 32.2L174.7 34.6L186 33.4L188.9 39.9L194.1 43.7L202.6 41.5L209.2 46L239.4 52.6L263.3 48L272.1 51.1L282.6 51.7L301.3 44.1ZM1.7 26.1L1.1 29L6 36.6L25.7 44.9L23.3 50.5L19.3 51.4L5.4 48.7L0 50.8L0 25.9Z","name":"Turkey"},{"d":"M912.8 147.7L914.1 139.7L925.1 125.9L926.4 121.4L920.4 114.7L919.4 109.8L921.4 103.2L911.3 101.5L910.3 98.1L903.6 95.9L905.2 89.6L911.9 85.6L929 87.8L931.8 85.3L933 80.1L938.3 78.4L936.8 74.8L940.6 73.8L932.8 71.8L947.6 71L946.3 68.7L948.2 67.7L946 61.7L949.5 56.6L957.6 59.4L970.9 53.4L972.7 50L974.3 50.1L981.4 57.7L972.7 66.3L976.4 67.8L978 70.6L986.2 70L985.9 71.3L979 73.9L976 77.3L974.5 74.8L963.4 70.9L958.8 72L953.4 73.6L952.2 78.1L948.3 76.8L946.5 82.1L948.1 88.1L975.7 86.5L982.5 91.4L998.7 86.6L1000 89.9L1000 157.3L997 148.8L1000 128.6L993.5 128.8L994.7 122.4L993 118.9L984.3 115.2L978.3 118.3L969.1 128.6L970 135.2L968.5 137.3L952.6 138.1L950.4 142L950.8 146.8L948.2 149.1L939.3 143.6L919.9 153.3ZM980.3 80.5L977 81.3L975.3 79Z","name":"Tajikistan"},{"d":"M182.3 179.5L188.3 181.6L192.8 177.3L193.4 173.1L199.4 171.5L197.1 165.8L199.9 157.1L206.4 158.2L209.2 160.9L217.7 161.1L235 154.6L240.8 155.6L248.2 159.9L261.7 160.1L276.9 156.5L292.7 149.6L311.2 149.8L323.7 146.9L327 144.5L330.6 149.3L317.5 162.3L309 164.4L306.2 167.7L305.1 175.6L307.5 186.5L304.4 195.5L303.9 208.6L299.1 217.2L248.4 244L203.6 270.8L193.3 269L179.9 260.2L182.2 254.9L180 245L185.6 238.6L183.5 236.5L184.1 234.9L186.9 232.4L193.2 232.2L191.2 230L198.2 222.5L196.4 217.1L192.4 215.4L194.7 212.6L193.6 211.4L184.3 212.2L182.2 204.1L182.6 192.1L179.4 188.3Z","name":"Syria"},{"d":"M0 900L0 849.2L2.5 853.4L20.8 853.4L20.7 850.1L23.9 846.6L35.2 842.2L38.2 838.3L38.2 834.7L47.3 829.3L64.6 843.2L75.3 841.4L88.3 826.6L91.6 819.6L102.8 808.8L100.9 803L100.9 793L94.8 785.5L110 785.4L109.7 780L120.6 780.2L117.7 795.7L119 817.5L124.5 819.8L136.8 831.8L138.1 839.9L136 848.9L140.7 850L141.3 869.9L137.9 875.8L122.5 876L116 889.6L121.2 893.1L131.3 895.4L137.2 900Z","name":"S. Sudan"},{"d":"M140.7 850L136 848.9L138.1 839.9L136.8 831.8L124.5 819.8L119 817.5L117.7 795.7L120.6 780.2L109.7 780L110 785.4L94.8 785.5L100.9 793L100.9 803L102.8 808.8L91.6 819.6L88.3 826.6L75.3 841.4L64.6 843.2L47.3 829.3L38.2 834.7L38.2 838.3L35.2 842.2L23.9 846.6L20.7 850.1L20.8 853.4L2.5 853.4L0 849.2L0 532.3L75 532.4L79.4 527.1L81.3 528.5L80.1 532.3L204.8 532.3L206.1 542.7L213.7 554.8L213.6 556.6L211.2 554.9L211 558L212.9 568.8L212.2 579.9L213.4 593.5L218.5 612.8L224.5 616L235.3 627.3L237.1 626.3L244.6 633.5L236.5 644.1L220.3 650.7L217.1 657.4L207.9 657.5L205.2 668.5L205.8 676.8L194.6 706.3L196.8 728.5L193.8 744.5L188.5 758L187.7 766.5L177.2 769.9L164.5 790.3L160.3 814.4L156.6 817.4L152.1 814L146.8 819.7L145.3 823L146.1 831.5Z","name":"Sudan"},{"d":"M447.3 900L459.4 887.1L481.4 850.3L481.4 804.5L508.3 797.6L516.4 792.6L520.3 787.1L523.9 786.1L534.5 790L530.6 802.5L531.9 819.7L529.4 825.1L533 824.2L533.1 822.3L537.1 824.3L537.5 826.6L533.4 825.4L527.1 827.9L524.6 850.8L508.1 882L502.3 888L498.4 900Z","name":"Somalia"},{"d":"M481.4 804.5L481.4 850.3L459.4 887.1L436.5 887.1L368.7 862.1L354.3 849.5L349.4 839.4L341.6 831.2L337.4 821.1L350.9 798.3L355.4 802.2L364.8 816.5L377.1 825.5L389.8 825.3L409.8 815.2L427 817.4L446.2 806.6L460.3 807.5L473 802.9Z","name":"Somaliland"},{"d":"M205.5 446.5L197 441L197 438.7L206.7 445.7ZM322.1 666.2L323.8 666.3L323.7 663.9L326.3 666.3L326 669.8L324 667.3L320 667L317.2 662.8L319.1 661.7L319.1 658.9L321.2 660.6ZM551.1 608.4L483.8 618.9L463.8 629.6L450.2 647.6L447.1 656.1L440.3 660.3L436.4 660.1L430.7 652.2L421.2 653.1L403.4 651.3L394.5 648.1L371.8 648.8L366.3 650.7L354.8 645.9L349.6 649.8L350.7 652.2L348.8 653.8L347.9 660.4L349.1 666.8L340.7 674.9L338.4 665.6L331.1 655.8L329.1 647.9L316.6 636.5L304.7 616.4L302.1 606.2L293.9 589.1L278.3 576.2L270.3 573L259.9 558.2L255.7 549.7L256.9 544.4L253.3 535.2L255.8 522.3L255 517.2L241.3 488.8L228.8 476.8L220.2 474.2L211.9 460.8L213.8 457.2L211.1 448.8L205.9 439.9L202.3 437.2L200.3 429.9L196.7 428.2L190.5 415.8L166 379.3L155.5 376.9L153.3 378.5L160.8 345.9L186.4 349.7L195.7 342.3L202.1 332.9L218.5 329.6L222.6 321.1L230.2 316.8L206.8 291.7L252.7 278.9L256.9 275.6L285 280.3L324 302.1L384 349.7L446.9 355.1L452.3 366.7L470 366.4L478.4 382.8L478.2 387.2L488.3 393L486.8 394.4L492.1 400.9L495.1 401.7L509.2 414.1L505.9 413.7L506.4 417.5L510.6 423L509.3 428.3L506.5 428L507.6 431.8L525.3 464.3L527.9 467L538.1 467.1L535.8 472.9L541.7 474.3L542.2 479.5L564.3 508.6L622.7 516.5L624.6 514.4L635 532.2L619.8 583Z","name":"Saudi Arabia"},{"d":"M448.2 0L451.5 2.5L453.6 8.1L468.7 26.5L473 29.3L468.9 35.4L461.2 39.1L455.1 45.6L444.2 43.5L440.2 37.6L431.2 30.1L427.1 30.4L426.4 28.6L413 24.5L405.8 20.2L407.8 13.3L406.1 12.2L399 11.9L394.8 8.2L388.2 6.2L385.9 9.7L383 6.7L379.8 6.4L364.2 10.9L362.2 9.7L363.2 6.4L346.9 0Z","name":"Russia"},{"d":"M534.8 466.2L527.9 467L525.3 464.3L523 446.1L528.7 431.3L534.7 427L541.1 433.3L539.8 442.9L542.6 454.9L538.5 464.6Z","name":"Qatar"},{"d":"M1000 383.3L982.5 387.5L977.2 380.6L971.5 380.6L954.3 401.1L952 410.5L958.1 415L967.6 418L966.5 433.1L970.3 438.3L979.1 439.3L979.1 445.5L988.2 464.1L986.4 467L988.1 471.4L980.6 475.5L977.5 474.5L976.7 470.9L975.4 471.1L966.4 474.3L964.7 476.7L959.7 477.4L954.1 474.6L937.3 474.9L936.3 473.6L935 482.4L924.8 483.4L921 487.8L915.1 484L914.2 485.9L910.8 486.3L910.2 483.6L908.3 484.5L902.5 477.1L899.4 462.4L888.6 459.7L888.5 450.5L884.7 443.9L879.9 440.9L875.5 443.7L880.7 443.3L883.2 444.9L844.5 448.4L841.8 451.5L828 446L825.2 447.5L816.5 447.2L815 450.9L796 449.5L788 452.8L785.4 450.5L778.7 452.9L770.9 451.5L773.1 437.2L775.2 434.8L777.2 425.1L783.7 421.5L786.3 421.8L790.9 416.6L807.4 414.4L810.6 401.7L807.6 399.1L798.3 399.2L799.4 392.9L798.2 374L793.8 374.2L788.9 369.7L778.3 366.3L772.2 360.1L765.2 345.4L754.3 333.1L791.7 344.5L816.7 342.2L828.9 344.9L835.7 341L851.8 340.6L877.8 332.9L879.7 330.3L878 326.7L880.5 309.1L891.5 297.5L893.7 296.4L905.8 298.2L912.3 295.4L908.7 291.3L918.7 287L922 283.8L928.5 285L932.1 283.8L938.3 288.1L947.7 280.4L946.8 267.8L952.8 252.9L962.4 250.6L970.2 246.1L970.7 244.1L967.3 237.7L961.2 230.7L961.7 227.9L964.1 226.8L979.2 229.3L988.3 226.8L989.3 218.7L986.3 214.7L1000 199.8L1000 188.7L996.2 180.5L991.4 176.4L1000 167.5Z","name":"Pakistan"},{"d":"M705.7 577.4L703.8 577.6L703.8 574.4L709.4 565.7L710.9 569.8ZM576.5 667.9L551.1 608.4L619.8 583L635 532.2L624.6 514.4L624.9 506L632 488.5L631.1 483L642.9 479.9L641.6 476.1L637.8 475.4L638.6 459.5L641.3 456.9L643.3 457.4L642.6 459.8L644.7 462.8L652.2 456.7L658 469.6L669 482L696.6 491.1L702.4 490.6L706.8 493.8L721.9 515.5L730.9 519.3L730.4 526.7L720.6 544.9L709.7 554.7L700 572.6L693.9 572.2L694.7 567.7L693 568L686 576.7L682.6 591.1L684.8 607.8L670.2 610.7L662.2 614.5L658.3 618.7L655.9 629.4L652.1 633.9L631.3 637.6L626.2 644.1L626.7 650.8L621.8 658L615.1 659.8L610.4 658.2L599 658.8L588.5 665ZM650.1 439.7L646.6 438.7L647.1 429.7L645.1 429.3L652 421.8L652.8 428.1ZM649.7 450.2L648.1 450.8L648.6 448.5Z","name":"Oman"},{"d":"M184.3 212.2L193.6 211.4L194.7 212.6L192.4 215.4L196.4 217.1L198.2 222.5L191.2 230L193.2 232.2L185.2 233.6L183.5 236.5L185.3 239.2L174.1 247.1L173.2 250.4L164.4 251.3L175.9 227.3L176.7 221.8L184.3 214.2Z","name":"Lebanon"},{"d":"M986.2 70L994.1 68.8L1000 70.7L1000 42.6L996.8 42L996.1 47.6L989.7 46.8L982.1 44L980 39.3L975 40.2L968.3 36.2L982.6 27.3L983.8 24.6L992.4 21.2L987.9 18.1L985.9 19.1L984.7 16.7L993 6.8L1000 5.8L1000 89.9L997.9 86.1L982.5 91.4L975.7 86.5L948.1 88.1L946.9 80.4L948.3 76.8L952.2 78.1L953.4 73.6L958.8 72L963.4 70.9L974.5 74.8L976 77.3ZM991.8 78.8L992.4 74.8L986.6 72.7L987.4 78.7ZM980.3 80.5L975.3 79L977 81.3Z","name":"Kyrgyzstan"},{"d":"M466.2 339L464 339.3L461.8 334.6L464.1 330L467.9 335ZM470 366.4L452.3 366.7L446.9 355.1L426.2 352.4L434.8 341.2L440.4 329.5L451.7 327L459.4 329.9L463.2 340.3L459.2 339.2L453.5 344.9L461.1 345.8Z","name":"Kuwait"},{"d":"M985.9 19.1L980.6 21.1L977.6 24.4L973.7 23.4L966.4 29.9L942.8 41.4L941 45.5L931.7 53.8L932.1 59.3L929.7 60.6L919.4 55.5L920.9 50L916.9 45.7L888.8 46.2L883.9 25.5L872.7 25.2L874.8 0.2L868 3.1L866 0L642.7 0L642.8 42.5L632.8 44L626.1 39.1L617 26.2L600.2 16.9L575.8 21.6L562.9 30.9L562.2 22.8L565.8 14.5L565.3 6.1L555.8 3.3L550.7 3.8L546.7 0L1000 0L1000 5.8L996.8 5.5L991 8.4L984.7 16.7Z","name":"Kazakhstan"},{"d":"M179.9 260.2L193.3 269L203.6 270.8L248.4 244L254.9 266.3L253.2 266.8L254.5 271L259.2 269.9L260.3 272.6L252.7 278.9L206.8 291.7L230.2 316.8L222.6 321.1L218.5 329.6L202.1 332.9L195.7 342.3L185.2 350L160.8 345.9L165.1 325.9L165.1 318.8L171.9 300.8L171.1 298.3L174.7 284.7L175 262.6Z","name":"Jordan"},{"d":"M181.2 242.9L179.9 246.1L182.2 254.9L179.9 260.2L175 262.6L174.5 268.8L166.3 265.2L163.4 267.1L160.9 274.7L161 283.3L166.6 285.1L160.8 288.9L159.1 294.8L172.2 292L171.9 300.8L165.1 318.8L165.1 325.9L159.7 342.7L144.6 298.9L151 290.8L149.9 289.3L154.5 281.4L164.4 251.3L171.3 251.5L174.1 247.1Z","name":"Israel"},{"d":"M149.9 289.3L151 290.8L144.6 298.9L143.5 296ZM174.5 268.8L174.7 284.7L172.2 292L159.8 295.2L160.8 288.9L166.6 285.1L160.8 282.8L160.9 274.7L163.4 267.1L166.3 265.2Z","name":"Palestine"},{"d":"M330.6 149.3L340.1 142.6L347.4 142.8L360.8 146.3L370.8 144.4L374.7 152.6L382.1 147.6L384.9 147.9L388.4 157.2L391.6 159.7L392.3 165.5L396.6 168.4L399.4 177L404 178L408.9 181.9L420.3 183.2L413.9 187.3L413.5 190.7L416.6 194.6L417.1 199.5L406.7 207.9L405.7 213.6L402.6 213.4L401.1 217.6L403.6 222.6L400.2 228.8L408 238.2L411.3 238L411.1 241L414.5 242.9L417.4 247.6L416.6 254.5L422.7 255.2L439.7 267L445.5 268.1L456 284L452.5 294L452.5 304.1L460.1 304.4L460.2 317.7L467.5 322.2L469.8 328.5L472.4 330.4L463.1 328.4L459.4 329.9L452.4 327.1L442.1 328.4L426.2 352.4L384.6 349.9L324 302.1L285 280.3L256.9 275.6L260.3 272.6L259.2 269.9L254.5 271L253.2 266.8L254.9 266.3L248.4 244L299.1 217.2L303.9 208.6L304.4 195.5L307.5 186.5L305.1 175.6L306.2 167.7L309 164.4L317.5 162.3Z","name":"Iraq"},{"d":"M647.6 407.5L642.2 413.1L639.8 412.3L627.5 415.8L627.1 414.2L637.8 410.3L637.7 406.8L641.1 407.8L648.2 405.4L649.7 406.7ZM595.5 143.4L601.8 143.6L613.5 140.2L618.1 132.4L629.1 125.4L649.5 124.7L653.4 120.4L670.6 121.2L674.3 127.4L688.7 131L695.1 135.2L707.8 134.8L719 139.1L722.5 145.7L736.4 153L742.8 161.3L760.6 161.1L761.8 162.9L762.8 174.9L761.4 178L763.7 180.8L764.3 189.7L760.2 195.9L761.3 200.4L759.7 206.4L756.8 211.5L751.6 215L755.4 220L749.7 220.3L746.1 225.7L746.1 235.4L748.1 238.5L756 240.6L747.8 250L754 272.5L753.8 291.6L773 294.4L775.2 296.9L776.5 306.3L754.3 333.1L765.2 345.4L772.2 360.1L778.3 366.3L788.9 369.7L793.8 374.2L798.2 374L799.4 392.9L798.1 398.8L807.6 399.1L810.7 402.4L807.4 414.4L790.9 416.6L786.3 421.8L783.7 421.5L777.2 425.1L775.2 434.8L773.1 437.2L771.4 451.1L767.3 453.6L750.2 449L746.7 445.1L744.1 448.3L726.2 446L722.5 444L713.1 445.6L707.4 442.1L693.8 441.2L687.7 438.7L684.4 439.6L683 437.8L673.9 436.1L668.6 421.4L667 410.6L660 402.3L651.4 400.4L646 401.9L635.3 406.1L630.1 411.3L627.1 410.9L618 416.7L612.2 418L603.1 413.2L590.7 412.5L584.9 406.9L567.4 397.3L562.5 389.9L552.3 384.6L542.2 383.6L535 376.8L530.1 361.8L525.6 358.1L525.8 353.2L521.2 351.1L520.6 344.2L509.6 331.5L507.4 324.4L495.5 328.7L483.5 321L483.9 319.4L488.5 319L488 317.5L482.9 316.6L483.7 318.1L480.3 321.2L479.8 327.9L472.4 330.4L469.8 328.5L467.5 322.2L460.2 317.7L460.1 304.4L452.5 304.1L452.5 294L456 284L445.5 268.1L439.7 267L422.7 255.2L416.6 254.5L417.4 247.6L414.5 242.9L411.1 241L411.3 238L408 238.2L400.2 228.8L403.6 222.6L401.1 217.6L402.6 213.4L405.7 213.6L406.7 207.9L417.1 199.5L416.6 194.6L413.5 190.7L413.9 187.3L420.3 183.2L408.9 181.9L404 178L399.4 177L396.6 168.4L393 166.5L391.6 159.7L388.4 157.2L385.7 148.7L386.4 144.7L381.3 141L381.7 134.1L373.3 129.8L378.5 118.3L375 116.9L374.4 105.5L372.1 103L372.3 97.7L368.7 91.8L377.1 90.7L378.6 84.5L381.6 81.9L386.9 84.9L394.4 94.9L402.1 101.2L417.9 104.7L426.8 103.8L444.7 90.6L454.7 84.9L459.8 84.1L467.3 91.3L462.3 95.3L466.6 100.9L459.8 105.1L473.5 116.3L479.8 115.7L481.1 126.3L484.7 135.2L491.3 138.9L508.7 141.8L518 151.7L531.4 158.6L546.1 161.8L555.9 161.7L592.1 153.8L595.5 153.8L590.1 155.8L596.7 156.7L598 154.6Z","name":"Iran"},{"d":"M922.1 485.2L927.1 482.8L935 482.4L936.3 473.6L937.3 474.9L954.1 474.6L959.7 477.4L964.7 476.7L966.4 474.3L975.4 471.1L976.7 470.9L977.5 474.5L980.6 475.5L988.1 471.4L986.4 467L988.2 464.1L979.1 445.5L979.1 439.3L970.3 438.3L966.5 433.1L967.6 418L958.1 415L952 410.5L954.3 401.1L971.5 380.6L977.2 380.6L982.5 387.5L1000 383.3L1000 558.5L984.4 564.8L975.3 561.6L965 553L941.5 527.2L940.9 522.5L942.5 521.1L947.6 525L968.3 517.7L976 506.8L975.4 504.6L972 508.4L966.9 508.2L956.5 513L946.7 510.7L933 502.1L927.9 492.4L936.2 485.3L923.7 491.8Z","name":"India"},{"d":"M0 168.5L6.7 166.4L3.4 175.8L0 176.9Z","name":"Greece"},{"d":"M355.3 48L354.5 46.2L350 45.7L339.6 36L336.3 36L333 39.6L320.6 38.1L318.3 39.7L311.1 37.6L315.5 32.8L316.9 26.1L310.6 8.6L302.4 4.4L298.1 0L346.9 0L363.2 6.4L362.2 9.7L364.2 10.9L379.8 6.4L383 6.7L385.9 9.7L388.2 6.2L394.8 8.2L399 11.9L407.3 12.7L405.8 20.2L423.9 28.1L418.2 34L429.5 43.4L426.3 48.5L418 45.7L412.2 46L407.7 44.1L407.5 42.1L397.6 39.3L386.8 44.1L387.5 45.3L373.4 45.3Z","name":"Georgia"},{"d":"M137.2 900L131.3 895.4L121.2 893.1L116 889.6L122.5 876L137.9 875.8L141.1 872.3L140.8 848.7L146.1 831.5L145.3 823L146.8 819.7L152.1 814L156.6 817.4L160.3 814.4L164.5 790.3L177.2 769.9L187.3 767.3L196.8 728.5L203.4 727L208.3 728.1L213.6 723.5L220.8 731.2L228 713.4L240.5 724.1L249.3 722.8L255.3 719.1L258.1 722.8L265.8 721.4L274.1 723.8L279.7 723.4L295.3 732.2L307.7 747.7L317 755.7L321.2 763.3L325.4 766.1L331 773.8L317.6 793.6L317.7 811.5L321.4 812.5L335.1 809L343.5 811L337.4 821.1L341.6 831.2L349.4 839.4L356.3 852.1L359.5 853.1L367.8 861.5L436.5 887.1L459.4 887.1L447.3 900Z","name":"Ethiopia"},{"d":"M196.8 728.5L194.6 706.3L205.8 676.8L205.2 668.5L207.9 657.5L217.1 657.4L220.3 650.7L236.5 644.1L244.6 633.5L254.4 656.8L260.4 686.3L271.6 706.5L273.4 697.7L277.4 701.2L281.2 709.3L289 711.3L294.8 716.2L303.5 719.3L314.5 735.4L328 745.4L331.5 754.9L334.3 754.7L340.6 763.8L344.6 765.2L345.2 762.9L347.9 767.7L342.2 769.9L338.5 776L333.3 772.7L331 773.8L325.4 766.1L321.2 763.3L317 755.7L307.7 747.7L295.3 732.2L279.7 723.4L274.1 723.8L265.8 721.4L258.1 722.8L254.1 719.1L249.3 722.8L240.5 724.1L228 713.4L220.8 731.2L213.6 723.5L208.3 728.1L203.4 727ZM278.3 682.2L279 684.7L276.4 683.2ZM279.7 692L280.7 693.3L282.2 691.8L285.6 694.9L275.9 694.1L275.3 692L278.1 692.5L275.1 690.8L276.5 688.6L275.5 687.1L278.7 688.4Z","name":"Eritrea"},{"d":"M204.8 532.3L80.1 532.3L81.3 528.5L79.4 527.1L75 532.4L0 532.3L0 301.1L13.2 302.9L28 308.3L45.7 298.4L52.4 297.6L56.3 292.5L68.4 289.8L60.2 293.6L70.2 292.4L72.1 288.8L82.2 292.5L90.6 290.4L96.2 295.5L90.6 291.9L87.9 296.7L93.3 298.5L95.4 301.8L99.6 299L98.1 296.7L106.9 302.4L119 299.9L120.5 302L131.3 300.8L143.5 296L159.7 342.7L155.8 348L148.1 379.8L144 386.1L133.5 379L121.7 365.8L119 355.4L109.6 341.6L106.1 330.1L104 331.4L101.4 338.8L106.8 346.7L107.6 355L113.7 365.8L128.6 382.7L128.6 390.1L135.5 400.8L138 414.4L151.9 438.7L166.3 469.5L179.8 483.1L174.3 483.6L173.4 487.1L173.9 495.7L177.9 508.3L182.8 513.5L190.1 516.3Z","name":"Egypt"},{"d":"M350.9 798.3L343.5 811L335.1 809L321.4 812.5L317.7 811.5L317.6 793.6L332.7 772.5L338.5 776L342.2 769.9L347.9 767.7L353.4 776.4L354 783.4L346.4 790L340.7 792.3L337 796.8L334.3 796.5L335.7 798.4L346.2 796.1Z","name":"Djibouti"},{"d":"M139.1 201.1L126.9 202.8L124.8 198.6L114.2 200.5L109.4 198.4L113.3 198.2L114.7 192.9L130 193.8L151.7 186L137.6 195.4L136.8 197.6Z","name":"N. Cyprus"},{"d":"M109.4 198.4L114.2 200.5L124.8 198.6L126.9 202.8L135.9 200.4L140.1 203.1L132.1 203.5L125.5 209.1L118.7 210.5L114.7 213.5L113 211.3L103.4 209.6L100.4 203.9L100 200.7L102.1 201.5Z","name":"Cyprus"},{"d":"M1.7 26.1L0 25.9L0 0L0 23Z","name":"Bulgaria"},{"d":"M519.7 433.8L518.9 435.8L516.4 431.7L516.5 425.1L519.2 424.8Z","name":"Bahrain"},{"d":"M386.9 84.9L385.8 83.6L391.8 82L395.1 86.9L401.6 88.9L409.1 87.6L408.7 91.8L413.5 95.2L416.7 104.5L402.1 101.2L394.4 94.9ZM479.8 115.7L473.5 116.3L459.8 105.1L466.6 100.9L462.3 95.3L467.3 91.3L459.8 84.1L447.9 88.8L425.3 103.8L423.2 96.5L427.4 95.7L422.4 91.2L425.1 87.3L418.7 86.3L404.4 76.6L411.4 75.4L413.2 70.1L401.5 62.5L399.8 59L404.6 54.6L400.7 51.1L392.7 48.8L395.4 47L391.1 43.3L397.6 39.3L407.5 42.1L407.7 44.1L412.2 46L418 45.7L426.3 48.5L429.5 43.4L418.2 34L423.9 28.1L427.1 30.4L431.2 30.1L440.2 37.6L444.2 43.5L455.1 45.6L461.2 39.1L468.9 35.4L473 29.3L475.1 30.8L493.3 55.8L500.6 61.2L509.9 63.2L514.1 69L503.9 68L495.4 71.1L490.2 86L491.1 92.5L486.6 100.6L485.6 101.3L483.1 98L479.5 105.5Z","name":"Azerbaijan"},{"d":"M385.8 83.6L374.8 75L368.3 75.7L360.5 72.8L361.5 71.8L358.3 63.8L361.8 57.8L359.7 52.5L355.3 48L373.4 45.3L387.5 45.3L386.8 44.1L391.1 43.3L395.4 47L392.7 48.8L400.7 51.1L404.6 54.6L399.7 59.9L404.2 65.5L413.2 70.1L413.3 71.6L411.4 75.4L404.4 76.6L418.7 86.3L425.1 87.3L422.4 91.2L427.4 95.7L423.2 96.5L425.3 103.8L416.7 104.5L413.5 95.2L408.7 91.8L408.3 87.1L401.6 88.9L394.6 86.6L391.8 82Z","name":"Armenia"},{"d":"M884.5 143.2L897 143.6L902.8 146.8L907.3 145.3L911.5 146.3L914.6 150.4L919.9 153.3L939.3 143.6L947.3 149.3L950.8 146.8L950.4 142L952.6 138.1L968.5 137.3L970 135.2L969.1 128.6L981.1 116L984.3 115.2L993 118.9L994.7 122.4L993.5 128.8L1000 128.6L997 148.8L1000 157.3L1000 167.5L991.4 176.4L996.2 180.5L1000 188.7L1000 199.8L986.3 214.7L989.3 218.7L988.3 226.8L979.2 229.3L964.1 226.8L961.7 227.9L961.2 230.7L967.3 237.7L970.7 244.1L970.2 246.1L962.4 250.6L952.8 252.9L946.8 267.8L947.7 280.4L938.3 288.1L932.1 283.8L928.5 285L922 283.8L918.7 287L908.7 291.3L912.3 295.4L905.8 298.2L893.7 296.4L891.5 297.5L880.5 309.1L878 326.7L879.7 330.3L876.6 333.6L851.8 340.6L835.7 341L828.9 344.9L816.7 342.2L791.7 344.5L754.3 333.1L776.5 306.3L775.2 296.9L773 294.4L753.8 291.6L754 272.5L747.8 252L747.8 250L756 240.6L746.7 237.3L746.1 225.7L749.7 220.3L755.4 220L751.6 215L756.8 211.5L759.7 206.4L761.3 200.4L760.2 195.9L762.2 194.9L763.9 187.1L765.8 186.8L772.1 191.8L780.4 191.5L787.9 198.4L796.6 196.3L805 191.5L807.6 185.6L806.7 181.3L826.9 177.1L838.4 168.8L845.4 148.7L851.6 146L862.3 145.7L867.1 137.6L875 141.6Z","name":"Afghanistan"}],"credit":"Base map: Natural Earth (public domain). Locations: Ohmega, from today's developments; approximate. Disputed areas: Natural Earth (public domain). Shipping data: IMF PortWatch.","disputed":[{"claimants":["Somalia"],"d":"M481.4 804.7L481.4 850.3L459.4 887.1L436.5 887.1L368.7 862.1L359.5 853.2L354.9 851.2L349.6 839.3L346.8 838.3L341.5 831.1L337.2 820.9L351.7 798.4L353.9 801.1L356.5 801.4L356.5 805L364.3 816L376.2 825.9L381.6 826.6L390.2 825.8L408.7 814.1L424.3 818.8L446.3 806.3L453.2 808.4L462.9 807.5L471.8 802.9Z","name":"Somaliland","note":"Self-administered; claimed by Somalia","r":34.6,"rings":[[[[48.939,11.249],[48.939,9.451],[47.979,7.997],[46.979,7.997],[44.024,8.986],[43.622,9.337],[43.419,9.413],[43.187,9.883],[43.068,9.923],[42.836,10.208],[42.649,10.611],[43.283,11.499],[43.489,11.381],[43.488,11.239],[43.83,10.803],[44.348,10.415],[44.586,10.384],[44.962,10.416],[45.769,10.878],[46.448,10.693],[47.406,11.185],[47.71,11.101],[48.13,11.137],[48.522,11.319]]]],"source":"","status":"self-administered","x":440.2,"y":851.7},{"claimants":["Sudan"],"d":"M205.1 532.3L140.9 532.3L142.3 527.4L154.6 524.7L160.6 510.5L166.7 512.3L176.1 503.4L181.3 512.9L190 516.1L194.9 523.2L205.3 530.6Z","name":"Halayib Triangle","note":"Administered by Egypt; claimed by Sudan","r":10.6,"rings":[[[[36.884,21.996],[34.084,21.995],[34.147,22.192],[34.682,22.298],[34.944,22.858],[35.212,22.786],[35.621,23.139],[35.848,22.763],[36.226,22.635],[36.44,22.356],[36.895,22.066]]]],"source":"","status":"administered","x":173.1,"y":520.8},{"claimants":["South Sudan"],"d":"M0 832.3L24.1 832.3L24.1 846.8L20.9 849.9L20.8 853.5L2.5 853.3L0 848.9Z","name":"Abyei","note":"Administered by Sudan; claimed by South Sudan","r":10.5,"rings":[[[[27.895,9.595],[27.825,9.744],[27.825,10.16],[28.989,10.16],[28.989,9.587],[28.849,9.466],[28.844,9.325],[28.045,9.331]]]],"source":"","status":"administered","x":12.9,"y":842.9},{"claimants":["Pakistan"],"d":"M963.9 551.7L961.3 537.6L966.6 539L971.1 543.8L974.8 539.9L981.2 543L980.4 538.7L982.2 537.7L984.2 542.1L981.3 545.5L977.2 546.7L977.7 550.4L983 547.5L983 553.7L996.4 557.5L998.1 555L1000 555.8L1000 558.7L998.9 557.7L994 560L994.4 561.4L984.9 565L982.7 558.4L980 557.4L977.1 562.6Z","name":"Junagadh and Manavadar","note":"Administered by India; claimed by Pakistan","r":4.6,"rings":[[[[69.988,21.233],[69.874,21.79],[70.106,21.732],[70.3,21.545],[70.463,21.697],[70.74,21.574],[70.708,21.743],[70.784,21.784],[70.871,21.609],[70.746,21.475],[70.568,21.429],[70.589,21.282],[70.821,21.399],[70.821,21.154],[71.405,21.001],[71.48,21.101],[71.7,21.021],[70.903,20.706],[70.809,20.966],[70.689,21.007],[70.562,20.8]],[[70.369,21.352],[70.401,21.235],[70.489,21.211],[70.438,21.352]]]],"source":"","status":"administered","x":968.2,"y":547.5},{"claimants":[],"d":"M161.6 279.6L160.9 274.1L163.4 267.1L166.7 265L174.7 269L174.7 284.7L172.4 291.7L165.7 295L159.1 294.9L161.3 288.2L167.9 285.2L167 281.9L166.1 283.6L161.4 283L162.8 281.1Z","name":"West Bank","note":"Part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, held by Israel since 1967 (ICJ advisory opinion of 19 July 2024).","r":6.7,"rings":[[[[34.987,31.967],[34.958,32.186],[35.064,32.463],[35.209,32.543],[35.561,32.385],[35.559,31.765],[35.459,31.492],[35.165,31.362],[34.879,31.363],[34.974,31.63],[35.263,31.749],[35.222,31.879],[35.186,31.809],[34.977,31.833],[35.039,31.909]]]],"source":"https://www.icj-cij.org/case/186","status":"occupied","x":168,"y":274.1},{"claimants":["Georgia"],"d":"M363.2 6.3L362.5 10.2L366.8 11.4L373 9.1L376.5 12L376.3 13.8L382.6 17L383 21.8L380 25.4L374.9 25.1L372.9 22.8L371.8 24L369.5 20.5L364.3 24L359.5 22.2L360.3 18L358.4 17L358.1 10.5Z","name":"South Ossetia","note":"Georgian territory (internationally recognised) run by Russia-backed de facto authorities since the 1990s. Russia recognised it as independent in 2008; very few states did.","r":5.3,"rings":[[[[43.783,42.753],[43.751,42.599],[43.94,42.552],[44.211,42.64],[44.299,42.584],[44.355,42.455],[44.629,42.33],[44.644,42.14],[44.464,41.99],[44.204,42.1],[44.16,42.055],[44.059,42.19],[43.829,42.055],[43.619,42.125],[43.654,42.289],[43.574,42.33],[43.559,42.584]]]],"source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia","status":"self-administered","x":365.6,"y":16.7},{"claimants":["Azerbaijan"],"d":"M426.1 87.7L425 86.7L427 85.3L426.8 79.9L421.8 75L422.7 73.4L420.8 71.3L430.7 65.6L437.4 69.8L435.3 69.7L429.6 75.3L432.7 75.5L433.1 78L435.3 77.6L434 80.6L437 78.7L441.6 80.8L437.5 83.8L431.5 83.1Z","name":"Nagorno-Karabakh","note":"Azerbaijani territory (internationally recognised). Armenian-backed de facto authorities ran it from 1994 until Azerbaijan's offensive of September 2023; the self-declared republic dissolved in January 2024.","r":3.9,"rings":[[[[46.527,39.538],[46.479,39.579],[46.567,39.633],[46.555,39.847],[46.337,40.041],[46.378,40.103],[46.294,40.188],[46.727,40.413],[47.018,40.247],[46.929,40.252],[46.681,40.027],[46.926,39.938],[46.873,39.821],[47,39.897],[47.203,39.813],[47.024,39.696],[46.762,39.72]]]],"source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2023_Azerbaijani_offensive_in_Nagorno-Karabakh","status":"former","x":426.7,"y":72.7},{"claimants":["Cyprus"],"d":"M139.2 201.1L136.1 199.7L133.6 202L128.4 200.9L127 202.7L125.5 197.7L112.7 200.8L109.4 198.3L113.6 198.3L114.2 192.7L131.2 193.7L152.5 185.2L137.8 194.9L136.7 198.6Z","name":"Northern Cyprus","note":"Territory of the Republic of Cyprus (recognised by the UN) run by Turkish Cypriot authorities since 1974, backed by Turkish forces. Only Turkey recognises the self-declared state (UN Security Council Res. 541).","r":3.9,"rings":[[[[34.012,35.064],[33.876,35.119],[33.766,35.032],[33.541,35.073],[33.477,35.003],[33.414,35.199],[32.855,35.079],[32.711,35.175],[32.893,35.175],[32.92,35.398],[33.66,35.359],[34.593,35.692],[33.952,35.312],[33.9,35.164]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/S/RES/541(1983)","status":"self-administered","x":132.5,"y":197.7},{"claimants":["Georgia"],"d":"M322.5 0L319.7 0.9L320.9 9.7L312.1 15.1L309.9 7.3L302.9 5.2L300 0.3L297.5 0Z","name":"Abkhazia","note":"Georgian territory (internationally recognised) run by Russia-backed de facto authorities since the 1990s. Russia recognised it as independent in 2008; very few states did.","r":5.3,"rings":[[[[42.154,43.217],[42.057,43.017],[41.885,42.965],[41.938,42.618],[41.551,42.406],[41.424,42.74],[41.15,42.796],[41.023,42.99],[40.856,43.063],[40.335,43.141],[40.219,43.319],[39.986,43.389],[40.073,43.551],[40.233,43.576],[40.652,43.539],[41.578,43.215]]]],"source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia","status":"self-administered","x":314.9,"y":5.6},{"claimants":[],"d":"M120.2 532.3L140.9 532.3L138.9 538.1L128.8 539.6Z","name":"Bir Tawil","note":"Between Egypt and Sudan","r":3.4,"rings":[[[[33.181,21.995],[34.084,21.995],[33.999,21.767],[33.558,21.711]]]],"source":"","status":"claimed","x":129.8,"y":536},{"claimants":["Syria"],"d":"M180.7 243.1L179.5 246.5L182.2 254.8L179.2 259.9L175.9 261.5L175.4 253L177.3 249.6L177.2 247.2L175.7 247.3Z","name":"Golan Heights","note":"Syrian territory held by Israel since 1967; Israel applied its law there in 1981, which the UN Security Council declared null and void (Res. 497).","r":3.1,"rings":[[[[35.821,33.407],[35.769,33.273],[35.888,32.945],[35.758,32.744],[35.612,32.682],[35.588,33.018],[35.672,33.15],[35.666,33.247],[35.605,33.244]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/S/RES/497(1981)","status":"occupied","x":178.8,"y":254.3},{"claimants":[],"d":"M150 289.4L151.7 290.5L144.7 298.8L143.5 296.2Z","name":"Gaza Strip","note":"Part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (UN General Assembly; ICJ advisory opinion of 19 July 2024). Israel withdrew its settlements and troops in 2005; Israeli forces have operated in the Strip since October 2023. The outline is the territory, not who holds which part today.","r":1.2,"rings":[[[[34.481,31.583],[34.556,31.54],[34.248,31.211],[34.2,31.314]]]],"source":"https://www.icj-cij.org/case/186","status":"occupied","x":145.5,"y":295.9}],"height":900,"labels":[{"key":true,"name":"Yemen","r":50.2,"x":392.9,"y":700.9},{"key":false,"name":"Uzbekistan","r":45.7,"x":834.1,"y":50.5},{"key":false,"name":"United Arab Emirates","r":18.9,"x":608.8,"y":495.5},{"key":false,"name":"Turkmenistan","r":51.2,"x":707.6,"y":82.5},{"key":false,"name":"Turkey","r":66,"x":124.4,"y":98.3},{"key":false,"name":"Tajikistan","r":24.6,"x":949.9,"y":113.2},{"key":false,"name":"Syria","r":42.8,"x":236.1,"y":201.3},{"key":false,"name":"S. Sudan","r":31,"x":90.8,"y":868.2},{"key":false,"name":"Sudan","r":104.8,"x":104.8,"y":637.8},{"key":false,"name":"Somalia","r":22.4,"x":505.3,"y":822.7},{"key":false,"name":"Somaliland","r":34.6,"x":440.3,"y":851.6},{"key":false,"name":"Saudi Arabia","r":133.7,"x":385.6,"y":486.6},{"key":false,"name":"Russia","r":16.1,"x":439.2,"y":16.1},{"key":true,"name":"Qatar","r":8.9,"x":532.8,"y":452.7},{"key":false,"name":"Pakistan","r":52.2,"x":929.8,"y":344.8},{"key":false,"name":"Oman","r":40.9,"x":675.8,"y":528.4},{"key":false,"name":"Lebanon","r":7.9,"x":184.4,"y":225.7},{"key":false,"name":"Kyrgyzstan","r":9.8,"x":990.1,"y":34.8},{"key":false,"name":"Kuwait","r":9.4,"x":444.2,"y":343.5},{"key":false,"name":"Kazakhstan","r":21.6,"x":911,"y":21.6},{"key":false,"name":"Jordan","r":22.8,"x":192.5,"y":312.1},{"key":false,"name":"Israel","r":10.5,"x":158,"y":305.3},{"key":false,"name":"Iraq","r":56,"x":348.4,"y":251.5},{"key":true,"name":"Iran","r":121.5,"x":621.3,"y":275.7},{"key":false,"name":"India","r":19.9,"x":977.8,"y":535.2},{"key":false,"name":"Georgia","r":17.8,"x":370.8,"y":27.7},{"key":false,"name":"Ethiopia","r":73.8,"x":238.6,"y":826.2},{"key":false,"name":"Eritrea","r":26.7,"x":232.9,"y":687.1},{"key":false,"name":"Egypt","r":73.1,"x":73.1,"y":449.7},{"key":false,"name":"Djibouti","r":9.1,"x":334.8,"y":785.3},{"key":false,"name":"Azerbaijan","r":22.5,"x":437.3,"y":68.1},{"key":false,"name":"Armenia","r":15.1,"x":381.1,"y":60.8},{"key":false,"name":"Afghanistan","r":71.1,"x":886.7,"y":221}],"lakes":[{"d":"M214.3 790.9L209.1 789.9L207.8 788L208.4 781.5L209.9 778.9L213.9 780L218.3 778L220.5 780L220.9 785.2L216.6 795L214.6 794.1Z"},{"d":"M351.3 235L347.7 230.3L347.9 219.8L356.6 230.9L356.2 235Z"},{"d":"M365.4 261.4L363.4 265.2L356.3 262.5L355 258.3L356.9 251.9Z"},{"d":"M175.3 285.8L174.4 295L171.6 295.9L171.5 288.5L173.8 285Z"},{"d":"M406.4 133.3L408.2 134.3L410.2 143.4L406.3 144.8L403.4 148.7L401.4 148.3L399.5 146.3L396.5 132.7L393.1 129.6L395.4 124L391.5 123.1L391.7 121.8L393.5 120L399.3 120L402.3 124.9L401.1 131.6Z"},{"d":"M686 31.1L681.9 34.6L674.1 36.2L670.2 32.1L667.6 32.3L668.3 26.2L672.4 17.7L675.2 16.9L678.8 18.7L682.2 27.6Z"},{"d":"M126.5 105.1L131.5 108.7L128.3 113.5L119.7 107.2L122.7 102.2L123 98.2L125.7 100Z"},{"d":"M345 118L342 114.5L330.4 114.1L332.8 109.2L347.1 106.2L349 105.3L347 103.5L348.8 102.7L359.3 102.7L350.1 108.6L349.5 111.4L352.6 114.3L350.6 116.4L348.7 118.2Z"},{"d":"M390.9 63L391.4 60.5L399.7 63.9L404.9 68L406 71.1L397.4 71.9L395.3 66.3Z"},{"d":"M450.9 312L432.9 311.1L430.4 307.5L433.8 306.2L443.6 309.9L448.4 309Z"},{"d":"M176.4 259L174.5 259.8L174.8 256.2Z"},{"d":"M98.5 515.2L94.4 515.4L89.1 523.3L85 524.3L80.3 529.6L77.5 537L72.3 542.1L80.5 526.9L88.2 520L85.7 516.4L89.1 517.9L96.1 512.4L100.8 514.7L104.6 513L112.7 498.2L112.4 494.6L106.8 494.3L109.3 492.4L107.4 492L108.1 490.8L112.2 491.2L113.3 481.9L115.7 489.3L114 491.4L116.1 494L114.2 494.6L116.2 500.9L114.2 500.6L112.7 503.9L115.8 508L110.2 506.1L100.6 518.3L98.9 518.6L100 517.2Z"},{"d":"M358.9 245.7L356.3 248.6L352.2 245.6L354 242.4Z"},{"d":"M918.1 44.2L928.8 48L921.5 49.5L916.8 45Z"}],"locator":{"d":"M117 62L114 60L118 59ZM117 59L113 60L112 57L113 56L117 57L116 55L117 55L119 56ZM129 41L124 43L124 42L124 40L127 40ZM160 38L159 39L161 43L158 45L160 42L157 38ZM67 45L64 50L63 47L59 45L61 43ZM139 27L141 27L139 27L137 29L133 26L131 27L131 25L136 26L138 27ZM70 69L68 69L68 67ZM28 19L25 17L19 16L16 17L17 16L9 20L13 17L10 17L10 16L8 16L11 14L7 14L11 13L7 12L13 10L22 11L22 16ZM58 25L62 24L63 25L59 27L58 29L58 28L57 29L58 30L55 33L55 36L54 33L51 33L47 33L46 36L41 32L33 31L31 28L31 23L51 23L54 25L54 27ZM99 21L97 21L98 20L97 19L97 17L101 21ZM131 36L131 37L129 37ZM121 24L116 25L116 23L112 23L114 21L119 21L122 22ZM119 51L116 51L117 48L119 48ZM131 27L133 26L137 29L135 30L132 29L130 29L129 28L130 27L129 27ZM123 27L125 28L125 29L116 30L115 29L116 27ZM106 32L105 33L105 29L106 29ZM156 39L159 41L157 43L156 43L156 47L155 45L155 43L154 40ZM118 55L116 54L117 51L122 53L122 56L119 56ZM138 29L139 27L138 28L142 29ZM120 30L124 29L120 32ZM106 17L109 12L113 12L113 13L110 15L111 17L109 19L107 19ZM119 48L116 48L113 45L118 43ZM119 45L118 43L117 45L113 45L112 43L114 38L120 38L121 40ZM99 26L102 27L99 30L96 29L97 27L95 26ZM116 62L118 65L117 67L114 69L110 69L109 66L111 66L111 64L112 65ZM123 51L123 48L128 43ZM127 44L127 46L124 44ZM93 42L93 43L91 43L92 43L90 42L92 41ZM129 39L124 41L119 34L122 32L127 34L131 38ZM0 12L6 13L0 14ZM173 26L175 23L173 23L169 20L165 22L155 21L154 22L149 23L144 22L143 20L138 19L134 20L134 22L126 22L127 24L126 25L126 27L120 25L122 22L118 21L117 19L115 18L117 17L115 16L118 15L116 12L123 12L118 13L121 15L125 13L124 12L126 13L134 11L138 12L137 11L140 9L141 12L138 13L140 13L142 12L144 12L141 12L142 10L146 11L145 9L158 7L163 8L158 10L169 9L173 11L178 10L188 11L189 12L199 11L200 14L197 14L200 15L191 17L191 19L187 22L187 19L192 15L178 18L175 20L179 20L178 23ZM131 9L132 11L129 10ZM179 20L180 23L179 24ZM116 25L116 26L113 26L111 24L115 23ZM95 27L97 27L96 29ZM113 21L113 23L111 23L108 22L108 20L113 20ZM167 40L169 43L167 42ZM170 45L170 47L168 46ZM61 52L59 54L62 57L61 60L58 58L55 53L56 53L58 50ZM68 61L70 63L69 65L67 65L68 64L65 62L66 61ZM178 55L178 51L184 56L180 54ZM143 30L139 35L139 36L134 36L135 35L134 33L137 33L140 30ZM129 41L129 39L131 39L131 36L133 38ZM111 12L107 15L106 17L103 17L104 16L103 15L110 11L117 11ZM109 6L112 6L109 7L108 7L109 6L106 6ZM171 29L170 29L169 28L172 26ZM108 42L106 46L103 48L102 46L102 42ZM108 42L103 42L102 44L100 42L107 37L109 39ZM54 42L53 44L51 43ZM196 73L195 75L192 76ZM196 69L199 71L197 73ZM149 35L144 34L145 33ZM113 60L112 60L111 66L109 66L107 60ZM117 62L118 59L117 58L119 58L120 60L119 56L122 56L123 59L119 61L120 64L118 65ZM99 30L99 32L91 38L97 30ZM95 35L93 36L93 38L91 38ZM149 23L154 22L155 21L165 22L164 23L167 24L158 27L154 26ZM35 32L44 33L46 36L47 40L49 40L52 38L51 40L49 40L49 42L43 40L37 33L36 32L36 33L39 37ZM93 42L91 41L91 38L93 38L93 36L95 35L97 36L96 36L97 41ZM94 43L94 41L97 41L96 36L102 39L102 41L99 42L97 44ZM156 46L157 47L158 49ZM165 48L164 49L161 49L165 46L166 47ZM118 58L118 55L120 58L120 60ZM128 57L128 59L125 64L124 60ZM113 20L112 19L115 19ZM105 33L106 32L111 33L112 32L114 32L114 39L106 36ZM115 19L112 19L114 18L115 18ZM157 38L160 42L158 42L158 40L156 40ZM139 28L141 27L139 27L140 26L145 27ZM119 51L120 47L123 48L122 53ZM139 27L138 27L133 25L131 25L131 27L129 27L128 25L129 24L127 24L126 22L128 21L134 22L134 20L138 19L143 20L144 22L149 23L144 25L145 27ZM180 25L181 26L178 27L179 25ZM178 27L178 30L173 31L177 29ZM104 24L108 24L107 25L110 28L109 29ZM124 29L126 30L127 33L122 32ZM130 29L134 30L134 33L135 35L134 36L129 35L125 31L125 28ZM154 47L158 50L159 53ZM169 49L167 50L169 50L167 51L168 52L167 51L166 53L167 49ZM161 49L164 49L165 48L166 49L164 52L161 52ZM178 51L178 55L173 51ZM138 37L139 36L139 35L142 32L141 31L143 30L146 35L154 34L152 38L151 36L149 35L149 38L145 41L143 46L141 38L139 38ZM91 13L92 14L90 15L86 14ZM112 23L112 24L109 24ZM54 42L52 43L50 42ZM66 47L67 46L69 49L67 49ZM94 45L92 44L92 43L95 43L96 45ZM115 27L113 28L113 29L112 30L113 29L112 27ZM100 44L101 47L98 47L98 44ZM105 24L103 21L105 20L105 19L108 20L108 22L107 22L108 23ZM124 27L122 26L125 26L126 27ZM107 49L108 51L106 52L105 50ZM104 24L104 26L101 26L99 26L99 24L97 23L101 22ZM113 13L111 12L116 11L118 15L113 17L112 15ZM120 47L118 46L121 42L127 46L122 48ZM115 18L113 17L116 17ZM120 42L121 40L124 43ZM120 38L114 38L114 33L119 33L119 35L118 34ZM58 50L55 52L56 50ZM83 4L88 4L83 4L87 5L94 5L89 6L88 7L90 7L87 7L89 9L85 9L88 9L85 10L88 11L85 10L84 11L88 11L78 14L76 17L72 15L70 13L72 13L70 13L72 12L70 12L72 12L70 11L71 10L69 10L67 8L60 7L66 4ZM55 37L59 39L53 38ZM108 25L111 25L109 25L110 26ZM96 44L99 45L98 47L96 48ZM117 55L116 55L116 57L112 56L112 54L107 53L109 52L111 47L115 47L117 49L116 51ZM106 52L108 51L107 49L110 48L109 52ZM60 43L59 45L63 47L63 49L61 49L61 52L56 49L57 45ZM160 38L158 37L156 38L153 34L149 35L145 33L141 28L145 27L144 25L148 23L154 26L161 26L167 24L164 23L167 21L170 21L173 23L175 23L173 26L165 28L168 29L166 31L168 34L165 37ZM61 60L63 63L59 78L62 79L60 80L59 79L59 77L58 76L60 75ZM113 39L113 44L109 46L107 42L108 37ZM113 45L115 47L111 47L109 49L108 47L109 46L112 44ZM28 19L22 16L22 11L29 11L40 13L41 12L40 12L46 12L47 13L48 12L46 11L47 10L51 13L52 11L55 12L53 13L49 13L51 14L48 14L50 15L47 16L48 18L54 19L56 22L56 20L57 19L57 15L59 15L61 16L62 18L64 17L66 19L68 20L66 20L69 21L61 23L54 27L54 25L51 23L32 23L28 20ZM36 10L41 9L44 11L37 12L35 11L38 11L34 10ZM33 9L36 9L33 10L30 10L31 9ZM61 4L66 4L56 6L59 6L55 8L50 7L54 7L51 7L55 6L52 5L57 5L49 5ZM44 9L46 10L43 10ZM53 14L55 15L52 15ZM49 5L53 6L49 6L46 5ZM48 7L56 8L49 9L46 7ZM48 9L50 9L47 10ZM63 25L62 24L58 25L64 23L63 23L66 25L64 26L65 25ZM69 21L68 22L70 23L71 24L67 24ZM52 11L55 9L66 13L62 13L64 15L62 15L63 16L57 14L60 13L58 11L51 11L52 11L50 9L53 9ZM105 47L108 43L109 49L106 49ZM160 42L159 44L157 44L157 42ZM156 39L154 40L155 44L154 41L152 41L151 38L154 34ZM101 44L97 44L100 42L101 43ZM116 27L113 27L112 26L116 26ZM63 49L66 47L67 49L71 48L72 49L71 51L74 50L80 53L77 62L73 64L70 69L68 67L70 65L68 62L68 59L64 55L61 56L59 54L61 52L61 49ZM114 60L116 62L111 65L112 60ZM61 60L61 56L64 55L68 60L62 63ZM101 47L100 44L102 43ZM118 21L113 21L116 19L117 19ZM149 38L149 35L151 36L151 38L150 37ZM127 29L125 27L127 27ZM180 57L185 64L183 71L179 71L176 70L177 68L175 69L173 67L164 69L163 62L167 61L170 58L172 58L173 56L176 57L175 58L178 60ZM68 67L68 71L64 73L65 74L62 76L63 77L62 78L62 79L60 79L59 78L62 64L65 62L68 64L67 65L70 64ZM113 56L112 57L113 60L107 60L108 56L107 53L112 54ZM105 29L105 35L107 37L103 39L102 39L95 35L99 32L99 30ZM137 29L142 29L137 33L134 33L134 30ZM68 85L64 87L66 90L66 91L57 93L60 93L55 93L57 94L53 93L66 96L87 94L80 94L90 92L94 89L122 89L130 87L139 88L137 91L147 87L175 87L195 90L189 92L193 94L188 95L200 97L200 100L0 100L0 97L13 97L3 96L11 96L15 96L13 95L18 95L12 93L36 91L45 92L43 90L62 91L63 90L63 87ZM75 94L76 95L70 95ZM61 88L62 90L58 90L61 90L60 88Z","height":100,"rect":{"h":19.7,"w":24.2,"x":115.5,"y":26.1},"width":200},"points":[{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Doha","lat":25.2854,"lon":51.531,"n":1,"verification":"researched","x":540.8,"y":449},{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Tehran","lat":35.6892,"lon":51.389,"n":2,"verification":"researched","x":537.6,"y":185.3},{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Strait of Hormuz","lat":26.5,"lon":56.25,"n":3,"verification":"researched","x":649,"y":418.2},{"date":"2026-11-01","label":"Sanaa","lat":15.3694,"lon":44.191,"n":5,"verification":"researched","x":372.6,"y":700.3},{"date":"2026-11-01","label":"Hodeidah","lat":14.8,"lon":43.25,"n":6,"verification":"reported","x":351,"y":714.7}],"projection":"equirectangular","rivers":[{"d":"M211.8 810.1L207.3 803.7L208.9 796.3L211.9 791.9L210.3 789.3"},{"d":"M216.6 794.9L226.3 803.7L241.2 810.1L242.2 823.6L239.3 832.9L222.9 839.3L219 835.8L214.8 835.3L211.4 829.6L200.3 827.2L195.9 824.5L189.5 832.4L178.4 836.4L170 832.4"},{"d":"M243.5 180.9L258.8 180.4L272.7 185.4L276.6 190.8L285.1 197L287.4 202.4L297.8 213.4L299.3 217.2M231.2 156.2L236.9 163.3L234.9 168.7"},{"d":"M923.2 151.5L917.4 152.8L912.7 147L907.3 145.3L902.8 146.8L897 143.6L875 141.6L857.3 134L852.6 128.3L832.9 115.8L820.3 100.2L804.1 91.2L803.7 88.7L790.9 75.1L789.4 67.6L783 58.7L778.6 48.3L772.7 44.6L763.9 43.1L747 29.8L737.3 19.5L729.1 16.7L719.4 10.4L715.4 0"},{"d":"M175.3 684.3L160.6 658.4L148.6 650.9L137.9 641.2M175.3 684.2L175.9 691.5L183.7 708.5L183.1 711.3"},{"d":"M59.5 892.9L62.6 874L66.3 867.8L66 862.1L73.4 850.9"},{"d":"M60.2 900L58.9 890.1L54.8 883.5L55 874.8L51.9 863.4L57.8 849.3L66.7 848.5L73 850.7"},{"d":"M1000 316.9L994.4 324.3L986.8 347.9L978.2 354.2"},{"d":"M73.9 325.6L72 321.2L75.9 313.7L75.8 305.9L85.6 297.1L89.4 290.8"},{"d":"M268.3 116.2L276.9 117.9L281.9 124.4L282.3 129.2L286.3 131L317.8 134.1L318.7 139.9L327.5 143.9L331 150.5"},{"d":"M73 850.7L82.1 852.2L87.3 845.1L93.9 840.6L99.2 832.6L98.7 827L95.5 823.4L107.9 808.4L110.6 790.9L111.3 760.2L106.5 749.6L106.6 744.1L99.9 734.2L97 723.2L103.2 706.3L104.3 693.6"},{"d":"M170 832.4L167.4 823.3L165.3 821.8L165.6 807.5L156.8 803.5M147.7 791.2L146.8 777.9L142.6 772.1L142.5 767.2L139 762.8L137.4 753.8L131.9 750.7L129.6 745.8L129.2 739.1L131.1 732.2L129 726.3L119.1 705.6L104.3 693.6"},{"d":"M401.7 296.4L425.1 306.6L447.7 304.9M299.3 217.2L303.5 218.1L318.4 215.2L325.1 220.5L330.7 219.8L330.9 225.2L335.3 231.4L339.1 231.5L338.9 234.4L342.5 238.8L360.2 243.7L371 252.1L374 257.8L374 266.2L380.8 287.7L385.8 292L401.8 296.4"},{"d":"M248.3 106.1L241 108.6L239.1 112.8L255.3 118.1L259.1 124.1L249.3 135.7L228.8 142.3L227.5 149.1L230.4 152.2L231.2 156.2M309.9 71.5L306.9 75.6L280.4 78.7L282 83.8L279.3 87L263.1 84.1L241.8 90.1L240.4 92.7L247.6 99.4"},{"d":"M409.7 266.1L413.8 273.2L413.7 280.8L417.6 292.6L423.3 301.3L422.4 305.1"},{"d":"M771.7 299L775.2 303.8L777.2 316.7L781.5 321.6L796.5 324.6L802.3 323.4L818.9 315L825.5 315.4L834.2 294.9L835.6 287.5L848 274.2L854.1 270.6L863.8 254.4L871.1 250.4L882.9 238.6L900.4 229.3L901.5 224.1L906.8 220.4L929.6 213.6"},{"d":"M916.6 481.5L918.7 481.8L919.2 485.4M916.6 481.5L916.6 480.1L911.8 479.9M1000 254.8L996.9 257.6L993.4 270.9L983.9 289.7L981.8 308.9L983.1 329.4L979.3 340.9L979.3 352.3L960.3 366.7L953.5 373.9L939.9 380.6L938.6 384.7L939.9 387.3L937.3 388.3L933.7 386L925.4 391L925.2 396.1L922.8 396.8L922.4 400.2L916.3 407.8L915.9 418.5L916.7 423.2L927 436.1L926.4 452.7L919.9 459.5L916.9 470.6L913.5 475.5L909.8 479.6L905.8 480.5"},{"d":"M75.6 326.4L84.9 317.2L100.1 314.5"},{"d":"M175.1 260.5L174.7 284.7M181.7 238.3L176.1 247.3L175.6 256"},{"d":"M1000 53.1L986.3 55.9L972.3 65"},{"d":"M104.3 693.6L107.5 677.8L114.4 671.4L127.9 665.6L132.2 660.4L133 652.7L137.2 645L137.6 630.9L129.6 614.8L128.4 603.9L124.7 597.5L116.4 595.3L100.1 611.1L94.8 613L93.2 618.2L81.1 631.6L73.5 633.6L65.8 629.7L59 613.5L57.8 596.3L55.3 588.3L60.4 583.7L60.8 577.5L59.6 574.6L55.7 572.4L54.5 567.3L55.7 563.3L60.5 560.1L63.3 553.1L69.5 547.5L72.3 542.1M113.3 481.9L113.1 455.2L105.5 447.3L104.4 441.9L110.6 433.9L109.9 427.6L98.4 428.9L93.5 425.8L78 404.1L67.2 392.8L67 380.5L64.2 374.3L67.9 360.1L75.2 347.7L76.8 335L75.6 326.4"},{"d":"M208.5 857.9L212.4 865.8L211.5 870.4L220.9 881.3L221.2 890.2L217.9 900"},{"d":"M1000 157.3L997 148.8L1000 131.1M1000 128.6L993.5 128.8L994.7 122.4L993 119L984.3 115.2L981.1 116L969.1 128.6L970 135.2L966.9 138.3L960.1 136.6L952.6 138.1L950.4 142L950.8 146.8L948.2 149.1L939.3 143.6L923.2 151.5"},{"d":"M75.6 326.4L66.9 320.5L64.4 303.9L56.3 292.5"},{"d":"M226.4 738.1L222.2 735.7L213.6 723.5L208.3 728.1L203.4 727L186.8 728.8L182.4 726.7L182.4 719.3"},{"d":"M447.7 304.9L456.3 316.5L467.5 322.2L469.8 328.5L472.4 330.4"},{"d":"M106 324.9L106.1 330.1M101.4 318.7L100.5 297.6"},{"d":"M1000 345.1L991.9 344.4L987.4 346.6"},{"d":"M960.2 69.1L946.3 69.5L943.1 60.9L928.8 48M918.1 44.2L920.3 39L919.9 29.6L924.9 17.7L923.2 12.7L924 6.7L920.4 0.2"},{"d":"M331 150.5L335.2 156.3L342.9 159.9L340 163.7L349.1 169L351.2 172.2L353.2 178.8L351.3 190.9L358.3 202.6L364.8 223.2L367.3 225.6L377.4 228.8L377.7 234.7L375.3 240L377.3 246L383.7 252.8L396.3 259.1L399.9 263.5L409.7 266.1L417.2 262.8L429.9 267.6L430.4 275L435.6 280.9L440.1 283.2L445.3 292.5L447.1 304.2"}],"scale":{"km":500,"label":"500 km","px":113.8},"version":2,"width":1000},"name":"US-Iran-Houthi confrontation over Hormuz and Red Sea","numbers":{"actors":[{"iso2":"IR","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Masoud Pezeshkian","head_of_state":"Mojtaba Khamenei"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":10,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":650000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":47,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":18.45,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":37,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":10.351,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":95,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,2.8],[2017,2.9],[2018,7.6],[2019,-0.7],[2020,-1.7],[2021,3.6],[2022,3.5],[2023,2],[2024,3.2],[2025,0.6],[2026,-1.8]],"unit":"pct","value":-1.8,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":108,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-32.4945,"year":2022},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":8,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":5366.18,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":9,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,2787.06],[2015,2762.9],[2016,2920.46],[2017,3023.71],[2018,3121.94],[2019,3297.1],[2020,3421.38],[2021,3375.4],[2022,3490.12],[2023,3596.1],[2024,3589.79]],"unit":"twh","value":3589.79,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":114,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,20.3098],[2017,21.8329],[2018,29.6397],[2019,22.3147],[2020,18.3904],[2021,22.0192],[2022,25.5666],[2023,23.9216],[2024,23.5515],[2025,25.7544]],"unit":"pct","value":25.7544,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":49,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":93406500000,"year":2025},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":120,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":2.21281,"year":2024},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":72,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":9654300000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":151,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-1.7],[2017,-1.5],[2018,-1.6],[2019,-4.3],[2020,-4.9],[2021,-3],[2022,-2.6],[2023,-3],[2024,-2.7],[2025,-5.7],[2026,-5.2]],"unit":"pct","value":-5.2,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":21,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":56.3615,"year":2022},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":4,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2453.94,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2629.16,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":43,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,478618000000],[2017,510240000000],[2018,411903000000],[2019,347988000000],[2020,280934000000],[2021,407351000000],[2022,422662000000],[2023,457510000000],[2024,475252000000],[2025,362682000000]],"unit":"usd","value":362682000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":190,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8.81509],[2017,3.02685],[2018,-3.74796],[2019,-2.36144],[2020,4.44181],[2021,4.1309],[2022,4.35281],[2023,5.33235],[2024,3.66312],[2025,-2.82597]],"unit":"pct","value":-2.82597,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":133,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5710.6],[2017,6000.93],[2018,4783.01],[2019,3997.49],[2020,3202.5],[2021,4605.15],[2022,4721.2],[2023,5049.3],[2024,5190.17],[2025,3924.38]],"unit":"usd","value":3924.38,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":139,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,45.9],[2017,43.2],[2018,41.6],[2019,44.6],[2020,47.1],[2021,39.9],[2022,34.5],[2023,29.6],[2024,31.2],[2025,37.3],[2026,37.3]],"unit":"pct","value":37.3,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":105,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,19.5675],[2017,21.3228],[2018,26.9757],[2019,26.2771],[2020,25.4941],[2021,20.6532],[2022,23.3517],[2023,25.4719],[2024,28.5107],[2025,34.4882]],"unit":"pct","value":34.4882,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":43,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":125083000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":35,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,12264000000],[2017,13931200000],[2018,11795800000],[2019,4921060000],[2020,3349700000],[2021,5699580000],[2022,7459330000],[2023,7390860000],[2024,7891900000]],"unit":"usd","value":7891900000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":60,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,2.79644],[2017,2.84434],[2018,2.35629],[2019,2.14695],[2020,2.17701],[2021,2.22394],[2022,2.11062],[2023,2.35179],[2024,2.01043]],"unit":"pct","value":2.01043,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":11,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1044.64,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":5,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2726.67,"year":2024},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":17,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,83812200],[2017,85026800],[2018,86118000],[2019,87051600],[2020,87723400],[2021,88455500],[2022,89524200],[2023,90608700],[2024,91567700],[2025,92417700]],"unit":"people","value":92417700,"year":2025}},"name":"Iran","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":27.7,"value":22425500000},{"iso2":"IQ","name":"Iraq","share":9.1,"value":7344900000},{"iso2":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","share":7.4,"value":6005580000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":7.1,"value":5778730000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":2.3,"value":1887790000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":56.4,"value":45600400000},{"name":"Metals","share":13.4,"value":10823900000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":10.5,"value":8524220000},{"name":"Plastics and rubber","share":7.3,"value":5893510000},{"name":"Vegetable products","share":3.7,"value":2991240000}],"total":80900400000,"year":2022},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","share":30.7,"value":18006900000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":26.5,"value":15562200000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":10.4,"value":6084390000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":4.6,"value":2693240000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":3.2,"value":1887350000}],"products":[{"name":"Vegetable products","share":25.6,"value":15033900000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":24.9,"value":14625500000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":11.9,"value":7013770000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":8.5,"value":4969570000},{"name":"Metals","share":5.4,"value":3193760000}],"total":58726200000,"year":2022}}},{"iso2":"US","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Donald Trump","head_of_state":"Donald Trump"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":5,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":1395000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2195.63,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":5,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2947.84,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":121,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-2.1],[2017,-1.9],[2018,-2.1],[2019,-2.1],[2020,-2.8],[2021,-3.6],[2022,-3.8],[2023,-3.3],[2024,-4],[2025,-3.6],[2026,-3.7]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.7,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":101,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-9.00059,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":23255.3,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":2,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,25995.9],[2015,25747.4],[2016,25727.1],[2017,25822.2],[2018,26769],[2019,26578.5],[2020,24630.4],[2021,25956.8],[2022,26512.5],[2023,26216.5],[2024,26528.6]],"unit":"twh","value":26528.6,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":161,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,11.8882],[2017,12.1775],[2018,12.2871],[2019,11.7892],[2020,10.1231],[2021,10.8267],[2022,11.6541],[2023,11.0507],[2024,10.9747]],"unit":"pct","value":10.9747,"year":2024},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":3215370000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":171,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-4.4],[2017,-4.8],[2018,-5.3],[2019,-5.8],[2020,-14.1],[2021,-11.5],[2022,-3.7],[2023,-7.9],[2024,-7.9],[2025,-6.8],[2026,-7.5]],"unit":"pct","value":-7.5,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":40,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":18.3113,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":9021.99,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":10330,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":1,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,18804900000000],[2017,19612100000000],[2018,20656500000000],[2019,21540000000000],[2020,21375300000000],[2021,23725600000000],[2022,26054600000000],[2023,27811500000000],[2024,29298000000000],[2025,30769700000000]],"unit":"usd","value":30769700000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":128,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.81945],[2017,2.45762],[2018,2.96651],[2019,2.58383],[2020,-2.08138],[2021,6.15202],[2022,2.52421],[2023,2.93436],[2024,2.79319],[2025,2.16138]],"unit":"pct","value":2.16138,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":9,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,57976.6],[2017,60047.7],[2018,62875.7],[2019,65228],[2020,64465.3],[2021,71441.2],[2022,78008.7],[2023,82586.8],[2024,86169.7],[2025,90026.5]],"unit":"usd","value":90026.5,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":12,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,107.4],[2017,106.4],[2018,107.7],[2019,108.8],[2020,132.6],[2021,125],[2022,119.1],[2023,120],[2024,122.3],[2025,123.9],[2026,125.8]],"unit":"pct","value":125.8,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":167,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,14.5644],[2017,14.9479],[2018,15.1582],[2019,14.4693],[2020,13.0169],[2021,14.4061],[2022,15.2538],[2023,13.8786],[2024,14.0413]],"unit":"pct","value":14.0413,"year":2024},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":1,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":4113830000000,"year":2024},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":1,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,639856000000],[2017,646753000000],[2018,682491000000],[2019,734344000000],[2020,778397000000],[2021,806230000000],[2022,860692000000],[2023,916015000000],[2024,997309000000]],"unit":"usd","value":997309000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":20,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3.4026],[2017,3.29772],[2018,3.304],[2019,3.40921],[2020,3.64519],[2021,3.40452],[2022,3.30948],[2023,3.30444],[2024,3.41922]],"unit":"pct","value":3.41922,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":9948.95,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":9977.38,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":24,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,0.625],[2017,1.375],[2018,2.375],[2019,1.625],[2020,0.125],[2021,0.125],[2022,4.375],[2023,5.375],[2024,4.375],[2025,3.625],[2026,3.625]],"unit":"pct","value":3.625,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":3,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,324353000],[2017,326609000],[2018,328530000],[2019,330226000],[2020,331578000],[2021,332100000],[2022,333996000],[2023,336755000],[2024,340004000],[2025,341785000]],"unit":"people","value":341785000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":120,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":2.83633,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,405942000000],[2017,451285000000],[2018,449907000000],[2019,516701000000],[2020,628370000000],[2021,716152000000],[2022,706644000000],[2023,773426000000],[2024,910037000000],[2025,1385450000000]],"unit":"usd","value":1385450000000,"year":2025}},"name":"United States","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CA","name":"Canada","share":17.5,"value":352760000000},{"iso2":"MX","name":"Mexico","share":16,"value":323228000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":7.3,"value":147806000000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":4.1,"value":82186200000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":3.8,"value":76472600000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":21.4,"value":432795000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":16.1,"value":324950000000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":16,"value":323171000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":11.4,"value":230315000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":8.5,"value":171047000000}],"total":2018540000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"MX","name":"Mexico","share":15.2,"value":480051000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":14.1,"value":448017000000},{"iso2":"CA","name":"Canada","share":13.6,"value":429605000000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":5.1,"value":162959000000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":4.8,"value":151581000000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":29.1,"value":922652000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":13.2,"value":417929000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":12.2,"value":386706000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":10.4,"value":328750000000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":8.4,"value":266592000000}],"total":3168470000000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"SA","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud","head_of_state":"Salman bin Abdulaziz Al Saud"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":25,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":282000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":63,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1.721,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":159,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":93,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.9],[2017,1.2],[2018,7.9],[2019,3.6],[2020,-4.5],[2021,4.6],[2022,11.7],[2023,2.1],[2024,-1.3],[2025,-3],[2026,-1.6]],"unit":"pct","value":-1.6,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":127,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-178.2,"year":2022},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":4,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":7148.09,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":10,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,2931.72],[2015,3056.62],[2016,3179.84],[2017,3181.82],[2018,3101.68],[2019,2967.38],[2020,2888.25],[2021,2982.35],[2022,3150.05],[2023,3200.74],[2024,3290.42]],"unit":"twh","value":3290.42,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":106,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,29.1431],[2017,32.3625],[2018,35.521],[2019,32.1592],[2020,23.8098],[2021,29.1557],[2022,35.985],[2023,30.756],[2024,29.388],[2025,29.7449]],"unit":"pct","value":29.7449,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":26,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":379825000000,"year":2025},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":112,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-13.2],[2017,-8.6],[2018,-5.2],[2019,-4],[2020,-10.2],[2021,-2],[2022,2.2],[2023,-1.8],[2024,-2.5],[2025,-5.8],[2026,-3.5]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.5,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":11,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":79.3976,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":6,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1214.83,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":8,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1214.83,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":19,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,689279000000],[2017,741266000000],[2018,886565000000],[2019,888890000000],[2020,767951000000],[2021,982661000000],[2022,1239080000000],[2023,1218580000000],[2024,1254140000000],[2025,1276940000000]],"unit":"usd","value":1276940000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":57,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.70405],[2017,1.18211],[2018,3.22695],[2019,1.65159],[2020,-3.80479],[2021,6.5196],[2022,12.0006],[2023,0.542592],[2024,2.64893],[2025,4.50247]],"unit":"pct","value":4.50247,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":36,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,22267.7],[2017,23929.3],[2018,29360.1],[2019,29566.8],[2020,24338.8],[2021,31920.8],[2022,38510.2],[2023,36156.9],[2024,35527.8],[2025,34536.7]],"unit":"usd","value":34536.7,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":150,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,12.2],[2017,15.9],[2018,16.8],[2019,20.3],[2020,29.7],[2021,25.5],[2022,21.3],[2023,23],[2024,25.9],[2025,31.7],[2026,32.1]],"unit":"pct","value":32.1,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":131,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,28.7786],[2017,27.1694],[2018,23.5819],[2019,24.6346],[2020,23.7233],[2021,21.7283],[2022,20.8392],[2023,25.0415],[2024,27.0169],[2025,28.1733]],"unit":"pct","value":28.1733,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":26,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":359758000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":7,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,63672800000],[2017,70400000000],[2018,74612300000],[2019,65362700000],[2020,64558400000],[2021,63194700000],[2022,70920000000],[2023,77765300000],[2024,80330700000]],"unit":"usd","value":80330700000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":4,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,9.56048],[2017,9.84623],[2018,8.81334],[2019,7.79459],[2020,8.79217],[2021,7.22922],[2022,6.39742],[2023,7.28424],[2024,7.2981]],"unit":"pct","value":7.2981,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":5,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2048.46,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":5933.26,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":20,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,2],[2017,2],[2018,3],[2019,2.25],[2020,1],[2021,1],[2022,5],[2023,6],[2024,5],[2025,4.25],[2026,4.25]],"unit":"pct","value":4.25,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":43,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,30954200],[2017,30977400],[2018,30196300],[2019,30063800],[2020,31552500],[2021,30784400],[2022,32175200],[2023,33702700],[2024,35300300],[2025,36973600]],"unit":"people","value":36973600,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":5,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":15.5945,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":8,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,547267000000],[2017,509457000000],[2018,509469000000],[2019,514963000000],[2020,472851000000],[2021,473890000000],[2022,478232000000],[2023,457949000000],[2024,463870000000],[2025,505164000000]],"unit":"usd","value":505164000000,"year":2025}},"name":"Saudi Arabia","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","share":4.3,"value":13759000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":2.4,"value":7610500000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":1.9,"value":6216190000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":1,"value":3072580000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":0.9,"value":2758940000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":77,"value":246467000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":6.7,"value":21532800000},{"name":"Plastics and rubber","share":5.7,"value":18099200000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":2.2,"value":7153710000},{"name":"Metals","share":2,"value":6448380000}],"total":320018000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":20.9,"value":43346600000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":9.1,"value":18901100000},{"iso2":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","share":6.4,"value":13347400000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":5.6,"value":11618800000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":4.4,"value":9124960000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":22.1,"value":45809300000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":14.7,"value":30342900000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":8.9,"value":18448500000},{"name":"Metals","share":8.9,"value":18406300000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":8.9,"value":18348900000}],"total":206940000000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"IL","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Benjamin Netanyahu","head_of_state":"Isaac Herzog"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":36,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":178000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":34,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":30.757,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":119,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":51,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,3.2],[2017,3.2],[2018,2.5],[2019,3],[2020,3.8],[2021,3.1],[2022,2.7],[2023,3.1],[2024,2.9],[2025,1.5],[2026,1.9]],"unit":"pct","value":1.9,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":85,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":13.7342,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":46,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":214.525,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":58,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,260.622],[2015,275.029],[2016,280.57],[2017,285.686],[2018,292.212],[2019,301.506],[2020,285.135],[2021,292.044],[2022,307.838],[2023,284.39],[2024,277.774]],"unit":"twh","value":277.774,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":110,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,29.7753],[2017,29.0661],[2018,29.758],[2019,29.0854],[2020,27.1546],[2021,28.8186],[2022,31.3653],[2023,30.3285],[2024,28.399],[2025,27.5584]],"unit":"pct","value":27.5584,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":36,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":168320000000,"year":2025},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":156,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-1.8],[2017,-1.2],[2018,-3.6],[2019,-3.8],[2020,-10.6],[2021,-3.4],[2022,0.3],[2023,-5.4],[2024,-8.1],[2025,-5.2],[2026,-5.9]],"unit":"pct","value":-5.9,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":77,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":5.3197,"year":2022},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":47,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":103.789,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":30,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":214.277,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":26,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,321084000000],[2017,357361000000],[2018,375470000000],[2019,399208000000],[2020,410909000000],[2021,489735000000],[2022,525158000000],[2023,513393000000],[2024,542284000000],[2025,610778000000]],"unit":"usd","value":610778000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":106,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,4.53602],[2017,4.34395],[2018,4.0535],[2019,3.57899],[2020,-1.80207],[2021,9.33535],[2022,6.36407],[2023,2.06273],[2024,0.953618],[2025,2.93115]],"unit":"pct","value":2.93115,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":18,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,37571.3],[2017,41013.3],[2018,42269.4],[2019,44091.9],[2020,44590.8],[2021,52258.5],[2022,54947.2],[2023,52126.4],[2024,54216.5],[2025,60336.8]],"unit":"usd","value":60336.8,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":56,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,61.7],[2017,59.8],[2018,60.1],[2019,59.3],[2020,71.1],[2021,67.7],[2022,60.3],[2023,61.3],[2024,67.7],[2025,68.5],[2026,69.8]],"unit":"pct","value":69.8,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":140,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,28.178],[2017,27.3858],[2018,29.1154],[2019,27.4428],[2020,23.9858],[2021,25.9998],[2022,29.2705],[2023,27.6493],[2024,25.9832],[2025,25.4309]],"unit":"pct","value":25.4309,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":38,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":155326000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":12,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,17434600000],[2017,19357000000],[2018,19899800000],[2019,20339200000],[2020,21816600000],[2021,24341000000],[2022,23406100000],[2023,27498500000],[2024,46505300000]],"unit":"usd","value":46505300000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5.41749],[2017,5.42683],[2018,5.2882],[2019,5.07213],[2020,5.27626],[2021,4.93495],[2022,4.43301],[2023,5.3848],[2024,8.77672]],"unit":"pct","value":8.77672,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":52,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":114.591,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":94,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0.248,"year":2016},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":25,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,0.1],[2017,0.1],[2018,0.25],[2019,0.25],[2020,0.1],[2021,0.1],[2022,3.25],[2023,4.75],[2024,4.5],[2025,4.25],[2026,3.5]],"unit":"pct","value":3.5,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":95,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8546000],[2017,8713300],[2018,8882800],[2019,9054000],[2020,9215100],[2021,9371400],[2022,9557500],[2023,9849000],[2024,10002200],[2025,10122800]],"unit":"people","value":10122800,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":6,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":14.5416,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":18,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,95446300000],[2017,113010000000],[2018,115266000000],[2019,126008000000],[2020,173292000000],[2021,212934000000],[2022,194231000000],[2023,204661000000],[2024,214544000000],[2025,229487000000]],"unit":"usd","value":229487000000,"year":2025}},"name":"Israel","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":29.4,"value":17332500000},{"iso2":"IE","name":"Ireland","share":5.8,"value":3422070000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":5.8,"value":3399990000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":4.1,"value":2399320000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":3.8,"value":2239610000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":29.4,"value":17337700000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":18.7,"value":11032400000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":16.6,"value":9791410000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":14,"value":8229030000},{"name":"Plastics and rubber","share":5.3,"value":3100160000}],"total":58904600000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":17.8,"value":16329300000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":10.5,"value":9686390000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":6.1,"value":5648600000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":5.7,"value":5272400000},{"iso2":"IT","name":"Italy","share":3.9,"value":3541320000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":23.6,"value":21708400000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":11.8,"value":10835900000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":11.5,"value":10574900000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":9.3,"value":8536330000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":8.1,"value":7480870000}],"total":91876900000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"PK","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Shehbaz Sharif","head_of_state":"Asif Ali Zardari"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":6,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":943000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":20,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":114.739,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":18,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":99.377,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":71,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-1.6],[2017,-3.6],[2018,-5.4],[2019,-4.2],[2020,-1.5],[2021,-0.8],[2022,-4.7],[2023,-1],[2024,-0.6],[2025,0.5],[2026,-0.4]],"unit":"pct","value":-0.4,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":58,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":39.7926,"year":2022},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":37,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":415.175,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":31,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,786.308],[2015,829.312],[2016,900.437],[2017,951.993],[2018,967.48],[2019,973.635],[2020,959.67],[2021,1066.01],[2022,979.101],[2023,904.241],[2024,888.373]],"unit":"twh","value":888.373,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":164,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8.73672],[2017,8.22161],[2018,8.5818],[2019,9.39086],[2020,9.29856],[2021,9.0516],[2022,10.5406],[2023,10.494],[2024,10.3855],[2025,9.98521]],"unit":"pct","value":9.98521,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":68,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":40670500000,"year":2025},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":78,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":35.6283,"year":2024},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":17,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":129718000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":99,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.9],[2017,-5.2],[2018,-5.7],[2019,-7.8],[2020,-7],[2021,-6],[2022,-7.8],[2023,-7.8],[2024,-6.8],[2025,-5.4],[2026,-3.2]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.2,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":110,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":1.71807,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":24,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":370.519,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":27,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":260.888,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":40,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,313630000000],[2017,339206000000],[2018,356128000000],[2019,320909000000],[2020,300426000000],[2021,348517000000],[2022,374890000000],[2023,336686000000],[2024,371747000000],[2025,407307000000]],"unit":"usd","value":407307000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":83,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,6.57384],[2017,4.43263],[2018,6.1517],[2019,2.49764],[2020,-1.27409],[2021,6.51389],[2022,4.77811],[2023,-0.414936],[2024,3.08176],[2025,3.69843]],"unit":"pct","value":3.69843,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":161,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1424.69],[2017,1519.23],[2018,1569.34],[2019,1390.42],[2020,1278.4],[2021,1455.32],[2022,1538.32],[2023,1360.32],[2024,1479.48],[2025,1595.91]],"unit":"usd","value":1595.91,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":55,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,62.1],[2017,62.1],[2018,66.3],[2019,78.7],[2020,80.8],[2021,74.7],[2022,77.3],[2023,78.5],[2024,70.2],[2025,72.8],[2026,70.1]],"unit":"pct","value":70.1,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":160,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,15.9649],[2017,17.2504],[2018,19.0443],[2019,19.5147],[2020,17.4177],[2021,17.9788],[2022,22.4908],[2023,17.9737],[2024,17.1798],[2025,17.2083]],"unit":"pct","value":17.2083,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":56,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":70090800000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":30,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,10004700000],[2017,11378200000],[2018,11537400000],[2019,10223100000],[2020,10241000000],[2021,11649400000],[2022,10358100000],[2023,8626160000],[2024,10166000000]],"unit":"usd","value":10166000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":34,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3.20378],[2017,3.36445],[2018,3.58696],[2019,3.50584],[2020,3.48668],[2021,3.38924],[2022,3.17683],[2023,2.8808],[2024,2.6676]],"unit":"pct","value":2.6676,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":38,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":229.708,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":42,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":54.91,"year":2016},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":5,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,220139000],[2017,223274000],[2018,226929000],[2019,230801000],[2020,235002000],[2021,239478000],[2022,243701000],[2023,247504000],[2024,251269000],[2025,255220000]],"unit":"people","value":255220000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":96,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":3.75531,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":62,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,22027600000],[2017,18455900000],[2018,11837200000],[2019,16586000000],[2020,18521700000],[2021,22811500000],[2022,9926590000],[2023,13730400000],[2024,18407700000],[2025,26455800000]],"unit":"usd","value":26455800000,"year":2025}},"name":"Pakistan","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":17.4,"value":5010810000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":9.5,"value":2743200000},{"iso2":"GB","name":"United Kingdom","share":6.9,"value":1975320000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":5.3,"value":1517630000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":5,"value":1443450000}],"products":[{"name":"Textiles and clothing","share":56.1,"value":16132000000},{"name":"Vegetable products","share":15.8,"value":4553170000},{"name":"Foodstuffs","share":4.6,"value":1311250000},{"name":"Metals","share":4.1,"value":1192910000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":3.6,"value":1039770000}],"total":28746400000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":23.4,"value":11694800000},{"iso2":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","share":9.6,"value":4821390000},{"iso2":"SA","name":"Saudi Arabia","share":8.9,"value":4475570000},{"iso2":"ID","name":"Indonesia","share":7,"value":3492730000},{"iso2":"QA","name":"Qatar","share":6.6,"value":3297010000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":33.4,"value":16717800000},{"name":"Vegetable products","share":15.1,"value":7574600000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":12.4,"value":6186410000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":11.4,"value":5721900000},{"name":"Metals","share":7.6,"value":3812820000}],"total":50009400000,"year":2023}}}],"as_of":"2026-11-01","trackers":[{"age_days":7,"as_of":"2026-10-25","cadence":"weekly","changes":{"1y":{"from":13,"from_period":"2025-10-25","pct":0},"30d":{"from":10,"from_period":"2026-09-25","pct":30},"7d":{"from":17,"from_period":"2026-10-18","pct":-23.53}},"freq":"daily","history_days":1857,"history_since":"2021-09-24","id":"chk_bab_el_mandeb_tanker_transits","internal":false,"name":"Bab el-Mandeb — daily tanker transits","new":false,"note":"weekly data · latest week to 25 Oct","outside":false,"outside_note":"","percentile_1y":60.1,"percentile_window":{"days":365,"n":365,"value":60.1},"plain":"How many oil and fuel tankers passed through Bab el-Mandeb on a day. A fall here can tighten oil and gas supply and push prices up.","reasons":[],"source":"IMF PortWatch","source_url":"https://portwatch.imf.org/","spark":[13,14,21,10,11,15,12,13,10,11,12,10,17,10,13,15,13,13,18,19,18,8,12,21,13,16,20,11,16,12,11,16,9,10,13,10,10,16,14,11,11,13,14,11,7,14,13,6,13,12,6,6,5,6,8,7,8,6,9,13],"status":"current","step_key":"7d","step_label":"prior week","unit":"ships/day","unusual":false,"value":13},{"age_days":7,"as_of":"2026-10-25","cadence":"weekly","changes":{"1y":{"from":42,"from_period":"2025-10-25","pct":-14.29},"30d":{"from":29,"from_period":"2026-09-25","pct":24.14},"7d":{"from":32,"from_period":"2026-10-18","pct":12.5}},"freq":"daily","history_days":1857,"history_since":"2021-09-24","id":"chk_bab_el_mandeb_transits","internal":false,"name":"Bab el-Mandeb — daily vessel transits","new":false,"note":"weekly data · latest week to 25 Oct","outside":false,"outside_note":"","percentile_1y":61.6,"percentile_window":{"days":365,"n":365,"value":61.6},"plain":"How many ships passed through Bab el-Mandeb on a day. A chokepoint is a narrow passage that world shipping has to squeeze through, so a sudden drop usually means closure, danger or rerouting.","reasons":["change"],"source":"IMF PortWatch","source_url":"https://portwatch.imf.org/","spark":[42,42,50,34,38,45,29,40,27,23,30,29,42,32,37,42,37,30,43,49,46,28,21,49,38,38,39,32,48,36,27,32,30,34,42,32,28,41,42,30,36,29,41,40,30,38,31,25,32,36,29,23,20,27,31,22,33,17,36,36],"status":"current","step_key":"7d","step_label":"prior week","unit":"ships/day","unusual":true,"value":36},{"age_days":1,"as_of":"2026-10-31","cadence":"daily","changes":{"7d":{"from":0,"from_period":"2026-10-24","pct":null},"prev":{"from":0,"from_period":"2026-10-30","pct":null}},"freq":"daily","history_days":20,"history_since":"2026-10-11","id":"live_ais_bab_el_mandeb_tanker_transits","internal":false,"name":"Bab el-Mandeb — tankers crossing (Ohmega AIS count)","new":true,"note":"daily data · latest 31 Oct","outside":false,"outside_note":"","percentile_1y":null,"percentile_window":{"days":20,"n":21,"value":50},"plain":"Oil and fuel tankers that crossed Bab el-Mandeb on a UTC day, counted from ships' public position broadcasts (AIS). A drop can mean fuel flows are being held up.","reasons":[],"source":"Ohmega AIS count (aisstream.io)","source_url":"https://aisstream.io/","spark":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"status":"current","step_key":"prev","step_label":"prior day","unit":"ships/day","unusual":false,"value":0},{"age_days":1,"as_of":"2026-10-31","cadence":"daily","changes":{"7d":{"from":0,"from_period":"2026-10-24","pct":null},"prev":{"from":0,"from_period":"2026-10-30","pct":null}},"freq":"daily","history_days":20,"history_since":"2026-10-11","id":"live_ais_bab_el_mandeb_transits","internal":false,"name":"Bab el-Mandeb — ships crossing (Ohmega AIS count)","new":true,"note":"daily data · latest 31 Oct","outside":false,"outside_note":"","percentile_1y":null,"percentile_window":{"days":20,"n":21,"value":50},"plain":"Ships that crossed Bab el-Mandeb on a UTC day, counted by Ohmega from ships' public position broadcasts (AIS). Coverage is partial, so read the trend, not the exact number.","reasons":[],"source":"Ohmega AIS count (aisstream.io)","source_url":"https://aisstream.io/","spark":[0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0,0],"status":"current","step_key":"prev","step_label":"prior day","unit":"ships/day","unusual":false,"value":0}]},"on_record":[{"about":["Iran"],"about_iso2":["IR"],"affiliation":"United States","date":"2026-10-23","id":"st_48a8b6cc6760","iso2":"US","paraphrase":"Washington may carry out another operation like the US-Israeli campaign against Iran that began on February 28.","quote":"may do another little Epic Fury","reported_by":"Al-Monitor","role":"President","signal":"threat","significance":"Explicit threat to resume large-scale US-Israeli strikes on Iran, raising escalation risk ahead of Tehran talks.","speaker":"Donald Trump","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2026/10/houthis-attack-saudi-arabia-high-stakes-talks-tehran","venue":"other"},{"about":["United States","Israel"],"about_iso2":["US","IL"],"affiliation":"Iran","date":"2026-10-25","id":"st_599ed25eb51c","iso2":"IR","paraphrase":"Warned that even limited strikes would trigger a response several times greater.","quote":"several times greater","reported_by":"Africanews","role":"","signal":"threat","significance":"Deterrent warning of disproportionate retaliation to any limited US or Israeli strike.","speaker":"Islamic Revolutionary Guard Corps","stance":-2,"url":"http://www.africanews.com/2026/10/25/iranian-president-blames-united-states-for-failure-of-interim-peace-deal/","venue":"statement"},{"about":["United States","Israel","Iran"],"about_iso2":["US","IL","IR"],"affiliation":"Iran","date":"2026-10-29","id":"st_5dc1e572ae32","iso2":"IR","paraphrase":"Tehran is prepared for a diplomatic settlement but is also ready to respond forcefully if hostilities resume, and a future Iranian response would not necessarily be confined to American military assets","quote":"","reported_by":"Jerusalem Post","role":"senior official","signal":"threat","significance":"Signals conditional willingness for diplomacy paired with threat of broader retaliation beyond US military targets if struck again.","speaker":"Iranian senior official","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-913265","venue":"interview"},{"about":["Iran","United States","Saudi Arabia","Turkiye","Pakistan","Qatar"],"about_iso2":["IR","US","SA","TR","PK","QA"],"affiliation":"Pakistan","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_9273f000ff37","iso2":"PK","paraphrase":"Field Marshal Asim Munir, with US President Donald Trump's blessing to pursue diplomacy, presented Iran with a proposal offering something to both Washington and Tehran, and the Mecca pact states plus Qatar could act as guarantors if accepted","quote":"","reported_by":"Al Jazeera","role":"official","signal":"offer","significance":"Signals US-backed Pakistani mediation proposal for US-Iran deal with regional guarantors","speaker":"Pakistani official","stance":1,"url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/27/iran-saudi-turkiye-and-pakistan-agree-to-more-talks-amid-houthi-attacks?traffic_source=rss","venue":"other"},{"about":["Iran","United States","Qatar","Pakistan"],"about_iso2":["IR","US","QA","PK"],"affiliation":"Saudi Arabia","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_b7b9fe29124c","iso2":"SA","paraphrase":"The Saudi Foreign Ministry said Prince Khalid bin Salman's visit to Tehran is part of ongoing efforts by Mecca Pact member states to de-escalate the current crisis, promote dialogue and diplomatic solutions, and support mediation led by Qatar and Pakistan.","quote":"to de-escalate the current crisis, promote dialogue and diplomatic solutions, and support the mediation efforts led by the State of Qatar and the Islamic Republic of Pakistan,","reported_by":"Al-Monitor","role":"Foreign Ministry","signal":"commitment","significance":"Publicly ties Saudi-led Mecca Pact to Qatar-Pakistan mediation between Iran and the US amid threats of renewed US/Israeli attacks.","speaker":"Saudi Foreign Ministry","stance":1,"url":"https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2026/10/saudi-arabias-kbs-top-turkish-and-pakistani-officials-hold-rare-meeting-iran-what","venue":"statement"},{"about":["Iran"],"about_iso2":["IR"],"affiliation":"United States","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_7cd6170cf8c8","iso2":"US","paraphrase":"The US may strike Iran again","quote":"","reported_by":"Al Jazeera","role":"President","signal":"threat","significance":"Renewed US threat of military action sharpens context for Tehran talks and de-escalation efforts","speaker":"Donald Trump","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/27/iran-saudi-turkiye-and-pakistan-agree-to-more-talks-amid-houthi-attacks?traffic_source=rss","venue":"other"},{"about":["Iran"],"about_iso2":["IR"],"affiliation":"United States","date":"2026-10-23","id":"st_bddb218eef80","iso2":"US","paraphrase":"Warned that Washington could launch another major operation against Iran.","quote":"","reported_by":"Africanews","role":"President","signal":"threat","significance":"Indicates potential resumption of large-scale US military action against Iran.","speaker":"Donald Trump","stance":-2,"url":"http://www.africanews.com/2026/10/25/iranian-president-blames-united-states-for-failure-of-interim-peace-deal/","venue":"statement"},{"about":["Iran","United States","Gulf states"],"about_iso2":["IR","US"],"affiliation":"Israel","date":"2026-10-18","id":"st_d4989b0f503c","iso2":"IL","paraphrase":"Any Iranian surprise offensive will trigger an exceptionally severe military response; Israel's objectives regarding Iran's nuclear project, missile array and defense industry infrastructure are not yet complete, and should Iran initiate an attack Israel may act with greater force than during Operation Lion's Roar, including strikes on national infrastructure previously limited by Washington to shorten conflict duration","quote":"","reported_by":"Jerusalem Post","role":"official","signal":"threat","significance":"Explicit Israeli deterrent threat and signal that restraints on striking Iranian national infrastructure may be lifted in next conflict","speaker":"Israel","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.jpost.com/middle-east/iran-news/article-911995","venue":"other"},{"about":["Iran","Israel","United States"],"about_iso2":["IR","IL","US"],"affiliation":"Iran","date":"2026-10-18","id":"st_c82703a71f00","iso2":"IR","paraphrase":"In response to talk of finishing the job against Iran, Iran emerged stronger after the last war and is willing to confront another attempt, but warns it also has unfinished business.","quote":"Last time you wanted to \"finish the job\", Iran emerged even stronger. Want to try your luck again? Be our guest. But be careful; we have unfinished jobs too,","reported_by":"Middle East Eye","role":"Foreign Minister","signal":"threat","significance":"Deterrent warning that Iran would retaliate and has unresolved retaliatory options if Israel/US renew war.","speaker":"Abbas Araghchi","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/araghchi-says-netanyahu-pushing-renewed-war-iran","venue":"other"},{"about":["Iran","United States"],"about_iso2":["IR","US"],"affiliation":"United States","date":"2026-10-28","id":"st_2cfb17e75077","iso2":"US","paraphrase":"Trump said the US is in a very good position on Iran and that ending the conflict is a question of when he wants to end it.","quote":"I think with Iran, we're in a very good position. It's a question of, when do I want to end it?","reported_by":"Anadolu Agency","role":"US President","signal":"threat","significance":"Asserts US dominance and personal control over timing of resolution, implying coercive leverage over Tehran.","speaker":"Donald Trump","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.aa.com.tr/en/americas/trump-says-meeting-with-putin-zelenskyy-to-be-arranged-very-soon/4103306","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Saudi Arabia","Houthis"],"about_iso2":["SA"],"affiliation":"Pakistan","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_16c871355119","iso2":"PK","paraphrase":"Pakistan's Foreign Ministry condemned Houthi missile and drone attacks against Saudi Arabia, including in Medina and Mecca, calling them grave violations of the kingdom's sovereignty, and reiterated Islamabad's unwavering solidarity with Saudi Arabia under the Mecca agreement.","quote":"grave violations","reported_by":"Al-Monitor","role":"Foreign Ministry","signal":"commitment","significance":"Invokes Mecca Pact collective-defense commitment to reassure Saudi Arabia after Houthi escalation and signal alliance activation.","speaker":"Pakistan Foreign Ministry","stance":2,"url":"https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2026/10/saudi-arabias-kbs-top-turkish-and-pakistani-officials-hold-rare-meeting-iran-what","venue":"statement"},{"about":["Iran","Qatar","Pakistan"],"about_iso2":["IR","QA","PK"],"affiliation":"Saudi Arabia","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_149561d83aa5","iso2":"SA","paraphrase":"The Saudi Foreign Ministry said the Tehran meeting was in line with the kingdom's role in promoting regional and international dialogue and peace.","quote":"","reported_by":"Al-Monitor","role":"Foreign Ministry","signal":"reassurance","significance":"Frames rare Mecca Pact-Iran engagement as Saudi-led de-escalation diplomacy rather than alignment against Iran.","speaker":"Saudi Foreign Ministry","stance":1,"url":"https://www.al-monitor.com/originals/2026/10/saudi-arabias-kbs-top-turkish-and-pakistani-officials-hold-rare-meeting-iran-what","venue":"statement"},{"about":["Iran","Yemen","Houthis"],"about_iso2":["IR","YE"],"affiliation":"Yemen","date":"2026-10-22","id":"st_110ec0bf89a5","iso2":"YE","paraphrase":"Yemen's representative accused Iran of supplying advanced conventional weapons and technical assistance to the Houthi movement, prolonging the conflict, and said the illicit flow is a direct threat to regional and international security, not just a domestic issue.","quote":"The illicit flow of conventional weapons into Houthi militias is therefore not merely a domestic concern for Yemen, but a direct threat to regional and international security","reported_by":"","role":"Representative","signal":"accusation","significance":"Public accusation of Iranian arms transfers to non-state actor, escalating Yemen conflict to regional security threat requiring international response.","speaker":"Yemen's representative","stance":-2,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gadis3775.doc.htm","venue":"other"},{"about":["Iran","United States","Saudi Arabia","Houthis","Strait of Hormuz"],"about_iso2":["IR","US","SA"],"affiliation":"Pakistan","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_bcce72e658d0","iso2":"PK","paraphrase":"Talks focused on building a regional nonaggression network and covered US-Iran negotiations, Houthi attacks on Saudi Arabia, the Strait of Hormuz and the US blockade of Iranian ports","quote":"","reported_by":"Al Jazeera","role":"senior security official","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Reveals broad agenda linking regional nonaggression idea to US-Iran file and maritime security","speaker":"Senior Pakistani security official","stance":1,"url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/27/iran-saudi-turkiye-and-pakistan-agree-to-more-talks-amid-houthi-attacks?traffic_source=rss","venue":"other"},{"about":["Saudi Arabia","Yemen"],"about_iso2":["SA","YE"],"affiliation":"Iran","date":"2026-10-18","id":"st_7080d69a49a4","iso2":"IR","paraphrase":"Iran is ready to facilitate dialogue and engagement between Saudi Arabia and Yemen amid developments in the Arabian Peninsula and escalation of conflicts.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Minister","signal":"offer","significance":"Positions Iran as mediator between Saudi Arabia and Yemen, signaling de-escalation outreach in Arabian Peninsula.","speaker":"Seyed Abbas Araghchi","stance":2,"url":"https://en.mfa.ir/portal/NewsView/796142","venue":"other"},{"about":["Houthis","Saudi Arabia","Yemen"],"about_iso2":["SA","YE"],"affiliation":"Türkiye, Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, Italy, United Kingdom (joint)","date":"2026-10-23","id":"st_e9b17aa06ba2","iso2":"","paraphrase":"The ministers condemned Houthi militia attacks against Saudi Arabia and the Government of Yemen, describing them as appalling.","quote":"the appalling Houthi militia attacks against the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia and the Government of Yemen","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Ministers","signal":"accusation","significance":"R4 plus European powers jointly condemn Houthis and align in support of Saudi Arabia and the Yemeni government.","speaker":"Foreign Ministers of Türkiye, Egypt, Pakistan, Saudi Arabia, France, Germany, Italy and the United Kingdom (joint)","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/joint-press-release-on-the-r4-ministerial-meeting-in-istanbul","venue":"other"}],"outlook":"Diplomatic track via Qatar is likely to continue in coming days, but a breakthrough that reopens Hormuz within two days is unlikely without US concessions on sanctions and force posture that Washington has not signaled. Retaliation risk remains high if US strikes resume, with Khamenei's unrestricted targeting order making a broader exchange more likely than a contained strike. Strait closure and elevated war-risk are almost certain to persist until a verified mine-clearance or a political deal is announced.","pulses":[{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":-1,"id":"pls_iran_gulf_hormuz_maritime_disruption","name":"Strait of Hormuz Maritime Disruption","position":86},{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":9,"id":"pls_iran_gulf_us_iran_israel_military_confrontation","name":"US-Iran-Israel Direct Military Confrontation","position":87},{"band":"severe","change_24h":0,"change_7d":-4,"id":"pls_iran_gulf_us_iran_diplomatic_deadlock","name":"US-Iran Diplomatic Deadlock","position":70},{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_iran_gulf_iran_proxy_axis_escalation","name":"Iran Proxy Axis Escalation","position":99},{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_energy_security_global_hydrocarbon_supply_disruption","name":"Global Hydrocarbon Supply Disruption","position":77},{"band":"severe","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_energy_security_energy_price_and_market_shock","name":"Energy Price and Market Shock","position":72},{"band":"severe","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_red_sea_shipping_red_sea_bab_el_mandeb_disruption","name":"Red Sea–Bab el-Mandeb Shipping Disruption","position":60}],"saga":"The United States, Iran and the Iran-backed Houthis are contesting two shipping chokepoints — the Strait of Hormuz between Iran and Oman and the Red Sea route past Yemen. Washington says its strikes aim to degrade Iran's ability to attack commercial shipping and ensure freedom of navigation, while Tehran calls the strait a red line and says reopening depends on compliance with its regulations.","since_yesterday":[{"kind":"new","what":"Iran-Qatar Doha channel produced a concrete two-day Hormuz reopening proposal conditioned on US sanctions relief, force reduction, oil waivers and release of frozen funds; Washington's tone described as changed via Vance letter."},{"kind":"new","what":"Khamenei ordered immediate, geographically unrestricted retaliation planning including all US-Israeli assets, hardening deterrence alongside diplomacy."},{"kind":"new","what":"UN demanded independent investigation into OHCHR staffer death in Houthi custody with seven other staff still held; Houthi media claimed three civilians wounded in Saudi-led raids on Hodeidah oil facility (single source, unverified)."},{"kind":"unchanged","what":"Strait of Hormuz remains effectively closed with no new UKMTO/JMIC mine-clearance confirmation; four-tanker fire picture from 31 Oct still stands and no new IMF PortWatch or Kpler flow recovery reported."}],"temperature":{"coverage":"rising coverage","heat":3.76,"prior_share":0.0075,"recent_share":0.0236,"trend":"heating"},"theater_id":"thr_us_iran_houthi_confrontation_over_hormuz_and_red","visuals":[{"ai_label":"","as_of":"2026-11-01","asset":"/analytics/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01/anx_dv20261101_2.flow.svg","caption":"","detail":"Oil flow through the Strait of Hormuz versus bypass pipeline capacity as tanker fires keep the strait closed..  Oil flows from Iran to Oman (20 million barrels per day). Strait of Hormuz oil flow Tankers flows from Oman to Bab el-Mandeb (13 ships/day). daily tanker transits against prior week 17 Proposal flows from Iran to Qatar. two-day Hormuz reopening plan tied to US concessions 2026-10-31: Four tankers struck naval mines and caught fire 40 nautical miles south of Lavan island supertanker carrying about two million barrels 25 crew rescued 144 vessels redirected","generator":"native","id":"anx_dv20261101_2","kind":"flow","model":"","preview":"/analytics/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01/anx_dv20261101_2.flow.svg","raster":"","reader_question":"What happens to world oil when the Strait of Hormuz closes and how does the Red Sea route compare?","schematic":false,"sources":[{"label":"eia.gov","url":"https://www.eia.gov/todayinenergy/detail.php?id=65504"},{"label":"aljazeera.com","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/video/newsfeed/2026/10/31/iran-says-four-tankers-on-fire-after-striking-mines-in-hormuz"},{"label":"straitstimes.com","url":"https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/oman-rescues-25-from-burning-ship-iran-halts-tankers"},{"label":"middleeasteye.net","url":"https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/us-centcom-rejects-iranian-reports-vessels-hitting-hormuz-sea-mines"},{"label":"portwatch.imf.org","url":"https://portwatch.imf.org/"},{"label":"aljazeera.com","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/31/iran-fm-says-us-outreach-a-positive-step-as-delegation-in-qatar-for-talks"},{"label":"aljazeera.com","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/11/1/iran-war-live-araghchi-says-talks-under-way-on-2-day-plan-to-reopen-hormuz"},{"label":"aljazeera.com","url":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/liveblog/2026/10/31/iran-war-live-oil-tankers-hit-in-hormuz-trump-says-conflict-will-end-soon"},{"label":"straitstimes.com","url":"https://www.straitstimes.com/world/united-states/trump-says-us-still-has-one-or-two-targets-in-iran"}],"spec":"/analytics/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01/anx_dv20261101_2.flow.json","title":"Oil flow through the Strait of Hormuz versus bypass pipeline capacity as tanker fires keep the strait closed."}],"watch_next":["UKMTO/JMIC confirmation of Hormuz mine clearance and any new mine or tanker incident, especially on southern route near Lavan island","IMF PortWatch and Kpler updates for Hormuz flows vs ~20m barrels/day pre-war and Bab el-Mandeb tanker transits","Formal US or Iranian statement on strike timing and any US order joining Saudi strikes on Sanaa, Hodeida or Houthi missile sites","Qatari-mediated follow-up meeting or written US response to Iran's two-day reopening conditions"]},{"asset_events":[{"asset_id":"og-ua-rail_hub-dnipro-railway-station","claimant":"reported via kyivindependent.com","confidence":"high","country":"UA","date":"2026-10-29","lat":48.4657,"lon":35.0153,"name":"Dnipro railway station","note":"jet-powered drone hit a platform at Dnipro railway station as a train prepared to depart for Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 15 and injuring at least 14","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-attacks-across-ukraine-kill-27-injure-128-over-past-day-as-horrific-attack-strikes-dnipro-train-station/","https://www.africanews.com/2026/10/30/ukraine-russian-strike-kills-two-teenage-girls-in-chernihiv/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-night-attacks-kill-1-in-kyiv-leave-350-000-in-dnipro-without-power/","https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-russia-strikes-dnipro-railway-station-again-day-after-attack-killed-15/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-airstrike-destroys-kramatorsk-city-council-building-that-survived-2014-occupation/"],"status":"reported_damaged","type":"rail_hub"},{"asset_id":"og-ua-rail_hub-dnipro-railway-station","claimant":"reported via kyivindependent.com","confidence":"high","country":"UA","date":"2026-10-30","lat":48.4657,"lon":35.0153,"name":"Dnipro railway station","note":"second strike on Dnipro station injuring one woman","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-attacks-across-ukraine-kill-27-injure-128-over-past-day-as-horrific-attack-strikes-dnipro-train-station/","https://www.africanews.com/2026/10/30/ukraine-russian-strike-kills-two-teenage-girls-in-chernihiv/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-night-attacks-kill-1-in-kyiv-leave-350-000-in-dnipro-without-power/","https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-russia-strikes-dnipro-railway-station-again-day-after-attack-killed-15/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-airstrike-destroys-kramatorsk-city-council-building-that-survived-2014-occupation/"],"status":"reported_damaged","type":"rail_hub"},{"asset_id":"og-ua-power_plant-kramatorsk-city-council-building","claimant":"reported via kyivindependent.com","confidence":"high","country":"UA","date":"2026-10-31","lat":48.738,"lon":37.584,"name":"Kramatorsk City Council building","note":"airstrike destroyed the Kramatorsk City Council building on Peace Square","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-attacks-across-ukraine-kill-27-injure-128-over-past-day-as-horrific-attack-strikes-dnipro-train-station/","https://www.africanews.com/2026/10/30/ukraine-russian-strike-kills-two-teenage-girls-in-chernihiv/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-night-attacks-kill-1-in-kyiv-leave-350-000-in-dnipro-without-power/","https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-russia-strikes-dnipro-railway-station-again-day-after-attack-killed-15/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-airstrike-destroys-kramatorsk-city-council-building-that-survived-2014-occupation/"],"status":"destroyed","type":"power_plant"},{"asset_id":"og-ru-airbase-pulkovo-airport","claimant":"Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin","confidence":"high","country":"RU","date":"2026-10-29","lat":null,"lon":null,"name":"Pulkovo airport","note":"flights restricted at Vnukovo, Domodedovo and Zhukovsky","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"status":"unknown","type":"airbase"},{"asset_id":"og-ru-airbase-domodedovo-airport","claimant":"Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin","confidence":"high","country":"RU","date":"2026-10-29","lat":55.408,"lon":37.906,"name":"Domodedovo Airport","note":"flights restricted at Vnukovo, Domodedovo and Zhukovsky","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"status":"unknown","type":"airbase"},{"asset_id":"og-ru-airbase-zhukovsky-airport","claimant":"Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin","confidence":"high","country":"RU","date":"2026-10-29","lat":55.553,"lon":38.15,"name":"Zhukovsky Airport","note":"flights restricted at Vnukovo, Domodedovo and Zhukovsky","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"status":"unknown","type":"airbase"},{"asset_id":"og-ru-refinery-novokuibyshevsk-refinery","claimant":"Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak","confidence":"high","country":"RU","date":"2026-10-30","lat":53.099,"lon":49.947,"name":"Novokuibyshevsk refinery","note":"Ukraine attacked three refineries and a gas-chemical complex including Novokuibyshevsk refinery in Samara (8.8 million tons annual capacity) with minor damage","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"status":"reported_damaged","type":"refinery"},{"asset_id":"og-ru-refinery-lukoil-nizhny-novgorod-refinery","claimant":"Exilenova+/Supernova+ and ASTRA","confidence":"high","country":"RU","date":"2026-11-01","lat":56.116,"lon":44.15,"name":"Lukoil Nizhny Novgorod Refinery","note":"the Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez refinery in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod — Russia's fourth-largest at 15-17 million tons annually, ~800 km from the border — was reported ablaze after a drone strike by monitoring channels Exilenova+/Supernova","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"status":"reported_damaged","type":"refinery"},{"asset_id":"og-ru-other-novolipetsk-steel-nlmk-lipetsk","claimant":"Daily intelligence report (item d3)","confidence":"high","country":"RU","date":"2026-10-28","lat":52.59,"lon":39.6,"name":"Novolipetsk Steel (NLMK Lipetsk)","note":"fires were reported at Novolipetsk steel plant in Lipetsk","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"status":"reported_damaged","type":"other"},{"asset_id":"og-ru-other-azot-novomoskovsk","claimant":"Daily intelligence report (item d3)","confidence":"high","country":"RU","date":"2026-10-28","lat":54.033,"lon":38.27,"name":"Azot Novomoskovsk","note":"Azot chemical plant in Tula","provenance":"aggregated","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"status":"reported_damaged","type":"other"}],"bottom_line":"Oleshky's US-brokered local truce delivered hundreds to Ukrainian-controlled territory Oct 31 via a 19-hour Crimea-Belarus route, but it is set to expire at 23:00 Nov 1 with no extension announced. At the same time reciprocal long-range strikes intensified: Russian missiles and jet drones killed at least 27 across Ukraine Oct 29-30 and left 350,000 without power in Dnipro, while Ukrainian drones kept hitting Russian refineries including a reported fire at Kstovo overnight Nov 1. The US cleared a $2.1bn allied-funded sale of 500 Patriot interceptors Oct 30, but President Zelensky said deliveries may take years and asked for stockpiled missiles now.","brief_slug":"2026-09-28-russia-ukraine-war-and-european-security-architecture-ccc746","coming_up":[{"confidence":"low","countries":["RU","US"],"date":"2026-11-01","end_date":"","kind":"vote","source":"corpus","title":"It would have extended MINURSO to 31 Oct 2027 and","url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/sc16498"},{"confidence":"high","countries":["US"],"date":"2026-11-02","end_date":"","kind":"earnings","source":"earnings","title":"Apple quarterly earnings","url":"https://www.nasdaq.com/market-activity/earnings"},{"confidence":"medium","countries":["US"],"date":"2026-11-03","end_date":"","kind":"election","source":"elections","title":"United States: Senate and House of Representatives","url":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2026_national_electoral_calendar"},{"confidence":"high","countries":["US"],"date":"2026-11-10","end_date":"","kind":"commodity_report","source":"wasde","title":"USDA WASDE crop supply and demand report","url":"https://www.usda.gov/about-usda/general-information/staff-offices/office-chief-economist/commodity-markets/wasde-report"},{"confidence":"low","countries":[],"date":"2026-11-10","end_date":"","kind":"summit","source":"corpus","title":"Confirmation and exact date for Abu Dhabi trilateral talks after","url":"https://www.ohmega.monster/geopolitics/2026-10-29"}],"context":[{"source":"https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2026/10/first-lady-melania-trump-secures-ceasefire-between-russia-and-ukraine-localized-to-oleshky/","verification":"researched","what":"Oleshky, across the Dnipro from Kherson city, had pre-war population ~24,000 and was ~90% flooded after the Kakhovka Dam destruction; an estimated 1,700-2,000 remain, mostly elderly and ~50 children.","when":"2023-06-06","why_relevant":"Explains why evacuation is small, elderly-heavy, and logistically difficult, and why the city is a test case for a localized ceasefire."},{"source":"https://www.defenseone.com/business/2026/10/us-space-industry-ukraine-starlink/416890/","verification":"researched","what":"Ukraine's Starshield military satellite service was throttled to ~160 km/h Oct 14-24, causing drone-interceptor failures, then restored to >400 km/h by Oct 24.","when":"2026-10-14","why_relevant":"Background to Ukraine's ability to sustain long-range drone operations and air defense that underpins current strike exchanges."},{"source":"https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-russia-strikes-dnipro-railway-station-again-day-after-attack-killed-15/","verification":"researched","what":"Since September 2026 Russia has carried out more than 350 attacks on Ukrainian energy infrastructure, damaging more than 800 pieces of equipment, per Energy Minister Denys Shmyhal Oct 30.","when":"2026-09-01","why_relevant":"Frames Oct 29-30 strikes on Dnipro and Kyiv energy as part of a sustained winter heating-system campaign, not isolated hits."}],"developments":[{"actors":["Russia","Ukraine","United States"],"detail":"A localized ceasefire in Russian-occupied Oleshky announced Oct 23 by US First Lady Melania Trump and in effect since Oct 29 until 23:00 Nov 1 held through Oct 31. Convoys left via Armiansk in Crimea to Anapa, then by air to Gomel, Belarus, then by bus to Chernihiv Oblast; of ~750 registered, 11 buses chose Ukraine and 4 chose Russia, with hundreds arriving in Ukrainian-controlled territory Oct 31 after ~19 hours. Both sides said the truce was observed.","headline":"Oleshky evacuees reach Ukrainian-controlled territory Oct 31 via Crimea-Belarus corridor as truce nears Nov 1 expiry","place":{"country":"Ukraine","lat":46.62,"lon":32.72,"name":"Oleshky"},"significance":"First large-scale evacuation from occupied Oleshky tests whether a US-brokered local ceasefire can work and whether it will be extended beyond Nov 1.","sources":["https://www.whitehouse.gov/briefings-statements/2026/10/first-lady-melania-trump-secures-ceasefire-between-russia-and-ukraine-localized-to-oleshky/","https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20261031-evacuees-from-russian-occupied-oleshky-arrive-in-ukraine","https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20261030-residents-leave-russian-occupied-oleshky-in-evacuation-operation","https://kyivindependent.com/oleshky-residents-reach-ukrainian-controlled-territory-after-escaping-russian-occupation/"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Oleshky, Kherson Oblast"},{"actors":["Russia","Ukraine"],"detail":"Over 24 hours to Oct 30 Russian attacks killed at least 27 and injured 127-128 across Dnipropetrovsk, Chernihiv, Kyiv, Poltava, Donetsk and other regions. At ~11 a.m. Oct 29 a jet-powered drone hit a platform at Dnipro railway station as a train prepared to depart for Zaporizhzhia, killing at least 15 and injuring at least 14; at noon Banderol cruise missiles hit central Chernihiv killing two 15-year-old girls and injuring 25 including four children. Late Oct 29 ballistic missiles hit Kyiv killing one and damaging warehouses and homes, while strikes on energy left ~350,000 in and around Dnipro without power. Oct 30 brought a second strike on Dnipro station injuring one woman, a drone hit on a Kremenchuk apartment killing 3 and injuring 32 including six children, and Oct 31 an airstrike destroyed the Kramatorsk City Council building on Peace Square.","headline":"Russian missile and jet-drone strikes Oct 29-31 kill at least 27, hit Dnipro station twice and black out 350,000","place":{"country":"Ukraine","lat":48.4647,"lon":35.0462,"name":"Dnipro"},"significance":"Concentrated hits on rail hubs, energy and apartment buildings deepen power and heating strain ahead of winter and show continued use of jet-powered drones.","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-attacks-across-ukraine-kill-27-injure-128-over-past-day-as-horrific-attack-strikes-dnipro-train-station/","https://www.africanews.com/2026/10/30/ukraine-russian-strike-kills-two-teenage-girls-in-chernihiv/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-night-attacks-kill-1-in-kyiv-leave-350-000-in-dnipro-without-power/","https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-russia-strikes-dnipro-railway-station-again-day-after-attack-killed-15/","https://kyivindependent.com/russian-airstrike-destroys-kramatorsk-city-council-building-that-survived-2014-occupation/"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Dnipro, Chernihiv, Kyiv, Kremenchuk and Kramatorsk"},{"actors":["Ukraine","Russia"],"detail":"Ukrainian long-range drone campaign continued. Moscow Mayor Sergei Sobyanin reported 613 drones toward Moscow region evening Oct 28 to morning Oct 29 (231 shot down on approach) and 862 drones evening Oct 29 to morning Oct 30 (170 shot down), with flights restricted at Vnukovo, Domodedovo and Zhukovsky. On Oct 30 Deputy Prime Minister Alexander Novak said Ukraine attacked three refineries and a gas-chemical complex including Novokuibyshevsk refinery in Samara (8.8 million tons annual capacity) with minor damage. Overnight Nov 1 the Lukoil-Nizhegorodnefteorgsintez refinery in Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod — Russia's fourth-largest at 15-17 million tons annually, ~800 km from the border — was reported ablaze after a drone strike by monitoring channels Exilenova+/Supernova+ and ASTRA, not independently verified. Earlier Oct 27-28 fires were reported at Novolipetsk steel plant in Lipetsk and Azot chemical plant in Tula.","headline":"Ukrainian drones press Russian refineries and Moscow air defenses; Kstovo refinery reported ablaze overnight Nov 1","place":{"country":"Russia","lat":56.15,"lon":44.19,"name":"Kstovo"},"significance":"Sustained strikes on fuel production and the capital's airspace keep pressure on Russian energy and air defense despite reported US requests to pause.","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/russian-oil-refinery-in-kstovo-ablaze-after-reported-overnight-drone-strike/","https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","https://kyivindependent.com/moscow-comes-under-drone-fire-overnight-grounding-flights-at-major-airports/","https://kyivindependent.com/fires-burn-in-russian-city-of-lipetsk-after-reported-ukrainian-attack/"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-11-01","where":"Kstovo, Nizhny Novgorod Oblast; Moscow region; Samara Oblast"},{"actors":["United States","Ukraine"],"detail":"On Oct 30 the US State Department approved a potential Foreign Military Sale to Ukraine of 500 Patriot PAC-3 MSE missiles plus spares and logistics, estimated at $2.1 billion, to be funded by allies and partners not US funds and notified to Congress. On Oct 31 President Volodymyr Zelensky said deliveries may begin only in a few years and asked US and European allies to provide stockpiled interceptors now to be replenished later.","headline":"US approves $2.1 billion sale of 500 Patriot PAC-3 missiles Oct 30; Zelensky warns deliveries years away","place":null,"significance":"Allied-funded Patriot boost is long-term; near-term air-defense gap remains against ballistic missiles and jet drones hitting cities and energy.","sources":["https://www.state.gov/releases/bureau-of-political-military-affairs/2026/10/ukraine-patriot-advanced-capability-3-pac-3-missiles/","https://www.france24.com/en/americas/20261030-trump-admin-approves-potential-patriot-missiles-sale-to-ukraine"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Washington"},{"actors":["Ukraine","United States"],"detail":"Ukrainian officials told Kyiv Independent Oct 31 that Ukraine never agreed to pause strikes on Russian refineries, despite a Wall Street Journal report Oct 29 of a pause until after US midterms. US envoy Jared Kushner had suggested a 30-day pause but no order was given, and satellite heat detections and refinery fires Oct 30-31 point to continued strikes.","headline":"Kyiv denies agreeing to pause refinery strikes Oct 31 despite reported US request","place":{"country":"Ukraine","lat":50.4501,"lon":30.5234,"name":"Kyiv"},"significance":"Clarifies that Ukraine intends to continue its refinery campaign, limiting prospects for a de-escalatory energy truce.","sources":["https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-never-agreed-to-pause-strikes-on-russian-refineries-sources-confirm/"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"Kyiv"}],"edition":1,"escalation":{"direction":"rising","pace":"gradual"},"headline":"Oleshky evacuees reach Ukraine as Russian strikes kill dozens and refinery fires continue","key_figures":[{"as_of":"2026-10-30","baseline":0,"baseline_label":"no baseline given","label":"residents without power in and around Dnipro after Oct 29 energy strikes","source":"https://kyivindependent.com/russian-night-attacks-kill-1-in-kyiv-leave-350-000-in-dnipro-without-power/","unit":"people","value":350000},{"as_of":"2026-10-30","baseline":0,"baseline_label":"no baseline given","label":"killed and 127-128 injured across Ukraine in 24 hours to Oct 30","source":"https://kyivindependent.com/russian-attacks-across-ukraine-kill-27-injure-128-over-past-day-as-horrific-attack-strikes-dnipro-train-station/","unit":"people killed","value":27},{"as_of":"2026-10-30","baseline":0,"baseline_label":"no baseline given","label":"Patriot PAC-3 MSE missiles approved for sale to Ukraine, allied-funded","source":"https://www.state.gov/releases/bureau-of-political-military-affairs/2026/10/ukraine-patriot-advanced-capability-3-pac-3-missiles/","unit":"missiles","value":500},{"as_of":"2026-10-30","baseline":0,"baseline_label":"no baseline given","label":"drones toward Moscow region evening Oct 29 to morning Oct 30 per Moscow mayor","source":"https://meduza.io/en/news/2026/10/30/moscow-mayor-says-more-than-800-ukrainian-drones-headed-toward-russian-capital-as-reports-emerge-of-fire-at-samara-region-oil-refinery","unit":"drones","value":862}],"live_rollup":{"abnormal":[{"confidence":0.474,"direction":"above","id":"ship.other:c52033:2026-10-31T14","learning":true,"ongoing":true,"sentence":"near 54°N 14°E (Germany): other ships 3.7x normal for 15 h","series":"ship.other","since":"2026-10-31T14:00:00+00:00"}],"countries":["Poland","Russia","Ukraine"],"day":"2026-11-01","normal":["Black Sea","Baltic Sea","Eastern Ukraine front","Southern Russia refinery belt","Volga and central refineries"],"provenance":"ohmega_derived"},"map":{"annotations":[],"bbox":[22.935,43.284,51.779,59.485],"cities":[{"capital":true,"name":"Moscow","x":508.9,"y":207.3},{"capital":true,"name":"Kyiv","x":262.8,"y":502.8},{"capital":true,"name":"Bucharest","x":109.7,"y":836.1},{"capital":true,"name":"Minsk","x":160.5,"y":310.2},{"capital":true,"name":"Riga","x":40.4,"y":140.9},{"capital":true,"name":"Chișinău","x":205.3,"y":693.3},{"capital":true,"name":"Vilnius","x":82.6,"y":266.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Kharkiv","x":461.6,"y":526.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Nizhny Novgorod","x":730.3,"y":175},{"capital":false,"name":"Samara","x":943.5,"y":349.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Kazan","x":908,"y":207.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Rostov","x":581.6,"y":680.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Dnipro","x":418.2,"y":611.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Odessa","x":269.5,"y":721.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Donetsk","x":516.3,"y":637.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Volgograd","x":747.6,"y":598.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Voronezh","x":563.4,"y":434.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Saratov","x":800.6,"y":439.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Lviv","x":38,"y":536.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Kryvyy Rih","x":360.9,"y":642},{"capital":false,"name":"Krasnodar","x":557,"y":803.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Ulyanovsk","x":883.2,"y":286.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Yaroslavl","x":587.1,"y":103.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Ryazan","x":581.9,"y":270.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Lipetsk","x":579.2,"y":381.4},{"capital":false,"name":"Penza","x":765,"y":350.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Astrakhan","x":870.9,"y":729.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Tula","x":509.5,"y":293.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Homyel","x":279.6,"y":391.9}],"countries":[{"d":"M529.7 688.5L506.5 689.5L499.4 698.2L495.2 698.2L489.3 700.5L480.5 709.5L476.8 706.7L472.3 706.8L462.7 712.6L453.8 712.1L447 714.5L432.2 728L427.2 737.8L420.2 743.4L418.8 743.3L428 733.6L428.4 728.6L426.3 724.7L420.5 734.3L413.1 738.6L413.3 749.9L418.4 764L416.4 764.2L411.4 760.8L411.2 755.1L407.4 750.4L399.2 751.1L395.9 745.7L391.4 743.5L384.6 743.2L376.9 737.6L371.8 737L371.6 741L369.6 743.8L363.9 745.9L356 739.4L346.9 742.3L341.9 741.8L330.8 744.5L315.5 734.6L308.4 733.5L306.7 731.1L314 728.9L314.6 725.3L304.4 722.9L298.9 718.4L326.8 722.8L334.3 714.9L326.6 717.8L318.7 716L315.8 713.5L312.4 705.6L312.2 694.6L308.7 684.9L305.9 681.8L311.3 697.7L309.9 713.1L306.6 714.1L298.1 712.2L299.2 706L293.6 714.2L284.4 714.5L272.6 718.5L267.7 734.3L252.5 756.6L238.7 764L234 762.8L232.1 764.6L231.1 771.4L233.5 774.7L235.5 785.6L234.8 790.3L230 784.1L224.3 781.4L218 782.3L206.6 788.6L202.7 787.5L202 791.7L191.3 788.5L186.6 785.4L183 779.7L186.4 777L192.9 775.9L192.7 767.7L200.9 757.4L201.2 752.6L208.5 746.4L210.5 739.3L207.9 729L208.8 723.7L216.7 720L217.4 728.1L219.1 727.3L220.8 723.2L223.9 724.9L226.2 723.9L231.6 727L234.8 724.2L239.3 729.7L247.6 728.2L249.5 725.6L242.3 719.2L243 708.9L240.7 703.1L230.1 695.6L228 686.5L229 678.5L223.6 675.4L215 666.4L217.6 650.5L217 644.6L214.6 640L209.4 641.8L207.6 640.8L202.4 631.4L194 629.7L191.7 633L190.3 629.9L187.4 630L187.6 626.2L185.7 624.8L178.7 623.8L176.9 620.2L169.4 614.9L160 611.5L154.9 615L152.6 614L148.9 617.4L135.6 616.5L127.7 623.6L116.9 626.7L115.9 631.8L111.9 638.5L87.7 643L77.5 647.9L74.2 652.2L70.9 653.4L67.9 653.7L57 641.9L53.7 641L43.1 643.3L39 641.1L25.5 638.5L16.4 638.6L9.3 633.3L7.1 633.2L4.2 637.7L0 639.7L0 537.5L26.9 506L36 504.2L40.1 497.5L40.2 492.7L36.2 483.3L40.6 480L40.3 478.5L36.4 474.7L32.2 464.4L25.3 454.2L25.8 449.4L23.2 442.6L23.4 437.5L29.7 436L36.2 438.5L46.6 428.4L49.5 423.2L73.9 419.7L98.8 420.1L133.1 428.6L145.9 429.6L151.2 438.2L161.8 438L164.9 439.6L165.2 444.8L170.7 438.5L176 440.3L182 437.6L196.4 441.2L198.1 446L201 447.3L205.1 441.4L213.8 436.5L222.3 450.1L229.5 447.2L250.5 444.8L255.7 449.2L256.5 453.3L263.8 456.7L266.9 451.6L263.4 438.3L265.2 433.1L271.1 421.7L278.9 413.3L282.4 411.6L287.2 413L291.6 410L299.5 409.8L306.7 410.3L313.4 413.2L318.5 413L324.1 409.5L326.9 400.7L329.4 398.8L342.2 401.8L345.5 401.6L354.1 396.9L374.4 396.7L380.9 401.9L387.5 417L397.4 428L396.8 431.6L387.8 433.7L390.6 440.6L391.6 451.2L393.2 452.5L391 457.2L400.6 458.2L408.3 461.8L420.5 460.1L423.8 468L429.1 468.9L429.2 474.2L433.6 486.5L431.9 493L432.6 497L438.8 506.5L441.7 507.7L449.2 502.7L457 504.2L463.6 511.4L470.3 511.4L474.4 515.3L479.3 510.7L492.2 507.4L499.5 503.7L502.3 504.1L507.8 510.7L512 520.9L523.9 531.4L527.4 530.3L528.5 525.5L531.3 524L537.9 528.9L544.8 529.6L554.1 536.7L557.9 537L563 534.9L567.5 541.3L573 542L584 550.7L592.7 549.3L594.4 550.4L593.6 558.5L596 562L595.4 568.5L587.8 578.9L580.8 582.1L583.1 587.2L591.3 590.7L591.8 592.4L588.3 593.9L584.5 593.2L581.4 597L579.3 605.2L585.9 607.9L587.8 618L586.4 621.2L590.2 623.1L583.9 640L584 644.3L582.5 646.7L579.8 646.9L553.5 646.1L550.8 647.1L544.5 656.6L535.1 659.7L532.3 662.5L529.3 675.8L532 678.2L529.3 683.9ZM314.7 737.8L319.5 740.6L314.6 739.8L299.2 734.8L297.3 728.4L301.8 734ZM369.6 743.8L371.6 741L371.8 737L376.9 737.6L384.6 743.2L391.4 743.5L395.9 745.7L399.2 751.1L407.4 750.4L411.2 755.1L411.4 760.8L416.4 764.2L418.4 764L427.3 779.9L434.2 787.1L437.6 787.4L447.2 782.4L453.4 784.1L458.9 779.5L463 779.3L472.9 782.8L468.6 791.8L466.6 801.1L460.9 803.3L448.5 804.4L441.8 799L438 798.1L434.7 799.2L430.7 805.9L423.7 810.5L421.3 815.7L414.4 814.5L408.5 815.4L399.9 820.2L393.4 830.3L386.2 836.7L380.5 838.7L371.7 836.2L364.6 829.5L370.2 809.8L368.2 799.3L362.6 794.3L358 795.2L355.4 793.9L346.1 785.4L341.1 784.8L335.5 786.5L331.9 782.3L353.9 763.1L358.7 762.2L372 752.1Z","name":"Ukraine"},{"d":"M1000 0L1000 440.5L994.1 444.5L984.9 445L983.4 443.8L982.4 438.4L978.7 435.4L965.9 430.9L946.9 455.3L936 460.4L932.2 464.1L920.9 466.7L918.4 469.9L914.9 479.6L897 493.5L890.7 492.9L898.2 526.2L895.3 530.9L884.1 536.5L876.8 530.7L858.8 505.9L855.1 504L851.8 504.6L845.6 511.7L844.6 523.7L842.9 526.9L834 535.1L828.2 554.6L827.5 562.1L835 571.4L835.4 574.1L833 580.4L824 593.3L820.8 606.2L822.6 615.1L834.5 622.2L836.6 625.1L838.5 631L837.6 640.9L841.3 649.6L844.5 652.4L851 648.9L872.8 652.2L874.8 654.2L888.2 675.8L902.3 706.1L901.9 708.8L899.6 710L888.4 707.1L886.4 710.3L887.8 715.5L911.7 730.4L912.2 732.9L908 733.5L906.4 738.6L897.1 743.6L892.7 744.4L894.3 754.9L885.9 752.8L874.5 763.8L863.1 767.9L858.6 766.6L856.9 768.2L856.3 772.3L850.4 766.9L852.5 771.3L852.2 777.4L848.6 781.3L846.5 792.6L837.2 814.9L834.4 811.6L832.8 816.8L825.8 823.8L824.6 835.2L825.8 836.9L835.1 841.2L845 854.5L849.2 872.5L850.4 885L853.8 869.4L856.7 866.7L852 887.5L852 900L641.8 900L638.7 897.3L624.3 892.6L614.1 886.1L609.6 887.4L596.8 884.2L594.6 885.1L590.9 892.5L574.9 875.4L568.4 866L547.2 844.2L528.6 836.9L517.2 821.4L512.1 823.5L504.8 821.6L499.8 816.5L494.7 806.3L485.7 800.8L475.5 797.7L474.4 794.4L485.6 788.6L477.9 784L483 781L495 789.6L496.8 787.4L510.1 783.7L510.9 777.6L508.8 777L508.9 773.3L516.8 760.3L520 749.1L522.8 746.5L524.9 748.2L525.1 752.8L528.7 743.9L539.4 744.1L525 727.2L521.5 727.9L519.3 726.6L514.2 713.8L521.2 714.8L530.3 710.2L539.7 712.3L537.5 704L561.4 692.3L566.4 691.1L567.1 687.7L563.8 678.7L557.8 678.5L554.5 683.8L545.5 685.6L541.5 685.2L548.7 679.1L542.3 680.3L539.1 683.8L529.7 688.5L529.3 683.9L532 678.2L529.3 675.8L532.3 662.5L535.1 659.7L544.5 656.6L550.8 647.1L553.5 646.1L582.5 646.7L584 644.3L583.9 640L590.2 623.1L586.4 621.2L587.8 618L585.9 607.9L579.3 605.2L581.4 597L584.5 593.2L588.3 593.9L591.8 592.4L591.3 590.7L583.1 587.2L580.8 582.1L587.8 578.9L595.4 568.5L596 562L593.6 558.5L594.4 550.4L592.7 549.3L584 550.7L573 542L567.5 541.3L563 534.9L557.9 537L554.1 536.7L544.8 529.6L537.9 528.9L531.3 524L528.5 525.5L527.4 530.3L523.9 531.4L512 520.9L507.8 510.7L502.3 504.1L499.5 503.7L492.2 507.4L479.3 510.7L474.4 515.3L470.3 511.4L463.6 511.4L457 504.2L449.2 502.7L441.7 507.7L438.8 506.5L432.6 497L431.9 493L433.6 486.5L429.2 474.2L429.1 468.9L423.8 468L420.5 460.1L408.3 461.8L400.6 458.2L391 457.2L393.2 452.5L391.6 451.2L390.6 440.6L387.8 433.7L396.8 431.6L397.4 428L387.5 417L380.9 401.9L374.4 396.7L354.1 396.9L345.5 401.6L342.2 401.8L329.4 398.8L326.9 400.7L324.1 409.5L318.5 413L313.4 413.2L306.1 410.2L303.6 403.6L299.6 398.5L299.9 386.3L301 385.5L297.9 380.7L297.6 377L299.2 373.7L288.6 359.4L294.1 349.4L302.8 349.1L305.5 350.1L309.1 354.4L319.2 355.2L329.1 348.6L330.6 345.3L338.7 341.6L338.8 337L330.6 329.9L329 326L329.9 321.8L321.2 316.9L305.8 315.3L308.2 308.3L308.3 303L293.6 293.8L286 279.6L282.2 277.4L284.9 270L272.6 261.2L273.7 253.9L278.8 246.4L278.2 241.5L273.2 233.7L273.4 230.8L276.2 227.1L275.5 216L270 214.6L260.8 205.5L253 202.2L242.8 202.2L227 211.1L222.5 205.6L224.1 200.2L223.3 197L211.4 192.4L203.2 196.8L195.2 188.5L189.7 188.7L185.5 190.5L180.7 185.7L182.6 179.2L179.2 163.3L175.9 160.3L170.4 146.2L163.1 146.6L165.8 135L169.7 127.3L169.7 121.8L159.6 114.2L158.7 109.8L153.1 108.7L154.8 101L159.7 93.7L167 91.4L167.9 89.7L164.3 86.2L158.4 70.2L159.4 58.3L155.7 41.8L157 35.8L167.2 24.1L172.1 11.5L176.2 10.2L180.8 6.2L176.1 0ZM868.4 777.6L867.9 778.6L866.2 773.5L867.2 768.8Z","name":"Russia"},{"d":"M183 779.7L186.6 785.4L191.3 788.5L202 791.7L202.7 787.5L206.6 788.6L218 782.3L224.3 781.4L230 784.1L234.8 790.3L232.3 805.8L229.6 813.4L212 818.2L213.1 815.9L211.9 808.8L213.6 806.1L209.6 805.1L206.5 809.2L207.7 815.3L205 820.5L203.6 828.9L206.4 828.3L198 843.8L198.4 861.2L195.9 874.6L183.3 872.9L177.3 870.1L171.6 861L166.5 862.7L164.2 860.4L155.7 859.1L144 851L123.2 855.6L113.8 859.8L104 867.4L100 873.2L88.8 878.5L77.1 877.7L51.9 871.7L44.8 873.4L10.1 867.3L0 869.3L0 860.4L3.3 855.9L0 852.9L0 639.7L4.2 637.7L7.1 633.2L9.3 633.3L16.4 638.6L25.5 638.5L39 641.1L43.1 643.3L53.7 641L57 641.9L67.9 653.7L74.2 652.2L77.5 647.9L87.7 643L111.9 638.5L115.9 631.8L116.9 626.7L131 623.4L137.5 626.3L143.7 635.4L152.6 658.1L157.1 663.8L162.2 674.7L167.6 681L170.5 687.2L178.1 694.8L183.9 713.5L184.1 724.1L179.7 741.4L179.1 750.7L181.1 768.8L178.2 771.4Z","name":"Romania"},{"d":"M23.2 442.6L25.8 449.4L25.3 454.2L32.2 464.4L36.4 474.7L40.3 478.5L40.6 480L36.2 483.3L40.2 492.7L40.1 497.5L36 504.2L26.9 506L0 537.5L0 283.7L2.8 285.4L3.7 287.8L12.1 291.4L18 296.8L23 327L33 358.8L33.5 376.7L16.5 387.2L8.3 399.9L23 410.1L24.9 413.6L24 426.4L21.2 431.9L21 437Z","name":"Poland"},{"d":"M127.7 623.6L135.6 616.5L148.9 617.4L152.6 614L154.9 615L160 611.5L169.4 614.9L176.9 620.2L178.7 623.8L185.7 624.8L187.6 626.2L187.4 630L190.3 629.9L191.7 633L194 629.7L202.4 631.4L207.6 640.8L209.4 641.8L213.5 639.4L217 644.6L217.6 653L215 666.4L223.6 675.4L229 678.5L228 686.5L230.1 695.6L240.7 703.1L243 708.9L242.3 719.2L249.5 725.6L247.6 728.2L239.3 729.7L234.8 724.2L231.6 727L226.2 723.9L223.9 724.9L220.8 723.2L219.1 727.3L217.4 728.1L216.7 720L208.8 723.7L207.9 729L210.5 739.3L208.5 746.4L201.2 752.6L200.9 757.4L192.7 767.7L193.4 772.9L192 776.5L186.4 777L183 779.7L178.2 771.4L181.1 768.8L179.1 750.7L179.7 741.4L184.1 724.1L183.9 713.5L178.1 694.8L170.5 687.2L167.6 681L162.2 674.7L157.1 663.8L152.6 658.1L146.2 640.3L140.3 629.4L133.6 623.8Z","name":"Moldova"},{"d":"M0 172.2L3.8 175.6L9.1 173.2L30.4 175.3L41.1 178.9L53.4 177.8L66.1 170.8L68.2 171.5L74 182.5L94.6 187.8L109.2 199.4L116 207.5L126.9 212.1L122.1 230.2L133.2 234L128.8 237.8L127.1 241.9L116.4 241.4L112.3 249L109.5 251.3L101.4 253.7L96.7 264.9L96.7 273.4L90.6 286.3L97.5 290.3L97.6 296L91.5 297L89.3 295.9L89.9 292.8L87.6 288.5L77.8 292.8L73.2 297.3L67.1 296.7L63.6 306.1L58.5 305.9L48 310.7L43.6 307.5L27.7 309.6L19.1 308.1L18 296.8L12.1 291.4L3.7 287.8L2.8 285.4L0 283.7Z","name":"Lithuania"},{"d":"M126.9 212.1L116 207.5L109.2 199.4L94.6 187.8L74 182.5L68.2 171.5L66.1 170.8L53.4 177.8L41.1 178.9L30.4 175.3L9.1 173.2L3.8 175.6L0 172.2L0 113.3L7 120.1L12.2 133.1L24.7 139.7L34.5 137.6L46.7 128.5L50.2 124.2L49.5 102.2L47.4 94.5L48.1 89.7L75.5 79L79.5 82.7L81.4 79.8L83.4 80.3L99.1 89.8L106 91.5L116.6 104.7L122.3 107.8L124.7 108.6L139.8 104.2L147.4 108.2L158.7 109.8L159.6 114.2L169.7 121.8L169.7 127.3L165.8 135L163.1 146.6L168.9 145.5L171.5 147.8L171.9 152.5L175.9 160.3L179.2 163.3L182.3 176.1L181.6 183.1L180.7 185.7L176.7 186.2L172 189.4L163.2 198.5L160.9 204.8L142.8 203L139.3 204L134.8 209.8Z","name":"Latvia"},{"d":"M944.7 812.8L943.5 814.3L941.6 814.1L938.2 808.2L939.1 802.2L942.1 800.1L939.7 807.5L941.7 811.3ZM949.1 806.3L947.9 807L947.2 803.5L948.6 800.5L950.5 800.1ZM1000 900L983.5 900L983.5 889L975.3 874.1L967.1 849.5L962.1 845.5L949.8 842.2L947.1 837.7L948.6 827.9L952.5 825.6L968.2 825.3L974.7 830.8L979.1 832.4L986.1 830.2L991.8 830.8L987.9 826.8L983.8 825.9L975 815.2L973.3 809L974.4 805.8L981.7 797.9L983.2 791.9L987.4 784.8L991.7 785.7L1000 782.6L1000 697.6L994.3 691.9L979.2 687.5L970.2 691.3L958.5 700.1L952.9 700.3L949 705L934.4 716.1L915.7 720.3L916.2 726.4L913.6 724.9L910.8 727.7L911.7 730.4L910.1 729.8L887.8 715.5L886.4 710.3L888.4 707.1L899.6 710L901.9 708.8L902.3 706.1L888.2 675.8L874.8 654.2L872.8 652.2L851 648.9L844.5 652.4L841.3 649.6L837.6 640.9L838.5 631L836.6 625.1L834.5 622.2L822.6 615.1L820.8 606.2L824 593.3L833 580.4L835.4 574.1L835 571.4L827.5 562.1L830.5 543.8L834 535.1L842.9 526.9L844.6 523.7L844.5 514.9L849.2 507.1L851.8 504.6L855.1 504L858.8 505.9L880.6 534.8L884.1 536.5L895.3 530.9L898.2 526.2L890.7 492.9L897 493.5L914.9 479.6L918.4 469.9L920.9 466.7L932.2 464.1L936 460.4L949.1 453.5L965.9 430.9L978.7 435.4L982.4 438.4L983.4 443.8L984.9 445L994.1 444.5L1000 440.5Z","name":"Kazakhstan"},{"d":"M599.8 900L590.9 892.5L594.6 885.1L596.8 884.2L609.6 887.4L614.1 886.1L624.3 892.6L638.7 897.3L641.8 900Z","name":"Georgia"},{"d":"M153.1 108.7L147.4 108.2L139.8 104.2L124.7 108.6L122.3 107.8L116.6 104.7L106 91.5L99.1 89.8L96.6 87.3L81.4 79.8L80.6 82.7L75.5 79L48.1 89.7L53 76.6L53.8 68L56 65.6L55.3 62.8L48.6 61.3L45.1 66.4L40.9 67.7L28.9 62.5L26.2 54.4L21.8 50.5L19.9 45.9L20.7 42.7L25.9 38.8L19.7 38.6L17.2 31.4L20.1 27L18.5 25.2L20.2 21L19.4 16.1L29.4 11.7L39.8 10.8L38.8 6.3L43 6.1L50.1 0.7L57.2 1.7L61.7 0L134.5 0L140.1 1.9L171.9 4L176 0.1L180.8 6.2L176.2 10.2L172.1 11.5L167.2 24.1L158.7 33.3L156 38.8L159.4 58.3L158.4 70.2L164.3 86.2L167.9 89.7L167 91.4L159.7 93.7L154.8 101ZM0 48.7L12.4 55.7L13.5 57.5L6.7 58.3L0 63.7ZM0 28.8L2.6 36.2L0 36.5ZM14.2 52L11.3 52.5L4.5 48.6L8 44.9L13.8 46.5Z","name":"Estonia"},{"d":"M0 900L0 852.9L3.3 855.9L0 860.4L0 869.3L10.1 867.3L44.8 873.4L51.9 871.7L77.1 877.7L88.8 878.5L100 873.2L104 867.4L113.8 859.8L123.2 855.6L144 851L155.7 859.1L164.2 860.4L166.5 862.7L171.6 861L177.3 870.1L183.3 872.9L195.9 874.6L195.1 888L191.7 894.2L186.7 892.1L180.2 893.8L177.3 900Z","name":"Bulgaria"},{"d":"M306.1 410.2L291.6 410L287.2 413L282.4 411.6L278.9 413.3L271.1 421.7L263.4 438.3L266.9 451.6L263.8 456.7L256.5 453.3L255.7 449.2L250.5 444.8L229.5 447.2L222.3 450.1L213.8 436.5L205.1 441.4L201 447.3L198.1 446L196.4 441.2L182 437.6L176 440.3L170.7 438.5L165.2 444.8L164.9 439.6L161.8 438L151.2 438.2L145.9 429.6L133.1 428.6L98.8 420.1L73.9 419.7L49.5 423.2L46.6 428.4L36.2 438.5L26.8 435.8L23.4 437.5L23.2 442.6L21 437L21.2 431.9L24 426.4L24.9 413.6L23 410.1L8.3 399.9L16.5 387.2L31.6 378.9L33.5 376.7L34 373L32.1 354.1L23 327L19.1 308.1L27.7 309.6L43.6 307.5L48 310.7L58.5 305.9L63.6 306.1L67.1 296.7L73.2 297.3L77.8 292.8L87.6 288.5L89.9 292.8L89.3 295.9L91.5 297L97.6 296L97.5 290.3L90.6 286.3L96.7 273.4L96.7 264.9L101.4 253.7L109.5 251.3L112.3 249L116.4 241.4L127.1 241.9L128.8 237.8L133.2 234L122.1 230.2L126.9 212.1L134.8 209.8L139.3 204L142.8 203L160.9 204.8L163.2 198.5L176.7 186.2L180.7 185.7L186.6 190.7L189.2 188.8L195.2 188.5L203.2 196.8L211.4 192.4L220.1 195.4L224 198.5L222.5 205.6L227 211.1L242.8 202.2L253 202.2L260.8 205.5L266.6 212.2L272.7 215.8L274.6 215.4L276.4 217.5L276.2 227.1L273.1 232.1L278.2 241.5L278.8 246.4L273.7 253.9L272.6 261.2L284.9 270L282.2 277.4L286 279.6L293.6 293.8L308.3 303L308.2 308.3L305.8 315.3L321.2 316.9L329.9 321.8L329 326L330.6 329.9L338.8 337L338.7 341.6L330.6 345.3L329.1 348.6L319.2 355.2L309.1 354.4L305.5 350.1L302.8 349.1L294.1 349.4L288.6 359.4L299.2 373.7L297.6 377L297.9 380.7L301 385.5L299.9 386.3L299.6 398.5L303.6 403.6Z","name":"Belarus"}],"credit":"Base map: Natural Earth (public domain). Locations: Ohmega, from today's developments; approximate. Disputed areas: Natural Earth (public domain).","disputed":[{"claimants":["Ukraine"],"d":"M370.7 742.2L372.2 737L373.8 738.3L376.8 737.9L387.3 743.9L395.2 745.3L399.7 751.6L401.1 751.9L402 750.2L407.5 750.6L410.8 754.7L411.7 761.1L416.6 764.6L418.4 764.2L429.8 784.1L435 788.2L443.1 785.8L447.2 778.5L447.9 781.7L452.5 784.5L457.7 779L462.8 778.2L463.3 780.1L470 780.1L471.4 782L473.2 781L474.8 785.8L470.4 785.4L467.5 791.9L467.1 796.4L468.7 800.5L462.2 802.3L460.8 804.3L454.6 802L452.7 804.8L447.7 805.1L442.8 799.4L435.8 798.4L432.4 801.2L433.4 804.4L431.3 804.8L431 807.8L429.4 806.4L427.2 807L423.6 810.2L421.1 816.2L416.6 813.5L409.9 814.7L399.9 819.7L395.1 829.9L393 829.9L387.2 836.6L381.5 839.1L371.3 836.6L369 832.6L366.9 833L361.9 828.2L368.8 825.8L366.9 825L368 821.4L366.9 816.6L370.1 811.8L370.4 808.5L367.6 798.2L362.7 794.2L358 796L345.5 785L339.5 784.6L337.3 786.9L334.8 786.9L332.1 785.8L331 782L336.6 775.7L343 773.5L344.4 769.7L355.1 763.4L354.8 761.1L358.2 762.8L365.7 757.2L367.3 757.9L370.4 755.7L372.9 756.9L373 753.9L375.9 753.1L370.4 751.9Z","name":"Crimea","note":"Ukrainian territory (UN General Assembly Res. 68/262) occupied by Russia since 2014; Russia declared it annexed in March 2014.","r":29.8,"rings":[[[[33.629,46.125],[33.67,46.218],[33.802,46.203],[34.105,46.095],[34.334,46.07],[34.465,45.955],[34.689,45.974],[34.784,45.899],[34.81,45.785],[35.002,45.729],[35.332,45.371],[35.481,45.298],[35.716,45.341],[35.833,45.471],[35.854,45.414],[35.986,45.363],[36.118,45.457],[36.284,45.477],[36.299,45.443],[36.583,45.427],[36.638,45.351],[36.502,45.347],[36.491,45.292],[36.437,45.272],[36.409,45.149],[36.44,45.067],[36.225,45.008],[36.048,45.049],[35.993,44.998],[35.848,44.992],[35.706,45.095],[35.506,45.114],[35.408,45.062],[35.435,45.005],[35.374,44.998],[35.367,44.943],[35.256,44.959],[35.154,44.901],[35.081,44.794],[34.986,44.84],[34.721,44.811],[34.469,44.73],[34.331,44.545],[34.271,44.545],[34.103,44.425],[33.938,44.381],[33.721,44.4],[33.372,44.576],[33.572,44.621],[33.516,44.634],[33.548,44.699],[33.516,44.785],[33.62,44.931],[33.537,45.117],[33.396,45.19],[33.26,45.156],[32.899,45.354],[32.591,45.32],[32.513,45.341],[32.482,45.409],[32.644,45.522],[32.828,45.562],[32.868,45.63],[33.176,45.743],[33.169,45.784],[33.265,45.754],[33.482,45.854],[33.692,45.861],[33.694,45.914],[33.777,45.93],[33.62,45.951]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/A/RES/68/262","status":"occupied","x":395.2,"y":785.9},{"claimants":["Ukraine"],"d":"M558.2 646L551.1 646.5L547.8 656L545.3 655.6L541.8 658.8L533.4 660.7L528.8 676.9L532.4 677.7L532.6 679.4L529.4 682.9L529.8 687.9L527.2 691.5L526 692.1L526.8 689.4L524.8 688.1L523.2 689.1L517.5 688L513.7 689.4L514.8 673.5L506 654.8L505 642.2L507.7 637.5L512.2 634.8L514.4 626.9L520.9 616.7L532.9 612.8L536.1 613.5L539 618.4L536.5 620L537.1 622.4L541.9 622.6L543.2 628.1L550.5 631.9L550 634.9L551.4 636.5L557.9 637.7Z","name":"Donetsk region","note":"Ukrainian territory, held in part by Russia-backed forces since 2014. Russia declared annexation in September 2022; the UN General Assembly declared it invalid (Res. ES-11/4). Outline is the dataset's older extent, not a front line; other Russian-held areas (parts of Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions) are not in this dataset.","r":18.5,"rings":[[[[39.036,47.857],[38.831,47.848],[38.735,47.677],[38.319,47.591],[38.189,47.301],[38.298,47.256],[38.203,47.192],[38.217,47.103],[38.108,47.026],[38.13,47.075],[38.072,47.1],[37.753,47.075],[37.784,47.362],[37.529,47.699],[37.493,47.874],[37.534,47.977],[37.71,48.059],[37.771,48.2],[37.96,48.383],[38.305,48.455],[38.399,48.442],[38.481,48.358],[38.41,48.324],[38.427,48.282],[38.566,48.278],[38.604,48.179],[38.814,48.111],[38.8,48.057],[38.84,48.028],[39.027,48.007]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/A/RES/ES-11/4","status":"occupied","x":530.2,"y":642.5},{"claimants":["Ukraine"],"d":"M558.2 646L557.9 637.7L551.4 636.5L550 634.9L550.5 631.9L543.2 628.1L541.9 622.6L537.1 622.4L536.5 620L539 618.2L536.1 613.5L533.1 613L533.2 609.1L531.3 607.8L531.2 604.7L533.6 600.7L536.8 599.5L542.5 600.7L549.2 598.8L555.3 603L565.1 599.7L572.8 605.7L580.9 605.1L586.6 607.2L586.3 611.2L589 617.1L585.3 620.9L587.6 622.5L590.9 621.9L591.3 623.9L586.2 631.4L586.2 636L583.3 637.2L584.6 640.2L583.3 647.3L581.3 648.5L568.1 646.6L560.9 647.6Z","name":"Luhansk region","note":"Ukrainian territory, held in part by Russia-backed forces since 2014. Russia declared annexation in September 2022; the UN General Assembly declared it invalid (Res. ES-11/4). Outline is the dataset's older extent, not a front line; other Russian-held areas (parts of Zaporizhzhia and Kherson regions) are not in this dataset.","r":17.7,"rings":[[[[39.036,47.857],[39.027,48.007],[38.84,48.028],[38.8,48.057],[38.814,48.111],[38.604,48.179],[38.566,48.278],[38.427,48.282],[38.41,48.324],[38.483,48.353],[38.399,48.442],[38.305,48.455],[38.314,48.521],[38.262,48.54],[38.256,48.601],[38.291,48.645],[38.417,48.693],[38.774,48.706],[38.951,48.632],[39.234,48.691],[39.457,48.582],[39.855,48.556],[39.845,48.484],[39.924,48.376],[39.816,48.308],[39.979,48.29],[39.991,48.254],[39.843,48.12],[39.843,48.036],[39.76,48.015],[39.796,47.961],[39.759,47.833]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/A/RES/ES-11/4","status":"occupied","x":566.6,"y":622.3},{"claimants":["Moldova"],"d":"M241.4 718.4L238.8 715.8L237.2 716.9L235.5 716.1L237.2 714.2L236.3 712.2L233.4 711.6L234.5 708.7L231.6 702.5L229.8 705.4L228 705.4L226.2 696.2L223.3 697.2L221.2 695.9L220.5 694L223.1 693.5L223.5 691.3L220.4 685.8L216.8 684.6L216.9 687.4L214.6 689.5L212.7 688L216.5 682.7L213.1 675.1L213.4 674.1L214.5 675.3L216 674.3L213.2 671L214.1 667.8L211.4 664.8L209.8 659L209.4 652.3L210.9 646.2L205.5 643.6L203.8 640L199.2 636.3L194.3 638.4L194.1 636.9L197.5 633.4L193 631.8L193.6 629.8L202.3 631.1L207.3 640.6L210.9 641.9L214.1 639.2L216.3 644.1L218.5 645.2L216.4 649.1L218.6 651.6L214.4 664L214.8 666.2L216 669.2L218.3 668.8L222.3 673.3L224 677.8L225.6 677.9L227 674.8L229.6 675.6L230.4 679.1L229.1 680.6L229.2 686.1L226.9 687.6L228.3 690.3L230 688.5L231.2 690.2L230 697.2L242.5 704.2L243.2 717Z","name":"Transnistria","note":"Moldovan territory (internationally recognised) run by a de facto authority since 1992, with Russian troops stationed there. No UN member state recognises it.","r":4.3,"rings":[[[[29.899,46.553],[29.824,46.601],[29.728,46.594],[29.776,46.629],[29.667,46.676],[29.698,46.728],[29.615,46.841],[29.512,46.787],[29.46,46.953],[29.316,46.958],[29.296,46.992],[29.371,47.003],[29.383,47.042],[29.291,47.14],[29.188,47.162],[29.19,47.111],[29.125,47.074],[29.07,47.101],[29.179,47.197],[29.08,47.332],[29.165,47.348],[29.083,47.406],[29.111,47.464],[29.034,47.518],[28.987,47.622],[28.976,47.743],[29.019,47.853],[28.861,47.899],[28.682,48.031],[28.538,47.994],[28.633,48.084],[28.501,48.113],[28.519,48.149],[28.771,48.124],[28.915,47.953],[29.017,47.931],[29.11,47.98],[29.236,47.871],[29.178,47.801],[29.239,47.756],[29.117,47.533],[29.13,47.493],[29.164,47.439],[29.233,47.446],[29.346,47.366],[29.394,47.285],[29.442,47.282],[29.481,47.338],[29.557,47.324],[29.58,47.26],[29.544,47.234],[29.545,47.136],[29.479,47.108],[29.52,47.06],[29.57,47.091],[29.602,47.061],[29.567,46.935],[29.928,46.81],[29.95,46.579]]]],"source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transnistria","status":"self-administered","x":224.8,"y":683.6},{"claimants":["Georgia"],"d":"M600.4 900L599.2 898.1L591.2 894.2L594.2 885.2L597.3 883.8L609.7 887.7L614.2 885.9L626.7 894.9L631.4 894.7L636 897.3L638.5 896.7L641.1 900Z","name":"Abkhazia","note":"Georgian territory (internationally recognised) run by Russia-backed de facto authorities since the 1990s. Russia recognised it as independent in 2008; very few states did.","r":6.7,"rings":[[[[42.154,43.217],[42.133,43.111],[42.057,43.017],[41.885,42.965],[41.931,42.861],[41.892,42.82],[41.938,42.618],[41.551,42.406],[41.5,42.641],[41.424,42.74],[41.15,42.796],[41.023,42.99],[40.934,42.983],[40.856,43.063],[40.592,43.086],[40.398,43.162],[40.335,43.141],[40.219,43.319],[39.986,43.389],[40.073,43.551],[40.233,43.576],[40.52,43.505],[40.652,43.539],[41.012,43.375],[41.381,43.335],[41.578,43.215],[42.043,43.181]]]],"source":"https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_recognition_of_Abkhazia_and_South_Ossetia","status":"self-administered","x":603.6,"y":893.1}],"height":900,"labels":[{"key":true,"name":"Ukraine","r":118.3,"x":329.9,"y":566},{"key":true,"name":"Russia","r":273.2,"x":653.1,"y":273.2},{"key":false,"name":"Romania","r":88.4,"x":88.4,"y":741.9},{"key":false,"name":"Poland","r":17.4,"x":17.4,"y":483.1},{"key":false,"name":"Moldova","r":27.2,"x":185.6,"y":659.6},{"key":false,"name":"Lithuania","r":52.1,"x":52.1,"y":230.7},{"key":false,"name":"Latvia","r":42.3,"x":117.2,"y":152.1},{"key":false,"name":"Kazakhstan","r":72.9,"x":923.2,"y":598.4},{"key":false,"name":"Georgia","r":6.8,"x":602.7,"y":893.2},{"key":false,"name":"Estonia","r":43.7,"x":107.8,"y":43.7},{"key":false,"name":"Bulgaria","r":22.4,"x":139.9,"y":875.5},{"key":false,"name":"Belarus","r":100.7,"x":191.3,"y":333}],"lakes":[{"d":"M545.9 76.5L535.6 75.8L534.7 77L537.5 81.5L533.1 80.3L531.3 78.6L529.9 69.3L518.7 66.3L502.1 48.5L493 43.9L492.9 35.4L502.3 42.2L501.9 45.3L506.3 48.5L507.2 51.8L510.6 51.6L509.6 47.2L524.9 52.4L525.6 47.3L521.9 45.2L520.4 42.5L523.1 41.1L522.2 34.7L519.4 34.8L516.4 31.7L512.4 31L507.8 32.6L505 35.6L504 34.9L504.9 30.1L511 25.6L511.7 23.4L510 18.3L521.9 17.2L523.2 19.9L527.8 21.3L527.3 15.3L532.5 18L536.7 17.3L533.8 21.8L530.6 23.5L519.2 21.3L517.4 22.8L526.4 29.5L548.4 52.1L556.6 55L557.2 62.6L552.5 64.1L551.1 66.1L550.2 75.7L546.3 71L544.4 70.3L543.8 71.3L546.5 75.1Z"},{"d":"M158.2 72.3L160.7 70.6L161.5 72.8L170.9 72.9L174.7 75.2L179 80.1L181.5 87.3L179.1 90.3L172.5 88.3L168.8 83.1L162.6 81.7Z"},{"d":"M160.7 70.6L158.2 72.3L155.7 65.7L149.1 57.4L146.4 46.5L139.8 37.8L140 33.4L144.7 29.5L151.3 27.3L159.1 26.6L164.6 28.1L166.9 31.9L169.4 55.6L161.1 65.5Z"},{"d":"M354.7 581.4L354.6 582.8L351.6 582.3L350.5 579L341 576.1L328.4 565.7L310.8 554L310.4 551.7L312.7 550.8L318.3 552.4L336.2 561.3L337.9 560.2L337.3 552.7L339 551.4L340.4 555.6L355.7 575.9Z"},{"d":"M298 69.7L295.1 71.1L293.3 74.6L275.3 70.6L274.7 69.2L285.5 62.6L290 56L297.6 61.8L301.7 61L303.5 71.3Z"},{"d":"M111.2 64.3L109.2 74.6L108 74.4L103.8 65.6L104.2 63.4L105.1 61.3L109 60.8Z"},{"d":"M432.1 790.5L420.4 783.7L419.7 780.9L421.1 777L419.1 771.2L410.1 763.4L409.4 761L406 758.2L400.8 761.1L405.1 753.9L404.7 752.3L403.3 751.8L401.8 754.3L399.6 753.8L397.1 755.4L396.2 749.1L390.2 747.5L389.3 752.2L386.1 745.9L383.6 745.1L381 747L377.8 741.2L375.7 741.7L373.4 737.2L378.4 736.3L387.3 741.1L389.7 734.4L393.9 739.1L402.5 740.2L402.6 742.8L399.9 743.5L398.5 747.9L400.2 750.1L404 748L406.7 739.5L408.5 740L409.8 742.9L408.3 746.2L411 747.8L412.8 757.9L424.6 778.5L433.1 788.3Z"},{"d":"M428.8 666.3L427.6 668.6L416.9 671L404.2 664.7L390.2 670.3L389.6 675.6L387 676L380.3 684.8L372.8 701.3L367.7 703L370.8 691.7L373.4 690.2L382.3 675.2L381.4 663.5L385.9 662.6L390.9 663.8L392.9 660.8L396.8 662.6L400.5 660.7L418.2 661L421.3 656.1L422 646.8Z"},{"d":"M882.4 295.4L883.4 271.6L888.1 268.5L894.8 267.2L898.9 256.4L898.8 248.5L909.2 240.1L909.6 232.9L905.3 224.6L905.7 222.4L907.8 222.7L911.8 230.4L914.2 231.2L916.1 230.3L915.1 220.4L916.4 218.9L916.5 223.4L919.4 226.8L931 227.9L938.3 226.1L941.4 223.5L951.5 225.3L955 223.6L961.7 224.1L981.8 219.9L987.4 221.7L989.3 220.8L989.2 216.4L986.8 211.1L987.3 206.2L989.7 202.9L989 210.2L991.1 214.1L995 213.3L1000 209.3L997.8 216.2L992.1 218.2L991.2 221.2L987.2 224.7L980.1 222L979 223.4L980.6 227L979.4 229.3L975.5 226.1L968.7 224.1L963.8 226.6L934.6 232.9L919.6 242.8L917.4 248.3L911.4 247.9L904 250.8L901.6 254.6L902.6 258.7L907.1 260.3L903.2 264.3L899 279.1L890.9 280.6L887.4 282.8L886.3 286.2L888 291.4L891.8 295.2L896.7 297.5L898.4 302.2L904.4 303.9L913.2 300.8L928.9 292.2L929.4 294.1L922.3 297.7L919 302.6L911.2 308.4L911.3 311.5L915.8 317.5L916.5 321.7L908.1 314.5L905.8 326.6L906.7 330.6L912.2 332.4L934.2 333.3L935 334.9L933.2 336.6L920.8 336.1L914.6 337.9L911.6 344.5L896.8 344.7L895.3 342.3L908.4 343.1L910.8 341.5L910.8 339.9L903.4 335.9L904 334.7L899 324.3L900.3 314.3L897.2 308.1L888.6 299.3Z"}],"locator":{"d":"M117 62L114 60L118 59ZM117 59L113 60L112 57L113 56L117 57L116 55L117 55L119 56ZM129 41L124 43L124 42L124 40L127 40ZM160 38L159 39L161 43L158 45L160 42L157 38ZM67 45L64 50L63 47L59 45L61 43ZM139 27L141 27L139 27L137 29L133 26L131 27L131 25L136 26L138 27ZM70 69L68 69L68 67ZM28 19L25 17L19 16L16 17L17 16L9 20L13 17L10 17L10 16L8 16L11 14L7 14L11 13L7 12L13 10L22 11L22 16ZM58 25L62 24L63 25L59 27L58 29L58 28L57 29L58 30L55 33L55 36L54 33L51 33L47 33L46 36L41 32L33 31L31 28L31 23L51 23L54 25L54 27ZM99 21L97 21L98 20L97 19L97 17L101 21ZM131 36L131 37L129 37ZM121 24L116 25L116 23L112 23L114 21L119 21L122 22ZM119 51L116 51L117 48L119 48ZM131 27L133 26L137 29L135 30L132 29L130 29L129 28L130 27L129 27ZM123 27L125 28L125 29L116 30L115 29L116 27ZM106 32L105 33L105 29L106 29ZM156 39L159 41L157 43L156 43L156 47L155 45L155 43L154 40ZM118 55L116 54L117 51L122 53L122 56L119 56ZM138 29L139 27L138 28L142 29ZM120 30L124 29L120 32ZM106 17L109 12L113 12L113 13L110 15L111 17L109 19L107 19ZM119 48L116 48L113 45L118 43ZM119 45L118 43L117 45L113 45L112 43L114 38L120 38L121 40ZM99 26L102 27L99 30L96 29L97 27L95 26ZM116 62L118 65L117 67L114 69L110 69L109 66L111 66L111 64L112 65ZM123 51L123 48L128 43ZM127 44L127 46L124 44ZM93 42L93 43L91 43L92 43L90 42L92 41ZM129 39L124 41L119 34L122 32L127 34L131 38ZM0 12L6 13L0 14ZM173 26L175 23L173 23L169 20L165 22L155 21L154 22L149 23L144 22L143 20L138 19L134 20L134 22L126 22L127 24L126 25L126 27L120 25L122 22L118 21L117 19L115 18L117 17L115 16L118 15L116 12L123 12L118 13L121 15L125 13L124 12L126 13L134 11L138 12L137 11L140 9L141 12L138 13L140 13L142 12L144 12L141 12L142 10L146 11L145 9L158 7L163 8L158 10L169 9L173 11L178 10L188 11L189 12L199 11L200 14L197 14L200 15L191 17L191 19L187 22L187 19L192 15L178 18L175 20L179 20L178 23ZM131 9L132 11L129 10ZM179 20L180 23L179 24ZM116 25L116 26L113 26L111 24L115 23ZM95 27L97 27L96 29ZM113 21L113 23L111 23L108 22L108 20L113 20ZM167 40L169 43L167 42ZM170 45L170 47L168 46ZM61 52L59 54L62 57L61 60L58 58L55 53L56 53L58 50ZM68 61L70 63L69 65L67 65L68 64L65 62L66 61ZM178 55L178 51L184 56L180 54ZM143 30L139 35L139 36L134 36L135 35L134 33L137 33L140 30ZM129 41L129 39L131 39L131 36L133 38ZM111 12L107 15L106 17L103 17L104 16L103 15L110 11L117 11ZM109 6L112 6L109 7L108 7L109 6L106 6ZM171 29L170 29L169 28L172 26ZM108 42L106 46L103 48L102 46L102 42ZM108 42L103 42L102 44L100 42L107 37L109 39ZM54 42L53 44L51 43ZM196 73L195 75L192 76ZM196 69L199 71L197 73ZM149 35L144 34L145 33ZM113 60L112 60L111 66L109 66L107 60ZM117 62L118 59L117 58L119 58L120 60L119 56L122 56L123 59L119 61L120 64L118 65ZM99 30L99 32L91 38L97 30ZM95 35L93 36L93 38L91 38ZM149 23L154 22L155 21L165 22L164 23L167 24L158 27L154 26ZM35 32L44 33L46 36L47 40L49 40L52 38L51 40L49 40L49 42L43 40L37 33L36 32L36 33L39 37ZM93 42L91 41L91 38L93 38L93 36L95 35L97 36L96 36L97 41ZM94 43L94 41L97 41L96 36L102 39L102 41L99 42L97 44ZM156 46L157 47L158 49ZM165 48L164 49L161 49L165 46L166 47ZM118 58L118 55L120 58L120 60ZM128 57L128 59L125 64L124 60ZM113 20L112 19L115 19ZM105 33L106 32L111 33L112 32L114 32L114 39L106 36ZM115 19L112 19L114 18L115 18ZM157 38L160 42L158 42L158 40L156 40ZM139 28L141 27L139 27L140 26L145 27ZM119 51L120 47L123 48L122 53ZM139 27L138 27L133 25L131 25L131 27L129 27L128 25L129 24L127 24L126 22L128 21L134 22L134 20L138 19L143 20L144 22L149 23L144 25L145 27ZM180 25L181 26L178 27L179 25ZM178 27L178 30L173 31L177 29ZM104 24L108 24L107 25L110 28L109 29ZM124 29L126 30L127 33L122 32ZM130 29L134 30L134 33L135 35L134 36L129 35L125 31L125 28ZM154 47L158 50L159 53ZM169 49L167 50L169 50L167 51L168 52L167 51L166 53L167 49ZM161 49L164 49L165 48L166 49L164 52L161 52ZM178 51L178 55L173 51ZM138 37L139 36L139 35L142 32L141 31L143 30L146 35L154 34L152 38L151 36L149 35L149 38L145 41L143 46L141 38L139 38ZM91 13L92 14L90 15L86 14ZM112 23L112 24L109 24ZM54 42L52 43L50 42ZM66 47L67 46L69 49L67 49ZM94 45L92 44L92 43L95 43L96 45ZM115 27L113 28L113 29L112 30L113 29L112 27ZM100 44L101 47L98 47L98 44ZM105 24L103 21L105 20L105 19L108 20L108 22L107 22L108 23ZM124 27L122 26L125 26L126 27ZM107 49L108 51L106 52L105 50ZM104 24L104 26L101 26L99 26L99 24L97 23L101 22ZM113 13L111 12L116 11L118 15L113 17L112 15ZM120 47L118 46L121 42L127 46L122 48ZM115 18L113 17L116 17ZM120 42L121 40L124 43ZM120 38L114 38L114 33L119 33L119 35L118 34ZM58 50L55 52L56 50ZM83 4L88 4L83 4L87 5L94 5L89 6L88 7L90 7L87 7L89 9L85 9L88 9L85 10L88 11L85 10L84 11L88 11L78 14L76 17L72 15L70 13L72 13L70 13L72 12L70 12L72 12L70 11L71 10L69 10L67 8L60 7L66 4ZM55 37L59 39L53 38ZM108 25L111 25L109 25L110 26ZM96 44L99 45L98 47L96 48ZM117 55L116 55L116 57L112 56L112 54L107 53L109 52L111 47L115 47L117 49L116 51ZM106 52L108 51L107 49L110 48L109 52ZM60 43L59 45L63 47L63 49L61 49L61 52L56 49L57 45ZM160 38L158 37L156 38L153 34L149 35L145 33L141 28L145 27L144 25L148 23L154 26L161 26L167 24L164 23L167 21L170 21L173 23L175 23L173 26L165 28L168 29L166 31L168 34L165 37ZM61 60L63 63L59 78L62 79L60 80L59 79L59 77L58 76L60 75ZM113 39L113 44L109 46L107 42L108 37ZM113 45L115 47L111 47L109 49L108 47L109 46L112 44ZM28 19L22 16L22 11L29 11L40 13L41 12L40 12L46 12L47 13L48 12L46 11L47 10L51 13L52 11L55 12L53 13L49 13L51 14L48 14L50 15L47 16L48 18L54 19L56 22L56 20L57 19L57 15L59 15L61 16L62 18L64 17L66 19L68 20L66 20L69 21L61 23L54 27L54 25L51 23L32 23L28 20ZM36 10L41 9L44 11L37 12L35 11L38 11L34 10ZM33 9L36 9L33 10L30 10L31 9ZM61 4L66 4L56 6L59 6L55 8L50 7L54 7L51 7L55 6L52 5L57 5L49 5ZM44 9L46 10L43 10ZM53 14L55 15L52 15ZM49 5L53 6L49 6L46 5ZM48 7L56 8L49 9L46 7ZM48 9L50 9L47 10ZM63 25L62 24L58 25L64 23L63 23L66 25L64 26L65 25ZM69 21L68 22L70 23L71 24L67 24ZM52 11L55 9L66 13L62 13L64 15L62 15L63 16L57 14L60 13L58 11L51 11L52 11L50 9L53 9ZM105 47L108 43L109 49L106 49ZM160 42L159 44L157 44L157 42ZM156 39L154 40L155 44L154 41L152 41L151 38L154 34ZM101 44L97 44L100 42L101 43ZM116 27L113 27L112 26L116 26ZM63 49L66 47L67 49L71 48L72 49L71 51L74 50L80 53L77 62L73 64L70 69L68 67L70 65L68 62L68 59L64 55L61 56L59 54L61 52L61 49ZM114 60L116 62L111 65L112 60ZM61 60L61 56L64 55L68 60L62 63ZM101 47L100 44L102 43ZM118 21L113 21L116 19L117 19ZM149 38L149 35L151 36L151 38L150 37ZM127 29L125 27L127 27ZM180 57L185 64L183 71L179 71L176 70L177 68L175 69L173 67L164 69L163 62L167 61L170 58L172 58L173 56L176 57L175 58L178 60ZM68 67L68 71L64 73L65 74L62 76L63 77L62 78L62 79L60 79L59 78L62 64L65 62L68 64L67 65L70 64ZM113 56L112 57L113 60L107 60L108 56L107 53L112 54ZM105 29L105 35L107 37L103 39L102 39L95 35L99 32L99 30ZM137 29L142 29L137 33L134 33L134 30ZM68 85L64 87L66 90L66 91L57 93L60 93L55 93L57 94L53 93L66 96L87 94L80 94L90 92L94 89L122 89L130 87L139 88L137 91L147 87L175 87L195 90L189 92L193 94L188 95L200 97L200 100L0 100L0 97L13 97L3 96L11 96L15 96L13 95L18 95L12 93L36 91L45 92L43 90L62 91L63 90L63 87ZM75 94L76 95L70 95ZM61 88L62 90L58 90L61 90L60 88Z","height":100,"rect":{"h":9,"w":16,"x":112.7,"y":17},"width":200},"points":[{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Oleshky","lat":46.62,"lon":32.72,"n":1,"verification":"researched","x":339.2,"y":714.7},{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Dnipro","lat":48.4647,"lon":35.0462,"n":2,"verification":"researched","x":419.9,"y":612.2},{"date":"2026-11-01","label":"Kstovo","lat":56.15,"lon":44.19,"n":3,"verification":"researched","x":736.9,"y":185.3},{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Kyiv","lat":50.4501,"lon":30.5234,"n":5,"verification":"researched","x":263.1,"y":501.9}],"projection":"equirectangular","rivers":[{"d":"M150.2 852.6L167.6 840.1L173.2 833.2L172.9 823L171.3 818.9"},{"d":"M234.8 790.3L230 784.1L224.3 781.4L218 782.3L206.6 788.6L202.7 787.5L202 791.7L206.2 794.7"},{"d":"M206.2 794.7L212.9 799.1L217.4 800.2L222.4 806.4L231.3 809.4"},{"d":"M206.2 794.7L233.8 796.3"},{"d":"M0.4 853.2L3.3 855.9L0 860.4M0 869.3L10.1 867.3L44.8 873.4L51.9 871.7L77.1 877.7L88.8 878.5L95.4 876.3L113.8 859.8L123.2 855.6L144 851L155.2 852.6L170.8 845.7L176.4 841.2L178.5 833.8L176.7 831.7L175.3 823.4L169.7 816.1L176 784.8L178.3 781.7L183 779.7L186.6 785.4L191.3 788.5L202 791.7"},{"d":"M317 143.2L316.4 144.9L322.7 148L325.3 152L323.7 159.8L317.3 171.7L316.6 182.9L314.3 183.8L313.8 188.4L296.2 191.5L293.1 194.2L292.8 199.8L295.2 208.2L294 212.8L285.6 215.8L281.6 220.9L259.1 228.7L252.4 233.4L250.1 238.4L238.5 237.8L235.4 240.2L235.3 242L229.5 243.2L227.3 245.3L212.3 230.9L207.5 223.9L200.7 220.1L178.6 214.7L175.1 211.3L171.5 203.8L156.9 204.5L141.5 199.3L134.3 198.8L127.8 200.3L123.2 199.2L116.5 183.7L112.7 178.9L112 174.6L98.6 162.9L98 160.4L73.4 159.6L54.5 147.7L44.6 144L40.1 138.9L38.8 134.4"},{"d":"M374.5 200.6L377.3 203.3L376.8 206.7L379.8 209.6L375.6 217.5L373.3 218.9L370.5 218.3L369.2 221.5L368.7 233.2L362.5 253.8"},{"d":"M0 563.6L5.1 556.9M5.1 556.9L15.7 551.7L23.3 551.1L31.4 553.4L41.8 558.3L49.4 568.9L53.1 569.3L57.5 572.4L66.4 580.9L71.1 582.6L77 589.2L78.9 588.9L80.3 591.3L85.4 591.1L89.6 593.1L94.8 599.7L102.6 604.3L107.5 603.8L109.5 606.8L123.6 609.3L126.8 612.1L134.1 605.9L136.9 607L150.4 604.7L156 605.6L157.6 609.7L160.8 612.2L169.4 614.9L176.9 620.2L178.7 623.8L185.7 624.8L187.6 626.2L187.4 630L190.3 629.9L191.7 633L194.3 632.3L196.6 637.5L202.2 638.8L208 643.7L210.6 649.4L210.9 661.2L213.9 668.6L213.9 676.4L215.6 680.6L215 686.1L219.5 685.5L221.2 687.2L222.8 692L221 695.4L225 696.1L228.9 704.7L230.7 703.2L232.3 704L233.6 710.9L237 715.8L249.5 725.6L252.6 725.5L254.3 731.4"},{"d":"M334.3 715L351.3 707L361.3 705.5L367.7 703M421.9 646.9L422.8 639.6L421 633.6L424.7 629.7L425 627L422.2 616.2L416.9 611.5L412 610.7L397.8 602.5L373.8 585.7L361.5 578.9L355.7 577.3M310.4 551.7L295.6 540.5M294.9 526.9L288.1 528.1L282.1 525.7L274.6 520L266.6 509.6L262.8 493.8M362.5 253.8L348.2 249.1L339.9 253.8L332 266.2L327.5 266.1L322 262.2L314.5 261.6L300.4 265.5L269.8 270.7L266.5 273.4L261 274.9L259.3 277.2L255.5 286.6L259 310.3L256.2 311.4L254 323.3L257.8 343.8L254.6 346.4L253.7 353.6L250.6 353.4L246.3 357.4L246.1 362.8L247.8 370.9L253.9 382.2L253.7 385L257.1 393.1L263.9 398.8L263.2 400.7L265.2 404.9L272.6 416.1L271.7 421.7L264.1 434.8L266.1 453L262.5 459.3"},{"d":"M664.8 660.2L661.5 662.5L640.4 660.3L632.7 663.2L626.6 662.1L625.3 659.7L612 666.3L605.9 671.3L601.5 677.8L595.5 681.2L580.9 683.2L567.1 687.7M714.7 554.3L708.8 555.5L704.4 562.2L699 564.5L696.2 559.6L689.9 556.3L686.3 550.2L683.4 551L651 548.3L637.2 549.9L635.7 548.6L636 544.5L634.4 541.7L623.6 536.5L621.1 529.4L614 529.5L609 520.3L606.6 519.2L605 522.3L602.8 523.3L593 521.2L591.7 519.6L592.7 516.6L591.3 510.9L593.8 504.3L592.9 500.5L588.9 496.5L587.5 490.8L583.2 486.2L585.2 480.7L583.9 474L566.2 472.1L561.9 470L562 467.4L566.1 461.8L563.9 460.1L561.5 451.2L558.8 447.5L557.4 438.2L561.2 423.7L561.6 415.2M561.6 414.8L562.3 408.9L556.6 402.1L553.7 391.5L553.9 376.8L560.2 363.7L562.4 353.7L560.8 335.4L556.9 328.3L544.5 322.1L540.7 318.4L540.7 312.5L532.9 301.2"},{"d":"M595.1 0.5L599.1 2.2L600.7 9L603.8 10.2L610.1 9.3L623.4 3.7L626.7 5L638.4 4.6L653.5 0.7"},{"d":"M45.8 620.2L48.6 621.7L48.5 625L42.8 640.5L37 641.6L26.8 639L18.8 635.3L12.9 630.5L7.3 629.5L0 632.6"},{"d":"M1000 455.3L986.7 463.1L980.7 476.7L977.7 493.9L976.8 509.6L984.4 520.2L984.1 529.4L987.4 533.9L992.3 547.5L1000 560.5M1000 605.3L994.7 609.5L993.9 613.4L995 616.6L992.7 628.7L995.2 637.1L994.6 653.8L996.4 661.5L1000 666.3"},{"d":"M863.5 708.3L872.9 711.2L876.6 715.5L879.9 726.9L883.2 729.4L892.7 744.4M788 514.6L779.4 523.8L777.5 536.3L768.7 554L765.4 563L764.1 571.7L750.7 597.6L748.6 604.8L751 607.8L760.3 612.2L776.7 614.7L779.2 614.5L780.5 612.5L784.4 613L795 618.5L802.3 625.9L805 631.9L804.7 638.4L806.4 642.6L809.9 644.6L813.8 650.7L816.9 651.6L830 668.9L834.6 671.2L837.2 676.1L837.3 681.7L850.4 692L854.6 696.8L855.5 701.7L858.3 701.7L862.1 706.2L869.1 721L868.9 728.6L853.8 760.8L856.9 768.2M935 334.9L939.8 335L942.1 337.8L943.5 343.3L942.8 347.2L940 349.6L936.9 350L933.3 348.5L918.5 351.8L913 348.1L907.8 347.5L900.8 348.7L887.2 354.5L886 357.1L888.5 364.8L886.5 370.5L880.6 377.6L865.6 408.9L861.2 412.2L856.6 413.4L851.9 412.8L843.8 416.9L826.5 429.8M710.6 156.1L718.4 166.1L736.1 178.4L739.3 183.6L745.9 185.8L749.9 188.9L757.2 189L774.7 186L780.3 187.9L782 185.7L790.5 184.4L792.9 182.5L797.4 184.7L800.5 184.1L804.5 180.7L816.7 174.9L823.2 176.5L829.4 182.3L840.1 185.3L863.1 185.5L871.3 197.8L884.9 203.3L897 205.6L903.8 210.7L905.7 222.4M492.8 151.8L501.2 145.8L504.2 141.7L507 132.2L514 121.9M335 124.2L339.6 141.1L350.9 141.8L367.3 147.6L372.4 151.1L382.1 162.2L382.9 165.3L378.2 168.9L378.7 170.1L398.3 180L406.8 182L410.8 179.9L414.9 174.9L414.1 172.2L416.8 165.7L416.1 163.3L426 159.6L429.9 154.6L441.6 147.2L449.8 145.5L455.2 146.6L464.9 151.5L465.9 154.4M638.2 110.7L651.1 113.2L657.1 113L660.6 110.9L667 111.1L680.9 115M591.9 106.6L586.6 100.9L584.4 95.3L574.9 87.6L546.7 76.2M532.7 106.3L537.8 95.8L538.9 89.6L537.5 81.5"}],"scale":{"km":200,"label":"200 km","px":99.8},"version":2,"width":1000},"name":"Russia-Ukraine war and European security architecture","numbers":{"actors":[{"iso2":"RU","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Mikhail Mishustin","head_of_state":"Vladimir Putin"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":4,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":1454000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":6,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1041.38,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":6,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2533.17,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":46,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,1.9],[2017,2],[2018,7],[2019,3.9],[2020,2.4],[2021,6.8],[2022,10.4],[2023,2.4],[2024,2.9],[2025,1.6],[2026,2.9]],"unit":"pct","value":2.9,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":115,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-75.1375,"year":2022},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":14953.6,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":4,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,8057.76],[2015,7930.56],[2016,8086.06],[2017,8135.74],[2018,8432.21],[2019,8370.03],[2020,8075.71],[2021,8331.27],[2022,8626.76],[2023,8760.9],[2024,9049.15]],"unit":"twh","value":9049.15,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":140,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,25.8545],[2017,26.0909],[2018,30.7933],[2019,28.4334],[2020,25.5222],[2021,30.0024],[2022,27.7096],[2023,22.7699],[2024,21.8564],[2025,18.2031]],"unit":"pct","value":18.2031,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":21,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":466237000000,"year":2025},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":109,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":16.7574,"year":2022},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":7,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":376117000000,"year":2022},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":64,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.7],[2017,-1.5],[2018,2.9],[2019,1.9],[2020,-4],[2021,0.8],[2022,-1.3],[2023,-2.2],[2024,-1.6],[2025,-3.9],[2026,-2]],"unit":"pct","value":-2,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":26,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":43.1469,"year":2021},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":4770.23,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":6298.64,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":8,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1276790000000],[2017,1574200000000],[2018,1657330000000],[2019,1693120000000],[2020,1493080000000],[2021,1829190000000],[2022,2292500000000],[2023,2046280000000],[2024,2186460000000],[2025,2561310000000]],"unit":"usd","value":2561310000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":161,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,0.193671],[2017,1.82671],[2018,2.80634],[2019,2.19808],[2020,-2.65365],[2021,5.86649],[2022,-1.43537],[2023,4.06661],[2024,4.92168],[2025,1.00118]],"unit":"pct","value":1.00118,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":64,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8663.16],[2017,10658.9],[2018,11211.9],[2019,11447.7],[2020,10108.3],[2021,12425],[2022,15625.6],[2023,13987],[2024,14961.9],[2025,17546.6]],"unit":"usd","value":17546.6,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":175,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,14.8],[2017,14.3],[2018,13.6],[2019,13.7],[2020,19.2],[2021,16.5],[2022,15.1],[2023,15.2],[2024,14.8],[2025,17.2],[2026,19.1]],"unit":"pct","value":19.1,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":164,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,20.6636],[2017,20.7856],[2018,20.7876],[2019,20.7953],[2020,20.4447],[2021,20.5838],[2022,15.0567],[2023,18.5696],[2024,17.562],[2025,15.507]],"unit":"pct","value":15.507,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":24,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":397182000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":3,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,69245300000],[2017,66913000000],[2018,61609200000],[2019,65201300000],[2020,61712500000],[2021,65907700000],[2022,102367000000],[2023,109204000000],[2024,148967000000]],"unit":"usd","value":148967000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":5,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5.42515],[2017,4.249],[2018,3.71982],[2019,3.86034],[2020,4.14472],[2021,3.57592],[2022,4.60729],[2023,5.40232],[2024,7.05234]],"unit":"pct","value":7.05234,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":4,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2129.1,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":6121.84,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":4,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,10],[2017,7.75],[2018,7.75],[2019,6.25],[2020,4.25],[2021,8.5],[2022,7.5],[2023,16],[2024,21],[2025,16],[2026,14]],"unit":"pct","value":14,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":9,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,145015000],[2017,145293000],[2018,145398000],[2019,145453000],[2020,145245000],[2021,144747000],[2022,144237000],[2023,143826000],[2024,143670000],[2025,143513000]],"unit":"people","value":143513000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":16.7768,"year":2024},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":6,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,377052000000],[2017,432731000000],[2018,468645000000],[2019,555179000000],[2020,596770000000],[2021,632242000000],[2022,581710000000],[2023,597217000000],[2024,608361000000]],"unit":"usd","value":608361000000,"year":2024}},"name":"Russia","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":14,"value":68679200000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":8.6,"value":42145000000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":6,"value":29645600000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":5.4,"value":26426300000},{"iso2":"BY","name":"Belarus","share":4.7,"value":23130400000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":43.1,"value":212418000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":15.5,"value":76377400000},{"name":"Metals","share":10.4,"value":51030300000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":6.8,"value":33558200000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":5.2,"value":25708200000}],"total":492314000000,"year":2021},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":24.8,"value":72693000000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":9.3,"value":27350600000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":5.9,"value":17265500000},{"iso2":"BY","name":"Belarus","share":5.3,"value":15635500000},{"iso2":"KR","name":"South Korea","share":4.4,"value":12986900000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":31.1,"value":91192700000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":12.1,"value":35399200000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":11.1,"value":32615700000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":10.3,"value":30266100000},{"name":"Metals","share":6.9,"value":20346600000}],"total":293497000000,"year":2021}}},{"iso2":"UA","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Serhii Koretskyi","head_of_state":"Volodymyr Zelenskyy"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":24,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":298000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":21,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":107.1,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":17,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":105.564,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":180,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-1.5],[2017,-2.2],[2018,-3.3],[2019,-2.7],[2020,2.7],[2021,-2.4],[2022,4.5],[2023,-5.2],[2024,-8],[2025,-15],[2026,-18.9]],"unit":"pct","value":-18.9,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":74,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":23.5926,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":39,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":314.859,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":42,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,1208.37],[2015,1003.41],[2016,1049.99],[2017,975.331],[2018,1011.99],[2019,957.663],[2020,918.452],[2021,934.935],[2022,618.781],[2023,588.13],[2024,601.054]],"unit":"twh","value":601.054,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":116,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,49.2986],[2017,48.1249],[2018,45.2352],[2019,41.2317],[2020,38.8216],[2021,40.6883],[2022,35.4451],[2023,28.3005],[2024,29.672],[2025,25.3335]],"unit":"pct","value":25.3335,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":61,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":54272900000,"year":2025},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":11,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":101.267,"year":2024},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":10,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":193492000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":188,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-2.5],[2017,-2.4],[2018,-2.1],[2019,-2.1],[2020,-5.9],[2021,-4],[2022,-15.6],[2023,-19.3],[2024,-17.2],[2025,-23.3],[2026,-18.4]],"unit":"pct","value":-18.4,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":132,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":0.482782,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":38,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":199.438,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":32,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":180.954,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":56,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,93355900000],[2017,112091000000],[2018,130891000000],[2019,153883000000],[2020,156618000000],[2021,199766000000],[2022,161990000000],[2023,181222000000],[2024,190834000000],[2025,214233000000]],"unit":"usd","value":214233000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":139,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,2.44098],[2017,2.35997],[2018,3.48836],[2019,3.1995],[2020,-3.75282],[2021,3.44562],[2022,-28.7586],[2023,5.53473],[2024,3.24812],[2025,1.82152]],"unit":"pct","value":1.82152,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":113,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,2158.46],[2017,2604.29],[2018,3059.05],[2019,3619.86],[2020,3709.77],[2021,4775.95],[2022,4199.67],[2023,5139.6],[2024,5391.62],[2025,5865.88]],"unit":"usd","value":5865.88,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":13,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,79.5],[2017,71.6],[2018,60.4],[2019,50.5],[2020,60.5],[2021,48.9],[2022,77.7],[2023,81.2],[2024,89.7],[2025,108.7],[2026,122.6]],"unit":"pct","value":122.6,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":69,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,56.2226],[2017,55.9101],[2018,53.9646],[2019,49.2795],[2020,40.3348],[2021,42.0096],[2022,51.9514],[2023,49.2091],[2024,50.0165],[2025,51.8467]],"unit":"pct","value":51.8467,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":46,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":111073000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":8,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3423290000],[2017,3647570000],[2018,4750220000],[2019,6262430000],[2020,6838770000],[2021,6898120000],[2022,41183900000],[2023,64908000000],[2024,64705000000]],"unit":"usd","value":64705000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":1,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3.66862],[2017,3.24149],[2018,3.63517],[2019,4.06794],[2020,4.40031],[2021,3.42549],[2022,25.6424],[2023,36.5282],[2024,34.4815]],"unit":"pct","value":34.4815,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":54,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":110.54,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":56,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":28.341,"year":2016},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":40,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,45616800],[2017,45436000],[2018,45208900],[2019,44957500],[2020,44680000],[2021,44298600],[2022,41048800],[2023,37732800],[2024,37860200],[2025,38980400]],"unit":"people","value":38980400,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":66,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":5.02796,"year":2024},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":43,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,15537300000],[2017,18810900000],[2018,20817900000],[2019,25317000000],[2020,29137500000],[2021,30966700000],[2022,28505900000],[2023,40510100000],[2024,43780500000],[2025,57268400000]],"unit":"usd","value":57268400000,"year":2025}},"name":"Ukraine","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"PL","name":"Poland","share":13.2,"value":4758620000},{"iso2":"RO","name":"Romania","share":10.4,"value":3764680000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":6.7,"value":2406410000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":6.5,"value":2368620000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":5.6,"value":2019700000}],"products":[{"name":"Vegetable products","share":48.1,"value":17389400000},{"name":"Metals","share":10.8,"value":3916290000},{"name":"Foodstuffs","share":9.1,"value":3277840000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":7.2,"value":2623200000},{"name":"Minerals","share":5.6,"value":2030180000}],"total":36185500000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":16.4,"value":10441800000},{"iso2":"PL","name":"Poland","share":10.3,"value":6577270000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":8,"value":5061600000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":7.4,"value":4723000000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":4.5,"value":2866880000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":18.5,"value":11744800000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":16.3,"value":10363300000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":11.6,"value":7364100000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":11.6,"value":7353480000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":11.4,"value":7218330000}],"total":63561900000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"US","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Donald Trump","head_of_state":"Donald Trump"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":5,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":1395000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2195.63,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":5,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2947.84,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":121,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-2.1],[2017,-1.9],[2018,-2.1],[2019,-2.1],[2020,-2.8],[2021,-3.6],[2022,-3.8],[2023,-3.3],[2024,-4],[2025,-3.6],[2026,-3.7]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.7,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":101,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-9.00059,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":23255.3,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":2,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,25995.9],[2015,25747.4],[2016,25727.1],[2017,25822.2],[2018,26769],[2019,26578.5],[2020,24630.4],[2021,25956.8],[2022,26512.5],[2023,26216.5],[2024,26528.6]],"unit":"twh","value":26528.6,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":161,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,11.8882],[2017,12.1775],[2018,12.2871],[2019,11.7892],[2020,10.1231],[2021,10.8267],[2022,11.6541],[2023,11.0507],[2024,10.9747]],"unit":"pct","value":10.9747,"year":2024},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":3215370000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":171,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-4.4],[2017,-4.8],[2018,-5.3],[2019,-5.8],[2020,-14.1],[2021,-11.5],[2022,-3.7],[2023,-7.9],[2024,-7.9],[2025,-6.8],[2026,-7.5]],"unit":"pct","value":-7.5,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":40,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":18.3113,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":9021.99,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":10330,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":1,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,18804900000000],[2017,19612100000000],[2018,20656500000000],[2019,21540000000000],[2020,21375300000000],[2021,23725600000000],[2022,26054600000000],[2023,27811500000000],[2024,29298000000000],[2025,30769700000000]],"unit":"usd","value":30769700000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":128,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.81945],[2017,2.45762],[2018,2.96651],[2019,2.58383],[2020,-2.08138],[2021,6.15202],[2022,2.52421],[2023,2.93436],[2024,2.79319],[2025,2.16138]],"unit":"pct","value":2.16138,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":9,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,57976.6],[2017,60047.7],[2018,62875.7],[2019,65228],[2020,64465.3],[2021,71441.2],[2022,78008.7],[2023,82586.8],[2024,86169.7],[2025,90026.5]],"unit":"usd","value":90026.5,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":12,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,107.4],[2017,106.4],[2018,107.7],[2019,108.8],[2020,132.6],[2021,125],[2022,119.1],[2023,120],[2024,122.3],[2025,123.9],[2026,125.8]],"unit":"pct","value":125.8,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":167,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,14.5644],[2017,14.9479],[2018,15.1582],[2019,14.4693],[2020,13.0169],[2021,14.4061],[2022,15.2538],[2023,13.8786],[2024,14.0413]],"unit":"pct","value":14.0413,"year":2024},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":1,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":4113830000000,"year":2024},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":1,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,639856000000],[2017,646753000000],[2018,682491000000],[2019,734344000000],[2020,778397000000],[2021,806230000000],[2022,860692000000],[2023,916015000000],[2024,997309000000]],"unit":"usd","value":997309000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":20,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3.4026],[2017,3.29772],[2018,3.304],[2019,3.40921],[2020,3.64519],[2021,3.40452],[2022,3.30948],[2023,3.30444],[2024,3.41922]],"unit":"pct","value":3.41922,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":9948.95,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":9977.38,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":24,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,0.625],[2017,1.375],[2018,2.375],[2019,1.625],[2020,0.125],[2021,0.125],[2022,4.375],[2023,5.375],[2024,4.375],[2025,3.625],[2026,3.625]],"unit":"pct","value":3.625,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":3,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,324353000],[2017,326609000],[2018,328530000],[2019,330226000],[2020,331578000],[2021,332100000],[2022,333996000],[2023,336755000],[2024,340004000],[2025,341785000]],"unit":"people","value":341785000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":120,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":2.83633,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,405942000000],[2017,451285000000],[2018,449907000000],[2019,516701000000],[2020,628370000000],[2021,716152000000],[2022,706644000000],[2023,773426000000],[2024,910037000000],[2025,1385450000000]],"unit":"usd","value":1385450000000,"year":2025}},"name":"United States","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CA","name":"Canada","share":17.5,"value":352760000000},{"iso2":"MX","name":"Mexico","share":16,"value":323228000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":7.3,"value":147806000000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":4.1,"value":82186200000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":3.8,"value":76472600000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":21.4,"value":432795000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":16.1,"value":324950000000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":16,"value":323171000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":11.4,"value":230315000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":8.5,"value":171047000000}],"total":2018540000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"MX","name":"Mexico","share":15.2,"value":480051000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":14.1,"value":448017000000},{"iso2":"CA","name":"Canada","share":13.6,"value":429605000000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":5.1,"value":162959000000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":4.8,"value":151581000000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":29.1,"value":922652000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":13.2,"value":417929000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":12.2,"value":386706000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":10.4,"value":328750000000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":8.4,"value":266592000000}],"total":3168470000000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"EU","leaders":{},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":null,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":1913000,"year":2020},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":null,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":62.4866,"year":2023},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,45.9062],[2017,47.499],[2018,48.2835],[2019,48.606],[2020,45.8436],[2021,49.7171],[2022,55.2994],[2023,51.758],[2024,50.3675],[2025,49.6067]],"unit":"pct","value":49.6067,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":10538100000000,"year":2025},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":null,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":5.34008,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":null,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,13988200000000],[2017,14871300000000],[2018,16092400000000],[2019,15809100000000],[2020,15504100000000],[2021,17495300000000],[2022,17023600000000],[2023,18659300000000],[2024,19501100000000],[2025,21243200000000]],"unit":"usd","value":21243200000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":null,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.91998],[2017,2.81811],[2018,2.04642],[2019,1.87525],[2020,-5.57888],[2021,6.37774],[2022,3.56456],[2023,0.438009],[2024,1.08658],[2025,1.53795]],"unit":"pct","value":1.53795,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":null,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,31456.9],[2017,33394.6],[2018,36076.9],[2019,35374.1],[2020,34694.7],[2021,39207],[2022,38066.8],[2023,41566.9],[2024,43313.8],[2025,47089.2]],"unit":"usd","value":47089.2,"year":2025},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,41.5024],[2017,43.2581],[2018,44.5363],[2019,45.139],[2020,42.2211],[2021,45.9109],[2022,53.4329],[2023,48.1095],[2024,46.1095],[2025,45.8155]],"unit":"pct","value":45.8155,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":9732690000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":null,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,182635000000],[2017,194128000000],[2018,215278000000],[2019,217328000000],[2020,237694000000],[2021,262310000000],[2022,258986000000],[2023,305726000000],[2024,368504000000]],"unit":"usd","value":368504000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":null,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.30653],[2017,1.31409],[2018,1.33833],[2019,1.37438],[2020,1.53553],[2021,1.4992],[2022,1.52481],[2023,1.64488],[2024,1.90098]],"unit":"pct","value":1.90098,"year":2024},"population":{"label":"Population","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,444677000],[2017,445321000],[2018,446058000],[2019,446910000],[2020,446871000],[2021,446228000],[2022,447204000],[2023,448898000],[2024,450228000],[2025,451127000]],"unit":"people","value":451127000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":null,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":4.21904,"year":2025}},"name":"European Union","trade":{}},{"iso2":"PL","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Donald Tusk","head_of_state":"Karol Nawrocki"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":34,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":189000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":15,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":368.906,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":11,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":385.931,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":84,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-1.1],[2017,-1.2],[2018,-2],[2019,-0.3],[2020,2.4],[2021,-1.3],[2022,-2.3],[2023,1.5],[2024,0.3],[2025,-0.7],[2026,-1.1]],"unit":"pct","value":-1.1,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":47,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":48.8194,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":36,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":434.307,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":27,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,1089.35],[2015,1103.01],[2016,1150.24],[2017,1208.29],[2018,1222.08],[2019,1187.27],[2020,1139.23],[2021,1224.76],[2022,1186.87],[2023,1132.88],[2024,1125.57]],"unit":"twh","value":1125.57,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":46,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,49.9064],[2017,51.6925],[2018,52.2326],[2019,52.6129],[2020,52.4339],[2021,57.038],[2022,62.3525],[2023,57.8813],[2024,52.1798],[2025,49.9506]],"unit":"pct","value":49.9506,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":19,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":517234000000,"year":2025},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":165,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-2.4],[2017,-1.5],[2018,-0.2],[2019,-0.7],[2020,-6.9],[2021,-1.7],[2022,-3.4],[2023,-5.2],[2024,-6.5],[2025,-7],[2026,-6.7]],"unit":"pct","value":-6.7,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":99,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":2.5827,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":36,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":209.826,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":51,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":35.815,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":21,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,473260000000],[2017,528357000000],[2018,594617000000],[2019,602684000000],[2020,605914000000],[2021,689170000000],[2022,695607000000],[2023,812451000000],[2024,917767000000],[2025,1035490000000]],"unit":"usd","value":1035490000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":87,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3.03118],[2017,5.15246],[2018,6.24586],[2019,4.58046],[2020,-2.03557],[2021,6.92718],[2022,5.25546],[2023,0.249611],[2024,3.02842],[2025,3.57273]],"unit":"pct","value":3.57273,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":45,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,12464],[2017,13913.3],[2018,15658.2],[2019,15874.5],[2020,16150.9],[2021,18635.5],[2022,18891.2],[2023,22145.3],[2024,25103.6],[2025,28419.6]],"unit":"usd","value":28419.6,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":66,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,54.1],[2017,50.4],[2018,48.2],[2019,45.2],[2020,56.6],[2021,53],[2022,48.8],[2023,49.5],[2024,55.1],[2025,58.8],[2026,65.7]],"unit":"pct","value":65.7,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":79,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,46.9595],[2017,48.8734],[2018,50.2099],[2019,48.9681],[2020,46.8252],[2021,53.8363],[2022,60.6688],[2023,52.1437],[2024,48.1796],[2025,47.0796]],"unit":"pct","value":47.0796,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":18,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":487506000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":13,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,9164190000],[2017,9870680000],[2018,12040700000],[2019,11786200000],[2020,13718300000],[2021,15295500000],[2022,15341300000],[2023,26342800000],[2024,38000700000]],"unit":"usd","value":38000700000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":16,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.93589],[2017,1.88829],[2018,2.02473],[2019,1.95338],[2020,2.26305],[2021,2.21716],[2022,2.20459],[2023,3.2698],[2024,4.15439]],"unit":"pct","value":4.15439,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":28,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":393.973,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":72,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":12.561,"year":2016},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":23,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,1.5],[2017,1.5],[2018,1.5],[2019,1.5],[2020,0.1],[2021,1.75],[2022,6.75],[2023,5.75],[2024,5.75],[2025,4],[2026,3.75]],"unit":"pct","value":3.75,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":44,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,37970100],[2017,37974800],[2018,37974800],[2019,37965500],[2020,37515700],[2021,36981600],[2022,36821700],[2023,36687400],[2024,36559200],[2025,36435900]],"unit":"people","value":36435900,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":47,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":5.8693,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":16,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,114329000000],[2017,113267000000],[2018,116957000000],[2019,128392000000],[2020,154219000000],[2021,166030000000],[2022,166664000000],[2023,193783000000],[2024,223115000000],[2025,271805000000]],"unit":"usd","value":271805000000,"year":2025}},"name":"Poland","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":27.9,"value":106697000000},{"iso2":"CZ","name":"Czechia","share":6.3,"value":24085200000},{"iso2":"FR","name":"France","share":6.1,"value":23426200000},{"iso2":"GB","name":"United Kingdom","share":5,"value":18964500000},{"iso2":"IT","name":"Italy","share":4.6,"value":17536500000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":26,"value":99368100000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":12.6,"value":48047700000},{"name":"Metals","share":9.2,"value":35223900000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":8.4,"value":32169300000},{"name":"Foodstuffs","share":7.7,"value":29584900000}],"total":381933000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":19.9,"value":73912500000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":13.9,"value":51523600000},{"iso2":"IT","name":"Italy","share":4.9,"value":18208800000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":4.4,"value":16215500000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":4.1,"value":15052900000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":24.7,"value":91686900000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":11.1,"value":41345900000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":10,"value":37147600000},{"name":"Metals","share":9.6,"value":35760800000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":8.9,"value":33080300000}],"total":371401000000,"year":2023}}}],"as_of":"2026-11-01","trackers":[{"age_days":7,"as_of":"2026-10-25","cadence":"weekly","changes":{"1y":{"from":21,"from_period":"2025-10-25","pct":-23.81},"30d":{"from":12,"from_period":"2026-09-25","pct":33.33},"7d":{"from":14,"from_period":"2026-10-18","pct":14.29}},"freq":"daily","history_days":1857,"history_since":"2021-09-24","id":"chk_bosporus_tanker_transits","internal":false,"name":"Bosporus — daily tanker transits","new":false,"note":"weekly data · latest week to 25 Oct","outside":false,"outside_note":"","percentile_1y":27.1,"percentile_window":{"days":365,"n":365,"value":27.1},"plain":"How many oil and fuel tankers passed through Bosporus on a day. A fall here can tighten oil and gas supply and push prices up.","reasons":[],"source":"IMF PortWatch","source_url":"https://portwatch.imf.org/","spark":[21,27,25,20,27,17,23,18,26,27,27,19,26,22,21,23,14,18,22,21,19,14,23,20,26,26,18,25,22,24,25,25,23,24,26,29,24,22,10,21,26,21,28,18,12,14,13,23,13,16,10,24,16,13,13,10,11,18,9,16],"status":"current","step_key":"7d","step_label":"prior week","unit":"ships/day","unusual":false,"value":16}]},"on_record":[{"about":["Ukraine","United States"],"about_iso2":["UA","US"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_457c677afdd0","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Putin said a just and lasting peace in Ukraine would be possible only if Russia's interests are considered fully and without conditions, reiterating his assessment of root causes of the conflict.","quote":"a just and lasting peace would be possible only if the interests of the Russian Federation are considered in full and without any conditions attached","reported_by":"","role":"President of the Russian Federation","signal":"red_line","significance":"Restates maximalist precondition for any settlement, signaling no concession on core Russian demands.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":-1,"url":"http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/news/81097","venue":"other"},{"about":["Russia","United States","NATO"],"about_iso2":["RU","US"],"affiliation":"Ukraine","date":"2026-10-25","id":"st_3e4da892b97f","iso2":"UA","paraphrase":"At the November trilateral talks, Ukraine will not discuss limits to its armed forces or enforced postwar neutrality.","quote":"","reported_by":"The Guardian","role":"President","signal":"red_line","significance":"Sets explicit Ukrainian red lines for peace talks, rejecting Russian demands for demilitarization and neutrality and preserving NATO aspiration.","speaker":"Volodymyr Zelenskyy","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/2026/oct/26/ukraine-war-briefing-trilateral-us-ukraine-russia-talks-restart-november","venue":"interview"},{"about":["Russia","Ukraine","United States"],"about_iso2":["RU","UA","US"],"affiliation":"Ukraine","date":"2026-10-23","id":"st_bad43a64e175","iso2":"UA","paraphrase":"Rejected proposals to give up 25% of Ukrainian territory as part of a ceasefire deal and firmly rejects territorial concessions.","quote":"","reported_by":"CGTN","role":"President","signal":"red_line","significance":"Draws explicit territorial red line against reported US pressure to concede land for peace.","speaker":"Volodymyr Zelenskyy","stance":-1,"url":"https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-10-25/Zelenskyy-ready-to-freeze-front-lines-rejects-territorial-concessions-1RwkrhJR3a0/p.html","venue":"interview"},{"about":["Ukraine","Russia","NATO"],"about_iso2":["UA","RU"],"affiliation":"Poland","date":"2026-10-20","id":"st_991b77955f85","iso2":"PL","paraphrase":"Poland does not allow operations to be conducted on or over its territory without explicit consent of the Polish state, and this will not change regardless of who is conducting them.","quote":"I want to make it absolutely clear that Poland does not allow operations to be conducted on or over our territory without the explicit consent of the Polish state,","reported_by":"Kyiv Independent","role":"Prime Minister","signal":"red_line","significance":"Establishes a clear red line that NATO airspace cannot be used for Ukrainian (or Russian) operations without permission, relevant to future Ukrainian long-range strikes.","speaker":"Donald Tusk","stance":0,"url":"https://kyivindependent.com/poland-to-demand-explanation-from-ukraine-over-drone-incident-in-lithuania/","venue":"other"},{"about":["Russia","United States"],"about_iso2":["RU","US"],"affiliation":"Ukraine","date":"2026-10-25","id":"st_1e22f26c03b4","iso2":"UA","paraphrase":"Opposes lifting all sanctions against Russia before a meeting among the US, Russian and Ukrainian leaders; sanctions relief should follow an appropriate process and sequence","quote":"","reported_by":"CGTN","role":"President","signal":"red_line","significance":"Kyiv conditions any sanctions relief on sequencing after leaders' summit","speaker":"Volodymyr Zelenskyy","stance":-1,"url":"https://news.cgtn.com/news/2026-10-26/Russia-US-Ukraine-signal-plans-for-trilateral-talks-in-November-1Ry4HHmq1xe/p.html","venue":"other"},{"about":["Ukraine"],"about_iso2":["UA"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_21e29c05519e","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Endorsed targeting Ukraine's civilian population in winter","quote":"In winter you will freeze.","reported_by":"Atlantic Council","role":"Ministry of Defense","signal":"threat","significance":"Cited by UN investigators as evidence of intent to target civilians through energy deprivation","speaker":"Russia's Ministry of Defense","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/un-report-russian-attacks-on-ukraines-power-grid-are-a-crime-against-humanity/","venue":"other"},{"about":["Ukraine"],"about_iso2":["UA"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-22","id":"st_c284e81bc7e2","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Putin boasted that all of Ukraine is Russia's.","quote":"all of Ukraine is ours.","reported_by":"Atlantic Council","role":"President","signal":"threat","significance":"Maximalist claim to all Ukrainian territory signals existential war aim beyond limited territorial gains.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.atlanticcouncil.org/blogs/ukrainealert/ukrainians-are-not-fighting-for-zelenskyy-they-are-fighting-for-survival/","venue":"other"},{"about":["Ukraine","Japan"],"about_iso2":["UA","JP"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-21","id":"st_bf995ab0ed58","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Weapons systems deemed to threaten Russia's national security, along with facilities in Ukraine used to manufacture them, will be considered legitimate targets for the Russian Armed Forces.","quote":"","reported_by":"TASS","role":"Foreign Ministry Spokeswoman","signal":"threat","significance":"Reiterates standing red line that foreign-supplied weapons and Ukrainian production sites are legitimate military targets.","speaker":"Maria Zakharova","stance":-2,"url":"https://tass.com/politics/2205425","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Russia","EU","Europe"],"about_iso2":["RU","EU"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-24","id":"st_661204e18735","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Moscow has repeatedly stated its readiness to hold negotiations with European countries on the security framework on the continent, taking into account the interests of both sides","quote":"","reported_by":"TASS","role":"Russian authorities","signal":"offer","significance":"Reiterates Russian offer to negotiate a continent-wide security framework with Europe on mutual-interest basis.","speaker":"Moscow","stance":1,"url":"https://tass.com/world/2207245","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["EU","NATO","Ukraine"],"about_iso2":["EU","UA"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-27","id":"st_4927854f28a2","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Putin blamed the EU and NATO for confrontational policies and demanded full and unconditional recognition of Russia's legitimate interests.","quote":"full and unconditional recognition of the legitimate interests of the Russian Federation","reported_by":"The Guardian","role":"President","signal":"demand","significance":"Kremlin readout shows maximalist precondition for talks and blames West, indicating no softening after Nordic call.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":-2,"url":"https://www.theguardian.com/world/live/2026/oct/27/russia-ukraine-oleshky-serbia-france-europe-latest-news-updates","venue":"readout"},{"about":["Europe","EU","United States","NATO"],"about_iso2":["EU","US"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-22","id":"st_747a2c2fa2cf","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Defeating Russia on the battlefield is impossible and inflicting a strategic defeat is unrealistic; those seeking to strategically defeat Russia should realize living in friendship with Russia better serves their peoples' interests.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"President of Russia","signal":"warning","significance":"Signals deterrence and dismisses Western strategic-defeat objective as futile.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":-1,"url":"http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/81071","venue":"interview"},{"about":["Russia","NATO","Black Sea"],"about_iso2":["RU"],"affiliation":"NATO","date":"2026-10-20","id":"st_45ce129abde0","iso2":"","paraphrase":"Plans to increase its military presence in the Black Sea by deploying additional maritime patrol aircraft, radar systems, and drones in response to a series of attacks on civilian shipping, following a meeting of the North Atlantic Council in Brussels on Oct. 20 to discuss Black Sea security.","quote":"","reported_by":"Kyiv Independent","role":"North Atlantic Council","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Signals NATO military reinforcement in Black Sea directly linked to Russian strikes on civilian shipping, marking alliance-level response to escalation.","speaker":"NATO","stance":-1,"url":"https://kyivindependent.com/civilian-cargo-ship-sinks-off-coast-of-romania-after-russian-drone-strike-authorities-say/","venue":"other"},{"about":["Ukraine","Europe","United States"],"about_iso2":["UA","US"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-22","id":"st_fea9d3ae94c3","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Western assistance to Ukraine was intended to last until the last Ukrainian, and some countries in Europe and elsewhere want to fight Russia to weaken it, treating Ukrainians as expendable, herded on streets like stray dogs to the front where motivation is low and desertion is massive.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"President of Russia","signal":"accusation","significance":"Accuses West and Kyiv of expendable use of Ukrainian manpower and cites morale/desertion crisis to undermine war effort legitimacy.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":-2,"url":"http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/81071","venue":"interview"},{"about":["NATO","Ukraine","Europe"],"about_iso2":["UA"],"affiliation":"NATO","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_2cf58015195a","iso2":"","paraphrase":"NATO will remain united and continue to show strong solidarity and strong support for Ukraine, which is seen as essential to keeping Europe and European countries safe.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Deputy Secretary General","signal":"commitment","significance":"Reaffirms alliance unity and links Ukraine support directly to European security.","speaker":"Radmila Shekerinska","stance":2,"url":"https://www.nato.int/en/news-and-events/events/transcripts/2026/10/26/statement-by-nato-deputy-secretary-general-radmila-shekerinska","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Ukraine","Russia","Oleshky"],"about_iso2":["UA","RU"],"affiliation":"United States","date":"2026-10-23","id":"st_66e502110dbe","iso2":"US","paraphrase":"","quote":"Residents who wish to evacuate will receive coordinated support and transportation to their preferred destination. I anticipate some will want to go to Russia, and some to Ukraine.","reported_by":"Kyiv Independent","role":"First Lady of the United States","signal":"commitment","significance":"Signals that evacuation under ceasefire will allow choice of destination to either Russia or Ukraine, a politically sensitive term of the deal.","speaker":"Melania Trump","stance":1,"url":"https://kyivindependent.com/ukraine-war-latest-ukraine-russia-agree-to-local-ceasefire-for-russian-occupied-oleshky-mediated-by-melania-trump/","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Europe","EU"],"about_iso2":["EU"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-22","id":"st_9538f5aa40ef","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"European countries have unleashed an all-out campaign against Russia, constantly claiming Russia poses a threat and preparing for war against Russia, which he describes as political schizophrenia.","quote":"They are now constantly talking about Russia posing a threat and launching preparations for war against Russia. I believe that this posture can be described as a form of political schizophrenia.","reported_by":"","role":"President of Russia","signal":"accusation","significance":"Accuses Europe of manufacturing a war threat narrative to justify confrontation with Russia.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":-2,"url":"http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/81071","venue":"interview"}],"outlook":"The Oleshky truce is likely to face a decision point at 23:00 Nov 1; extension is possible but not yet signaled, and any breakdown would likely strand the remaining 1,700-2,000 residents. Reciprocal strikes are likely to continue at a gradual pace: Russia has shown intent to keep hitting energy and rail before winter, and Ukraine has shown it will keep hitting refineries despite US suggestions to pause. Near-term air-defense relief is unlikely given the multi-year timeline for new Patriots unless allies release stockpiled interceptors.","pulses":[{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_ukraine_war_combat_strike_intensity","name":"Combat and Long-Range Strike Intensity","position":91},{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_ukraine_war_energy_heating_collapse","name":"Energy and Heating System Collapse","position":91},{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_ukraine_war_war_economy_dependency_strain","name":"War Economy and External Dependency Strain","position":76}],"saga":"Russia is fighting to keep Ukraine in its sphere of influence and to revise the European security order, while Ukraine is fighting to preserve its sovereignty and territorial integrity with support from European states and the United States. The United States acts as both weapons and technology provider and diplomatic mediator. The contest matters beyond the front line because long-range strikes can hit cities and infrastructure, fighting in the Black Sea can disrupt shipping and energy, and control of satellite communications can decide operations.","since_yesterday":[{"kind":"new","what":"Oleshky evacuees completed the Crimea-Anapa-Gomel-Chernihiv route and arrived in Ukrainian-controlled territory Oct 31; no truce extension beyond 23:00 Nov 1 has been announced."},{"kind":"new","what":"Russian airstrike destroyed Kramatorsk City Council building Oct 31 and Ukrainian drone strike reportedly set Kstovo refinery ablaze overnight Nov 1; Moscow reported 862 drones toward capital Oct 29-30."},{"kind":"new","what":"Kyiv on Oct 31 denied agreeing to pause refinery strikes and Zelensky warned Patriot deliveries from the $2.1bn sale may take years, asking for immediate stockpiled interceptors."},{"kind":"unchanged","what":"No new large missile salvo on Kyiv/Dnipro reported Nov 1 and no formal truce extension; power restoration for 350,000 in Dnipro and allied funding timeline for Patriots remain watched."}],"temperature":{"coverage":"steady coverage","heat":3.11,"prior_share":0.0192,"recent_share":0.0275,"trend":"steady"},"theater_id":"thr_russia_ukraine_war_and_european_security_archite","watch_next":["Whether the Oleshky ceasefire is extended beyond 23:00 Nov 1 and whether additional convoys or aid enter for the remaining 1,700-2,000 residents","Restoration of power for ~350,000 in Dnipro and water/power in Kyiv's four districts, and any next Russian salvo on heating plants and rail","Confirmation of damage and output impact at Kstovo (15-17 million tons) and Novokuibyshevsk refineries after reported drone hits","Any allied commitment to provide stockpiled Patriot interceptors now and Congressional review progress on the 500-missile sale","Formal confirmation and date for Abu Dhabi trilateral talks after Nov 10"]},{"bottom_line":"Hebron's siege held at about 3,000 displaced through Oct 30-31 with homes demolished and converted to military posts, while Gaza saw continued strikes despite the October 2025 ceasefire and south Lebanon saw new shelling and road-building linking Israeli outposts on Oct 31-Nov 1. Settler attacks on olive harvesters continued across the West Bank. Confidence is moderate: displacement, strikes and Lebanon construction are multi-source confirmed, Gaza casualty totals are ministry figures via single outlet.","brief_slug":"2026-10-01-gaza-war-and-unga-diplomatic-fallout","coming_up":[{"confidence":"high","countries":["GB"],"date":"2026-11-05","end_date":"","kind":"central_bank","source":"boe","title":"Bank of England rate decision","url":"https://www.bankofengland.co.uk/monetary-policy/upcoming-mpc-dates"}],"context":[{"source":"https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2026/10/29/a-week-of-israels-lockdown-in-hebron-whats-happened-when-will-it-end","verification":"researched","what":"On 23 Oct 2026 two Palestinian gunmen killed two Israeli soldiers at a checkpoint near Telem west of Hebron; Prime Minister Netanyahu then ordered Hebron closed and a West Bank lockdown with house-to-house raids and demolitions.","when":"2026-10-23","why_relevant":"Trigger for the Hebron operation that has displaced thousands and frames current demolitions and closures."},{"source":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gashc4450.doc.htm","verification":"researched","what":"On 26 Oct 2026 the UN Commission of Inquiry (Chair Srinivasan Muralidhar) told the General Assembly that Israeli authorities/forces have committed war crimes, crimes against humanity including extermination, torture and sexual violence in the West Bank and continue to commit genocide in Gaza despite the ceasefire.","when":"2026-10-26","why_relevant":"Legal-diplomatic backdrop for current warnings about ethnic cleansing and collective punishment in Hebron and for European settlement-goods pressure."},{"source":"https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-yemen-occupied-palestinian-territory-sudan-democratic-republic-congo","verification":"researched","what":"More than 2,000 settler attacks causing casualties or property damage recorded since start of 2026, a record annual total, with surge during olive harvest late September-November.","when":"2026-10-26","why_relevant":"Explains why late-October harvest attacks near Nablus, Hebron and Ramallah are part of a broader 2026 peak, not isolated incidents."}],"developments":[{"actors":["Israel Defense Forces","Lebanese residents"],"detail":"On 31 Oct-1 Nov 2026 Israeli forces shelled towns including Baraachit, Beit Yahoun and the area between Zawtar al-Sharqiya and Maifadoun, struck Mansouri, flew low over Tyre, and built new roads through mountains and valleys connecting military outposts in western (Naqoura, Yarine, Dhayra, Marwahin, Alma al-Shaab) and central (Aita al-Shaab, Maroun al-Ras, Bint Jbeil, Aitaroun) south Lebanon, per MEE and AA citing Lebanon's National News Agency. Construction followed US-sponsored Lebanon-Israel talks in Tampa on 20-21 Oct that ended without breakthrough.","headline":"Israel shells south Lebanon towns and builds roads linking outposts Oct 31-Nov 1","place":{"country":"Lebanon","lat":33.2,"lon":35.4,"name":"Baraachit, south Lebanon"},"significance":"Entrenches Israeli military presence beyond Gaza/West Bank and directly undermines return of displaced Lebanese civilians, widening the spillover the theater tracks.","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/israel-shells-south-lebanon-towns-builds-roads-connecting-military","https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/israeli-army-builds-new-roads-linking-military-posts-in-southern-lebanon/4107704"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-31","where":"south Lebanon"},{"actors":["Israel Defense Forces","Palestinian residents in Gaza"],"detail":"On 30 Oct 2026 Israeli forces wounded at least two Palestinians in an airstrike on a residential apartment in Sheikh Radwan north of Gaza City, demolished houses east of Al-Masdar in central Gaza with artillery, and opened heavy fire toward displaced tents in Qizan al-Najjar and Jorat al-Lut south of Khan Younis. Separately IDF and Shin Bet said they killed Hamas squad commander Ihab Jamil Abu Taqiya (and platoon commander Ibrahim Gihad Muhammad Abu Oshaiba) in an airstrike in Nuseirat on 30 Oct, saying they had held hostages including Noa Argamani and were advancing attacks in violation of the ceasefire in effect since Oct 2025.","headline":"Gaza strikes wound and displace despite ceasefire as IDF claims killing of Hamas commander Oct 30","place":{"country":"Palestine","lat":31.53,"lon":34.45,"name":"Gaza City"},"significance":"Shows ceasefire remains nominal with continued lethal operations and civilian exposure in shelters and homes.","sources":["https://www.aa.com.tr/en/middle-east/2-palestinians-wounded-as-israeli-attacks-continue-in-gaza-despite-ceasefire/4105670","https://www.jpost.com/israel-news/defense-news/article-913354"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-30","where":"Gaza Strip"},{"actors":["Israeli settlers","Israel Defense Forces","Palestinian residents in West Bank"],"detail":"On 30 Oct (eighth day of Hebron siege) settlers attacked a family harvesting olives in Tel Rumeida near Hebron injuring five, attacked pickers in Beita south of Nablus, damaged trees in Burqa east of Ramallah, and began building a new outpost on land between Ni'lin and Qibya west of Ramallah. On 31 Oct settlers and forces injured at least four more across the West Bank: severe beatings north of Kafr al-Dik and in Sarra, injuries in Wadi al-Shaer, an attack on a family in al-Khader, and stonings between al-Mughayyir and Abu Falah. As of 29-30 Oct about 3,000 Palestinians remained displaced from al-Jalda and Deir Bahha, most with relatives, with homes converted to military posts, tear gas fired at returnees, and 66 schools shuttered affecting 2,872 students (OCHA reports 11 schools/4,700 students in/around affected area plus 700 schools/250,000 students shifted to remote learning). On 30 Oct forces also demolished the homes of the two gunmen who killed two soldiers on 23 Oct.","headline":"Harvest attacks and new outpost building continue as Hebron siege keeps ~3,000 displaced Oct 30-31","place":{"country":"Palestine","lat":31.53,"lon":35.09,"name":"Hebron"},"significance":"Harvest-season settler violence persists alongside a static mass displacement with major education and economic disruption — Hebron accounts for ~40% of Palestinian industrial output and 30% of exports.","sources":["https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/israeli-settlers-attack-olive-harvesters-build-new-outpost-hebron-siege","https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/settlers-and-israeli-forces-injure-four-palestinians-west-bank-attacks","https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-ukraine-occupied-palestinian-territory-democratic-republic-congo-haiti","https://www.straitstimes.com/world/middle-east/israel-demolishes-gunmens-homes-in-west-bank-operation-that-has-displaced-thousands","https://www.aljazeera.com/economy/2026/10/25/why-israels-latest-assault-on-hebron-is-so-significant-for-the-west-bank"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-30","where":"Hebron and West Bank"}],"edition":1,"escalation":{"direction":"rising","pace":"gradual"},"headline":"Israel entrenches in south Lebanon as Hebron siege keeps 3,000 displaced and Gaza strikes continue despite ceasefire","key_figures":[{"as_of":"2026-10-29","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"Palestinians still displaced from two Hebron neighbourhoods","source":"https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-ukraine-occupied-palestinian-territory-democratic-republic-congo-haiti","unit":"people","value":3000},{"as_of":"2026-10-31","baseline":7,"baseline_label":"on 2026-10-24","label":"Satellite heat hotspots per day near Gaza/Lebanon border","source":"https://firms.modaps.eosdis.nasa.gov/map/","unit":"hotspots","value":0},{"as_of":"2026-10-26","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"Settler attacks causing casualties or property damage since start of 2026","source":"https://www.unocha.org/news/todays-top-news-yemen-occupied-palestinian-territory-sudan-democratic-republic-congo","unit":"attacks","value":2000},{"as_of":"2026-10-29","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"Students affected by 66 shuttered Hebron schools","source":"https://www.middleeasteye.net/live-blog/live-blog-update/west-bank-14-palestinians-arrested-two-wounded-settler-attacks-and-homes","unit":"students","value":2872}],"live_rollup":{"abnormal":[{"confidence":0.497,"direction":"above","id":"ship.other:c45569:2026-10-26T16","learning":true,"ongoing":true,"sentence":"near 36°N 30°E (Turkey): other ships 2.7x normal for 5 d 14 h (and 1 nearby cell)","series":"ship.other","since":"2026-10-26T15:00:00+00:00"},{"confidence":0.474,"direction":"above","id":"ship.passenger:c45569:2026-10-26T13","learning":true,"ongoing":true,"sentence":"near 36°N 30°E (Turkey): passenger ships 2.4x normal for 5 d 17 h","series":"ship.passenger","since":"2026-10-26T13:00:00+00:00"}],"countries":["Israel","Lebanon"],"day":"2026-11-01","normal":["Eastern Mediterranean","Gaza and Lebanon border"],"provenance":"ohmega_derived"},"map":{"annotations":[{"kind":"chokepoint","lat":30.46,"lines":["46 ships/day · 47 a year ago","as of 25 Oct"],"lon":32.35,"series_id":"chk_suez_transits","source":"IMF PortWatch","title":"Suez Canal","x":336.9,"y":592.9}],"bbox":[27.032,26.365,42.818,38.365],"cities":[{"capital":true,"name":"Beirut","x":536.9,"y":336.8},{"capital":true,"name":"Cairo","x":267.1,"y":623.5},{"capital":true,"name":"Damascus","x":587,"y":364.7},{"capital":true,"name":"Amman","x":563.8,"y":481},{"capital":true,"name":"Jerusalem","x":517.8,"y":494},{"capital":true,"name":"Nicosia","x":401.3,"y":239.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Alexandria","x":184.7,"y":537.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Aleppo","x":642.1,"y":160},{"capital":false,"name":"Adana","x":524.9,"y":102.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Gaziantep","x":655.7,"y":96.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Haifa","x":503.4,"y":415.7},{"capital":false,"name":"Homs","x":613.6,"y":272.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Konya","x":344.7,"y":36.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Antalya","x":232.2,"y":110.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Ismaïlia","x":331.2,"y":583.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Diyarbakır","x":836.1,"y":33.3},{"capital":false,"name":"El Mansura","x":275.4,"y":548.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Sohag","x":295.7,"y":886.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Tabuk","x":603.3,"y":748.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Latakia","x":554.2,"y":211.9},{"capital":false,"name":"El Minya","x":235.5,"y":770.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Beni Suef","x":257.1,"y":696.3},{"capital":false,"name":"Şanlıurfa","x":745.2,"y":89.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Asyut","x":262.8,"y":838.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Hail","x":929.2,"y":813.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Denizli","x":129.7,"y":44.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Dayr az Zawr","x":829.7,"y":227.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Batman","x":893.7,"y":35.6}],"countries":[{"d":"M1000 0L1000 75.8L997.3 74.5L995.1 75.2L988.5 83.7L977.1 92.7L970.9 94.2L968 85.2L965.2 81.6L961 80.1L958.8 80.7L952 86.9L941 90.6L917.5 95.7L901.6 97.2L882.2 94.2L866.2 95L850 101.7L822.5 115.4L801.6 122L780.7 126.3L743.4 125.4L738.4 123.7L722.9 112.7L714.2 110.4L706.9 109.8L659.1 129.1L635.6 128.4L630.5 124.7L627.8 120.5L609.8 117.2L607.9 119L605.9 124.8L602.2 143.1L608.7 157.6L608.4 159.8L598.3 160.8L591.9 164.5L590.1 177.1L583.9 179.4L580.9 182.1L577.8 189.8L576.2 190L566 184.1L561.3 183.6L565.4 177.5L556.1 154.1L560.7 146.9L580 128L579.5 116.8L571.2 109.1L562.1 113.8L555.5 119L551.3 120.1L546.6 123.1L544.4 128.4L538.8 132.6L529.7 134.2L515.9 129.8L501.2 122.9L492.8 117.4L486 116.1L479.5 118.5L460.4 132.1L442.9 151.8L438.5 155.2L422.1 163.7L411.2 166.6L406 165.9L384.4 169.7L373.6 170.2L365.1 174.7L348.5 169.8L338.6 163.6L332.7 157.3L323 143.7L316.1 137.2L300.6 131.4L273.7 117.3L248.2 113.7L228.8 112.4L224.9 117.6L223.4 137.9L220.1 143.5L218.6 154.1L216.3 157.1L212.5 159.1L202.7 154.3L193.3 158.7L174.7 164.8L168.3 165.6L146.7 158L138.8 153L133.7 147.6L132 138.4L128.8 133.1L127.1 125.4L122.7 123.7L118.1 126.9L113.1 126.7L106.8 124.8L91.9 117.1L80.5 116.5L73.7 125.9L68.4 128.9L62.5 129.8L62.2 127.1L66.6 121L48.9 122.1L39.5 126.8L32.2 126.1L26.7 124L27.5 121.4L37.9 118.4L57.2 116.7L61.6 115L66.6 108.4L75.5 102.6L76.7 100.2L40.3 101.8L20.1 100.9L17.7 103.7L14.6 104.1L13.8 96.4L17 92.9L21.3 93.2L31.9 90.1L30.9 83.7L23.3 79.4L21.8 76.8L16.3 76.2L11.8 73.2L10.9 65.5L7.3 57.1L2.3 53L2.9 50.8L12.2 48L14.1 36.2L12.7 29L8 28.4L0 25L0 0Z","name":"Turkey"},{"d":"M561.3 183.6L566 184.1L576.2 190L577.8 189.8L580.9 182.1L583.9 179.4L590.1 177.1L591.9 164.5L598.3 160.8L608.4 159.8L608.7 157.6L602.2 143.1L605.9 124.8L607.9 119L609.8 117.2L627.8 120.5L630.5 124.7L635.6 128.4L659.1 129.1L706.9 109.8L714.2 110.4L722.9 112.7L738.4 123.7L743.4 125.4L780.7 126.3L801.6 122L822.5 115.4L850 101.7L866.2 95L882.2 94.2L901.6 97.2L917.5 95.7L941 90.6L952 86.9L958.8 80.7L961 80.1L965.2 81.6L968 85.2L970.9 94.2L970.4 97.8L953.5 115.4L934.8 132.6L911.2 138.8L907.3 142.5L903.6 148.6L901.4 156.9L900.4 171.9L907.2 191.6L907.3 204.3L900.6 220.3L898.6 230.8L897.2 269.7L884 295.2L880.7 298.4L865.2 302.5L743.8 374.5L619.9 453.6L591.7 448.4L582 440.2L571.9 437.3L565.3 427.4L561.4 423.8L554.6 422.3L557.5 415.9L558.1 411.7L561 406.5L559.2 403.2L558.3 396L556.5 392.4L557.5 390.1L554.5 380.5L555 377.3L558 371.2L562.7 367.5L563.4 364.9L569.5 360.2L570.3 358.5L566.3 355.6L564.5 352.3L566.1 347.4L573.9 340L580.7 339.4L590.2 340.3L591.2 339.4L591.1 338.2L586 335.3L585.7 333L590.6 326.5L597.1 323.1L602 317.3L605.2 310.8L600.1 294.9L597 292.4L589 289.9L588.8 288.9L595.5 281.4L592.4 278L586.9 276.5L584.8 279.9L566.6 280.2L561.7 263.5L561 256.2L561.1 247.9L564.5 235.6L561.9 220.8L553.2 209.5L557.9 188.7Z","name":"Syria"},{"d":"M1000 900L591.9 900L583.9 882.8L574 869.9L570.1 861.3L558.7 847.1L553.1 833L541.6 819.9L531.6 797.3L516.2 774.8L509.7 770.8L487.1 767.6L481 772.5L480.4 766.2L484.7 757.6L490.8 739.3L492 723.3L501.6 675.9L569.1 688.1L572.4 687.3L598.3 665.2L612.7 640L615.9 637.4L661.2 627.7L662.5 626.5L672.6 602.6L693.5 589.9L661.8 551.8L628.8 515.5L755.8 477.8L758 476.8L767.4 468L844.9 482L952.9 546.3L1000 588Z","name":"Saudi Arabia"},{"d":"M566.6 280.2L584.8 279.9L586.9 276.5L592.4 278L595.5 281.4L588.8 288.9L589 289.9L597 292.4L600.1 294.9L605.2 310.8L602 317.3L597.1 323.1L590.6 326.5L585.7 333L586 335.3L591.1 338.2L591.2 339.4L590.2 340.3L580.7 339.4L573.9 340L569.3 343.6L566.1 347.4L564.5 352.3L566.3 355.6L569.8 357.5L569.5 360.2L566 362.3L563.4 364.9L562.7 367.5L554.6 374.6L544.5 381.7L542.9 384.3L541.4 382L538.5 383.6L536 393.4L530.8 396.7L518.9 395.5L511.6 396.1L517.6 383L520.7 372.9L526 364.6L537.1 336.4L543.5 325L545.8 308.8L555.7 294.6L563.1 290.4L566.7 286.3Z","name":"Lebanon"},{"d":"M554.6 422.3L561.4 423.8L565.3 427.4L571.9 437.3L582 440.2L591.7 448.4L619.9 453.6L743.8 374.5L761.8 440.4L757 441.9L760.8 454.5L773.8 451.1L776.7 459.1L758 476.8L755.8 477.8L628.8 515.5L661.8 551.8L693.5 589.9L672.6 602.6L662.5 626.5L661.2 627.7L615.9 637.4L612.7 640L598.3 665.2L572.4 687.3L569.1 688.1L501.6 675.9L503.6 666L503.1 660.7L509.1 629L513.7 616.7L513.7 595.8L532.6 542.4L530.1 535.1L534.2 510.2L536.4 501.9L540.2 495L538.4 478.5L538.6 469.6L541 459.5L539.7 447.7L541 429.3L543.5 426.2L551.3 422.7Z","name":"Jordan"},{"d":"M558 371.2L555 377.3L554.5 380.5L556 386.7L557.1 387.7L557.5 390.1L556.5 392.4L558.3 396L559.2 403.2L561 406.5L558.1 411.7L557.5 415.9L554.6 422.3L551.3 422.7L543.5 426.2L541 429.3L539.7 447.7L535.4 447.3L530.3 443.6L529.2 440.4L527.7 439.3L517 437.3L508.9 442.8L502 465.3L504.1 483.9L503.4 487.4L501.8 489.3L502.3 490.6L503.7 491.1L508.1 489.5L512.8 491.1L517.3 494.2L517.7 496.1L506.9 501.9L501.6 507.2L496.7 522.6L497.2 524.8L498.9 526L511.2 524.9L530.6 516.2L533.3 516.4L530.1 535.1L532.6 542.4L513.7 595.8L513.7 616.7L509.1 629L503.1 660.7L498.7 666.6L483.1 613L475 593.9L472.4 582.7L456.9 536.8L463.5 530.4L463.6 525.2L474.7 513L471.6 508.5L484.4 485.2L492.3 462.6L499.8 431.3L509.6 404.8L511.6 396.1L518.9 395.5L530.8 396.7L536 393.4L538.5 383.6L541.4 382L542.9 384.3L544.5 381.7L551.3 377.4Z","name":"Israel"},{"d":"M471.6 508.5L474.7 513L463.6 525.2L463.5 530.4L456.9 536.8L454 528.2L465.9 516.1ZM539.7 447.7L541 459.5L538.6 469.6L538.4 478.5L540.2 495L536.4 501.9L533.3 516.4L530.6 516.2L511.2 524.9L498.9 526L497.2 524.8L496.7 522.6L501.6 507.2L506.9 501.9L517.7 496.1L517.3 494.2L512.8 491.1L508.1 489.5L503.7 491.1L501.8 489.3L503.4 487.4L504.1 483.9L502 465.3L508.9 442.8L517 437.3L527.7 439.3L529.2 440.4L530.3 443.6L535.4 447.3Z","name":"Palestine"},{"d":"M970.9 94.2L977.1 92.7L988.5 83.7L995.1 75.2L997.3 74.5L1000 75.8L1000 588L952.9 546.3L851.8 485.4L844.9 482L767.4 468L776.7 459.1L773.8 451.1L760.8 454.5L757 441.9L761.8 440.4L743.8 374.5L865.2 302.5L880.7 298.4L884 295.2L897.2 269.7L898.6 230.8L900.6 220.3L907.3 204.3L907.2 191.6L900.4 171.9L901.4 156.9L903.6 148.6L907.3 142.5L911.2 138.8L934.8 132.6L953.5 115.4L970.4 97.8Z","name":"Iraq"},{"d":"M52.4 135.8L51.1 137L47.9 133.6L47.7 131.8L52.6 129.3ZM9.1 217.5L6.7 221.7L4.2 218.1L5.3 214L2.4 207.5L7.8 197.9L8 193.2L12.1 190.8L11.1 198.8L7.9 205.2L11.2 210.5L12.8 216.5ZM0 115.7L11.6 110L14.8 109.5L20.3 112.2L10.2 116.7L7.5 119.1L0 119.6ZM0 44.5L1.4 49.2L0 49.4ZM51.3 182.7L45.2 184L43.3 180.6L45.9 172.2L43.3 164.5L47 161.3L49.6 156.6L55.9 151.5L76 144.9L75.9 149.6L70.4 161.6L65.6 167.6L66.9 172.5L59.1 173.8Z","name":"Greece"},{"d":"M0 900L0 520.9L13.7 524L32.2 536.4L37.2 538L50.5 537.7L59.3 545.1L93.9 548.6L112.4 556.7L122.9 563.1L129.2 565.1L134.8 564.8L142.3 562.4L151.8 557.8L162.1 551.5L183.6 535.3L191.1 532.5L202.1 533L213 518.1L224.2 516.9L246.5 509.9L244 513.2L223.7 521.1L232.4 522.1L251.5 517.7L253.3 514.3L254.6 508L256.6 507.1L263.6 508.3L284.6 518L289.8 518.2L307.7 511.8L312.4 514.7L323.3 526.8L319.5 526.5L307.9 516.2L306.8 521.3L300.2 530.4L308.5 534.4L315.2 535.8L321.2 545.4L327.8 543.4L332.6 537.3L328.4 530.3L330.6 530.3L335.2 533.2L348.5 544.8L352.9 547.2L358.1 546.8L368.8 543.5L371.8 544.1L386.3 539.8L390.4 546L402 542.6L420.3 542.6L435.2 538.8L454 528.2L472.4 582.7L475 593.9L483.1 613L498.7 666.6L495.2 670L488.1 682.1L480.5 720.5L469.7 750.6L468.5 769.4L466.7 776.2L455.3 795.1L444.3 790.2L426.2 773.8L415.7 758.2L404.4 748.1L393.7 734.8L390.8 725.2L391 719L386.3 704L382.9 696.9L369.9 680.9L366.1 672.4L360.4 663.2L355.7 642.5L350.5 629.3L344.7 633L345.7 638.5L340.6 646.2L337.5 655.1L339.9 662.3L350.5 673.4L352.7 678.2L355.1 688.7L354.7 703L356.4 707.8L364.4 718.4L371.6 735L379.5 744.2L390.9 761.8L401.6 773.6L409.4 779.3L412.7 785L412.9 806.8L422.2 826.8L428.8 832.3L431.9 838.5L434.6 848.7L438.8 878.7L444.5 886.1L450.8 900Z","name":"Egypt"},{"d":"M441.7 247.5L439.2 248.1L432.9 245.4L428.2 248.8L420.8 251L411.4 249.5L408.2 252.3L407.4 252L406.9 244.8L402.4 240.2L393.8 240.6L390.2 239.4L373 245.8L364.4 243.7L360.3 241.5L359.9 239.5L363.6 240.4L370.4 238.8L373.4 231.5L374.4 223.1L397.6 226.8L407.1 227.2L416.5 225.8L445.4 216.8L453.6 211.4L467.4 205.2L476.6 202.7L470.7 207.9L437.7 230.5L435.6 237.2L437 241.8Z","name":"N. Cyprus"},{"d":"M359.9 239.5L360.3 241.5L364.4 243.7L373 245.8L390.2 239.4L393.8 240.6L402.4 240.2L406.9 244.8L407.4 252L408.2 252.3L411.4 249.5L420.8 251L428.2 248.8L432.9 245.4L439.2 248.1L441.7 247.5L444.6 253.2L437.4 254.5L422.4 254.6L410.6 266.9L404.3 271.1L396.8 273.5L385.4 275.2L382 276.8L379.6 279.6L378.6 284.7L374.4 284.2L372.6 279.7L369.6 277.8L358.6 278.7L343.1 272.7L334.8 255.9L333.8 246.2L339.5 248.6L344.8 245.6L349.9 240.7L356 238.7Z","name":"Cyprus"}],"credit":"Base map: Natural Earth (public domain). Locations: Ohmega, from today's developments; approximate. Disputed areas: Natural Earth (public domain). Shipping data: IMF PortWatch.","disputed":[{"claimants":[],"d":"M503.9 479.8L505.2 475.8L502.1 463.4L505.2 459L505.3 457.3L504.1 456.5L504.5 453.1L506.1 451.5L508.8 442.6L518 436.7L521.9 439.1L527.8 439.1L529.6 440.3L530.5 446.3L540.3 448.5L541 458.5L540.2 459.6L541 459.6L538.7 469.1L539.3 470.9L537.9 473L539.3 481.5L538 483.4L540.2 495L538.2 497.2L535.2 504.3L533.8 515.5L529.5 515.8L518.9 523.8L515.2 525.2L507.3 525.1L500.2 526.5L497.1 525.2L496.3 522.6L500.1 515.3L500.8 508.7L503.1 505.1L512.7 497.4L519.8 499.2L521.4 496.2L521.5 490.4L519.5 489.2L518.8 486.4L517.8 486.6L518.4 490.9L516.4 490.5L516.5 491.7L511.9 490.6L509.6 488.3L505.6 490.2L503.3 489.9L506.9 487.8L507.2 484.2Z","name":"West Bank","note":"Part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory, held by Israel since 1967 (ICJ advisory opinion of 19 July 2024).","r":17.3,"rings":[[[[34.987,31.967],[35.007,32.021],[34.958,32.186],[35.008,32.244],[35.009,32.268],[34.99,32.278],[34.997,32.323],[35.022,32.345],[35.064,32.463],[35.209,32.543],[35.27,32.51],[35.363,32.51],[35.393,32.494],[35.407,32.415],[35.561,32.385],[35.573,32.252],[35.559,32.238],[35.573,32.238],[35.535,32.111],[35.545,32.087],[35.523,32.058],[35.546,31.945],[35.525,31.919],[35.559,31.765],[35.48,31.641],[35.459,31.492],[35.39,31.487],[35.223,31.381],[35.165,31.362],[34.927,31.345],[34.879,31.363],[34.867,31.396],[34.927,31.494],[34.937,31.582],[34.974,31.63],[35.126,31.733],[35.238,31.709],[35.263,31.749],[35.265,31.826],[35.233,31.843],[35.222,31.879],[35.205,31.877],[35.216,31.82],[35.184,31.825],[35.186,31.809],[35.112,31.824],[35.076,31.854],[35.013,31.829],[34.977,31.833],[35.034,31.861],[35.039,31.909]]]],"source":"https://www.icj-cij.org/case/186","status":"occupied","x":521.9,"y":463.9},{"claimants":["Cyprus"],"d":"M442.2 247.6L435.9 247.4L436.4 246.3L433.6 243.5L433 247.4L431.4 248.1L430.3 247.4L426.6 250L424.9 248.8L422.9 250.2L423.3 247.4L421.1 248.2L420.6 250.1L417 248.9L414.7 249.7L412.3 246.9L412 248.1L409.3 248.1L408.3 252.2L407.6 251.3L408.3 245.3L404.3 237.4L401.8 239.3L398 240.2L390.1 238.1L388 238.5L385.7 240.3L384.1 239.6L380 241.2L374.7 244.7L370.2 244.9L368.9 246.4L365.1 242.9L361 241.6L359.7 239.2L361.9 239L367.2 241.2L371.2 239.2L373.9 232.1L373 222.5L382.5 225.5L386.9 225.2L405.1 227.7L419.9 225.4L427.7 221.1L430.9 221.6L443.7 217L449.7 214L452.9 210.8L461.7 208.4L478.9 200.5L477.7 204.1L450.1 221.2L445.1 228.1L438.3 229L435.8 232.9L435.1 240Z","name":"Northern Cyprus","note":"Territory of the Republic of Cyprus (recognised by the UN) run by Turkish Cypriot authorities since 1974, backed by Turkish forces. Only Turkey recognises the self-declared state (UN Security Council Res. 541).","r":10.7,"rings":[[[[34.012,35.064],[33.913,35.066],[33.921,35.081],[33.876,35.119],[33.867,35.067],[33.824,35.067],[33.766,35.032],[33.74,35.047],[33.708,35.029],[33.715,35.067],[33.679,35.056],[33.671,35.031],[33.614,35.046],[33.579,35.035],[33.541,35.073],[33.535,35.057],[33.494,35.057],[33.477,35.003],[33.466,35.014],[33.477,35.095],[33.414,35.199],[33.315,35.162],[33.157,35.185],[33.12,35.16],[33.096,35.17],[33.031,35.149],[32.947,35.103],[32.877,35.1],[32.855,35.079],[32.795,35.127],[32.732,35.143],[32.711,35.175],[32.828,35.149],[32.893,35.175],[32.935,35.271],[32.92,35.398],[33.07,35.359],[33.428,35.329],[33.66,35.359],[33.784,35.417],[33.835,35.41],[34.036,35.471],[34.131,35.511],[34.182,35.554],[34.32,35.586],[34.593,35.692],[34.573,35.644],[34.138,35.415],[34.059,35.324],[33.952,35.312],[33.912,35.26],[33.9,35.164]]],[[[32.641,35.187],[32.626,35.165],[32.603,35.174]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/S/RES/541(1983)","status":"self-administered","x":419.3,"y":237.4},{"claimants":["Syria"],"d":"M556.8 371.9L556.1 375.4L553.1 377.3L555.6 378.9L553.4 381.9L555.7 383.7L555.9 387.2L557.3 388.1L556.2 394L558.5 395L559.2 403.1L561 406.5L558.6 410.2L557.6 415.3L552.7 421.5L545 426.4L543.5 426.3L542.4 424.3L545.4 419.5L545.4 412.5L542.9 409.2L544 403.6L542 401L544.9 398.5L547.3 391.1L547 383.9L543.1 384L544 382.2L546.2 382.7L549.9 379.4L550.1 377.9L553.5 376.7Z","name":"Golan Heights","note":"Syrian territory held by Israel since 1967; Israel applied its law there in 1981, which the UN Security Council declared null and void (Res. 497).","r":7.8,"rings":[[[[35.821,33.407],[35.81,33.36],[35.764,33.334],[35.802,33.312],[35.769,33.273],[35.804,33.248],[35.808,33.202],[35.83,33.19],[35.811,33.112],[35.849,33.099],[35.859,32.99],[35.888,32.945],[35.85,32.896],[35.834,32.828],[35.758,32.744],[35.636,32.679],[35.612,32.682],[35.595,32.707],[35.641,32.772],[35.641,32.865],[35.602,32.909],[35.62,32.984],[35.588,33.018],[35.634,33.052],[35.672,33.15],[35.666,33.247],[35.605,33.244],[35.62,33.27],[35.654,33.262],[35.712,33.307],[35.716,33.327],[35.769,33.343]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/S/RES/497(1981)","status":"occupied","x":551.5,"y":406},{"claimants":[],"d":"M471.9 508.6L476.6 511.9L464.7 522.9L463.3 525.5L463.6 530.7L457.1 536.5L454.1 528.8L463.5 519.6Z","name":"Gaza Strip","note":"Part of the Occupied Palestinian Territory (UN General Assembly; ICJ advisory opinion of 19 July 2024). Israel withdrew its settlements and troops in 2005; Israeli forces have operated in the Strip since October 2023. The outline is the territory, not who holds which part today.","r":3.9,"rings":[[[[34.481,31.583],[34.556,31.54],[34.367,31.393],[34.346,31.358],[34.351,31.289],[34.248,31.211],[34.2,31.314],[34.348,31.438]]]],"source":"https://www.icj-cij.org/case/186","status":"occupied","x":458.9,"y":529.5},{"claimants":["Palestine"],"d":"M516.5 491.7L516.4 490.5L518.4 490.9L518.2 486.3L519.5 489.2L521.5 490.4L521.4 496.2L520.1 499.1L514.2 497.1L518 496.3L518.9 497.3L520.2 496L518.9 492.3Z","name":"East Jerusalem","note":"Held by Israel since 1967 and annexed by it in 1980; the UN Security Council declared the annexation null and void (Res. 478).","r":1.3,"rings":[[[[35.186,31.809],[35.184,31.825],[35.216,31.82],[35.212,31.881],[35.233,31.843],[35.265,31.826],[35.263,31.749],[35.242,31.711],[35.149,31.737],[35.209,31.747],[35.223,31.735],[35.243,31.751],[35.224,31.801]]]],"source":"https://undocs.org/S/RES/478(1980)","status":"occupied","x":519.7,"y":491.1},{"claimants":["Saudi Arabia"],"d":"M478.5 780.7L480.7 783.3L474.2 782.6L472.4 777.7L474.2 776.1L475.9 777.7L473.5 778.4L473.8 779.8L477.5 779.3Z","name":"Tiran and Sanafir Is.","note":"Administered by Egypt; claimed by Saudi Arabia","r":1.7,"rings":[[[[34.585,27.955],[34.62,27.92],[34.518,27.93],[34.49,27.996],[34.517,28.017],[34.544,27.996],[34.507,27.986],[34.512,27.967],[34.571,27.974]]],[[[34.732,27.957],[34.732,27.919],[34.705,27.908],[34.662,27.93],[34.682,27.959]]]],"source":"","status":"administered","x":476.7,"y":781.1},{"claimants":["Palestine"],"d":"M503.9 479.8L507.2 484.2L506.9 487.8L503.3 489.9L505.6 490.2L509.6 488.3L511.9 490.6L509 489.2L506.5 491.1L503.1 491.1L502.4 490.2L502.7 487.6L506.3 487.2L506 483.6L504.6 482.8Z","name":"No Man's Land (Fort Latrun)","note":"Administered by Israel; claimed by Palestine","r":1,"rings":[[[[34.987,31.967],[35.039,31.909],[35.034,31.861],[34.977,31.833],[35.013,31.829],[35.076,31.854],[35.112,31.824],[35.068,31.842],[35.028,31.818],[34.962,31.829],[34.967,31.864],[35.025,31.869],[35.02,31.917],[34.997,31.928]]]],"source":"","status":"administered","x":503.7,"y":488.5}],"height":900,"labels":[{"key":false,"name":"Turkey","r":81.4,"x":392.9,"y":81.4},{"key":false,"name":"Syria","r":122.6,"x":717.3,"y":247.6},{"key":false,"name":"Saudi Arabia","r":176.3,"x":823.7,"y":714.9},{"key":true,"name":"Lebanon","r":23.2,"x":571.8,"y":313},{"key":false,"name":"Jordan","r":65.1,"x":594.3,"y":576.1},{"key":false,"name":"Israel","r":29.1,"x":494.1,"y":555.8},{"key":true,"name":"Palestine","r":18.1,"x":520.4,"y":467.4},{"key":false,"name":"Iraq","r":97.4,"x":899.3,"y":395.4},{"key":false,"name":"Greece","r":9.6,"x":56.6,"y":163.7},{"key":false,"name":"Egypt","r":168.4,"x":178.1,"y":731.6},{"key":false,"name":"N. Cyprus","r":12.4,"x":420.3,"y":238.2},{"key":false,"name":"Cyprus","r":17.3,"x":357.5,"y":259.7}],"lakes":[{"d":"M541.8 498.1L539.3 525.4L537.8 527.8L531.5 528L530.3 526.3L530.2 515.4L531.4 506L534.1 499.1L537.8 495.7L540.2 495Z"},{"d":"M537.8 539.1L536.3 544.5L531.1 544.5L528.6 539L528.9 536.2L530.1 535.1L533 535Z"},{"d":"M544.8 418.8L541.3 423.4L539.7 421.2L538.6 417.1L538.9 413.2L540.5 410.5L542.7 409.9L544.2 411.5Z"}],"locator":{"d":"M117 62L114 60L118 59ZM117 59L113 60L112 57L113 56L117 57L116 55L117 55L119 56ZM129 41L124 43L124 42L124 40L127 40ZM160 38L159 39L161 43L158 45L160 42L157 38ZM67 45L64 50L63 47L59 45L61 43ZM139 27L141 27L139 27L137 29L133 26L131 27L131 25L136 26L138 27ZM70 69L68 69L68 67ZM28 19L25 17L19 16L16 17L17 16L9 20L13 17L10 17L10 16L8 16L11 14L7 14L11 13L7 12L13 10L22 11L22 16ZM58 25L62 24L63 25L59 27L58 29L58 28L57 29L58 30L55 33L55 36L54 33L51 33L47 33L46 36L41 32L33 31L31 28L31 23L51 23L54 25L54 27ZM99 21L97 21L98 20L97 19L97 17L101 21ZM131 36L131 37L129 37ZM121 24L116 25L116 23L112 23L114 21L119 21L122 22ZM119 51L116 51L117 48L119 48ZM131 27L133 26L137 29L135 30L132 29L130 29L129 28L130 27L129 27ZM123 27L125 28L125 29L116 30L115 29L116 27ZM106 32L105 33L105 29L106 29ZM156 39L159 41L157 43L156 43L156 47L155 45L155 43L154 40ZM118 55L116 54L117 51L122 53L122 56L119 56ZM138 29L139 27L138 28L142 29ZM120 30L124 29L120 32ZM106 17L109 12L113 12L113 13L110 15L111 17L109 19L107 19ZM119 48L116 48L113 45L118 43ZM119 45L118 43L117 45L113 45L112 43L114 38L120 38L121 40ZM99 26L102 27L99 30L96 29L97 27L95 26ZM116 62L118 65L117 67L114 69L110 69L109 66L111 66L111 64L112 65ZM123 51L123 48L128 43ZM127 44L127 46L124 44ZM93 42L93 43L91 43L92 43L90 42L92 41ZM129 39L124 41L119 34L122 32L127 34L131 38ZM0 12L6 13L0 14ZM173 26L175 23L173 23L169 20L165 22L155 21L154 22L149 23L144 22L143 20L138 19L134 20L134 22L126 22L127 24L126 25L126 27L120 25L122 22L118 21L117 19L115 18L117 17L115 16L118 15L116 12L123 12L118 13L121 15L125 13L124 12L126 13L134 11L138 12L137 11L140 9L141 12L138 13L140 13L142 12L144 12L141 12L142 10L146 11L145 9L158 7L163 8L158 10L169 9L173 11L178 10L188 11L189 12L199 11L200 14L197 14L200 15L191 17L191 19L187 22L187 19L192 15L178 18L175 20L179 20L178 23ZM131 9L132 11L129 10ZM179 20L180 23L179 24ZM116 25L116 26L113 26L111 24L115 23ZM95 27L97 27L96 29ZM113 21L113 23L111 23L108 22L108 20L113 20ZM167 40L169 43L167 42ZM170 45L170 47L168 46ZM61 52L59 54L62 57L61 60L58 58L55 53L56 53L58 50ZM68 61L70 63L69 65L67 65L68 64L65 62L66 61ZM178 55L178 51L184 56L180 54ZM143 30L139 35L139 36L134 36L135 35L134 33L137 33L140 30ZM129 41L129 39L131 39L131 36L133 38ZM111 12L107 15L106 17L103 17L104 16L103 15L110 11L117 11ZM109 6L112 6L109 7L108 7L109 6L106 6ZM171 29L170 29L169 28L172 26ZM108 42L106 46L103 48L102 46L102 42ZM108 42L103 42L102 44L100 42L107 37L109 39ZM54 42L53 44L51 43ZM196 73L195 75L192 76ZM196 69L199 71L197 73ZM149 35L144 34L145 33ZM113 60L112 60L111 66L109 66L107 60ZM117 62L118 59L117 58L119 58L120 60L119 56L122 56L123 59L119 61L120 64L118 65ZM99 30L99 32L91 38L97 30ZM95 35L93 36L93 38L91 38ZM149 23L154 22L155 21L165 22L164 23L167 24L158 27L154 26ZM35 32L44 33L46 36L47 40L49 40L52 38L51 40L49 40L49 42L43 40L37 33L36 32L36 33L39 37ZM93 42L91 41L91 38L93 38L93 36L95 35L97 36L96 36L97 41ZM94 43L94 41L97 41L96 36L102 39L102 41L99 42L97 44ZM156 46L157 47L158 49ZM165 48L164 49L161 49L165 46L166 47ZM118 58L118 55L120 58L120 60ZM128 57L128 59L125 64L124 60ZM113 20L112 19L115 19ZM105 33L106 32L111 33L112 32L114 32L114 39L106 36ZM115 19L112 19L114 18L115 18ZM157 38L160 42L158 42L158 40L156 40ZM139 28L141 27L139 27L140 26L145 27ZM119 51L120 47L123 48L122 53ZM139 27L138 27L133 25L131 25L131 27L129 27L128 25L129 24L127 24L126 22L128 21L134 22L134 20L138 19L143 20L144 22L149 23L144 25L145 27ZM180 25L181 26L178 27L179 25ZM178 27L178 30L173 31L177 29ZM104 24L108 24L107 25L110 28L109 29ZM124 29L126 30L127 33L122 32ZM130 29L134 30L134 33L135 35L134 36L129 35L125 31L125 28ZM154 47L158 50L159 53ZM169 49L167 50L169 50L167 51L168 52L167 51L166 53L167 49ZM161 49L164 49L165 48L166 49L164 52L161 52ZM178 51L178 55L173 51ZM138 37L139 36L139 35L142 32L141 31L143 30L146 35L154 34L152 38L151 36L149 35L149 38L145 41L143 46L141 38L139 38ZM91 13L92 14L90 15L86 14ZM112 23L112 24L109 24ZM54 42L52 43L50 42ZM66 47L67 46L69 49L67 49ZM94 45L92 44L92 43L95 43L96 45ZM115 27L113 28L113 29L112 30L113 29L112 27ZM100 44L101 47L98 47L98 44ZM105 24L103 21L105 20L105 19L108 20L108 22L107 22L108 23ZM124 27L122 26L125 26L126 27ZM107 49L108 51L106 52L105 50ZM104 24L104 26L101 26L99 26L99 24L97 23L101 22ZM113 13L111 12L116 11L118 15L113 17L112 15ZM120 47L118 46L121 42L127 46L122 48ZM115 18L113 17L116 17ZM120 42L121 40L124 43ZM120 38L114 38L114 33L119 33L119 35L118 34ZM58 50L55 52L56 50ZM83 4L88 4L83 4L87 5L94 5L89 6L88 7L90 7L87 7L89 9L85 9L88 9L85 10L88 11L85 10L84 11L88 11L78 14L76 17L72 15L70 13L72 13L70 13L72 12L70 12L72 12L70 11L71 10L69 10L67 8L60 7L66 4ZM55 37L59 39L53 38ZM108 25L111 25L109 25L110 26ZM96 44L99 45L98 47L96 48ZM117 55L116 55L116 57L112 56L112 54L107 53L109 52L111 47L115 47L117 49L116 51ZM106 52L108 51L107 49L110 48L109 52ZM60 43L59 45L63 47L63 49L61 49L61 52L56 49L57 45ZM160 38L158 37L156 38L153 34L149 35L145 33L141 28L145 27L144 25L148 23L154 26L161 26L167 24L164 23L167 21L170 21L173 23L175 23L173 26L165 28L168 29L166 31L168 34L165 37ZM61 60L63 63L59 78L62 79L60 80L59 79L59 77L58 76L60 75ZM113 39L113 44L109 46L107 42L108 37ZM113 45L115 47L111 47L109 49L108 47L109 46L112 44ZM28 19L22 16L22 11L29 11L40 13L41 12L40 12L46 12L47 13L48 12L46 11L47 10L51 13L52 11L55 12L53 13L49 13L51 14L48 14L50 15L47 16L48 18L54 19L56 22L56 20L57 19L57 15L59 15L61 16L62 18L64 17L66 19L68 20L66 20L69 21L61 23L54 27L54 25L51 23L32 23L28 20ZM36 10L41 9L44 11L37 12L35 11L38 11L34 10ZM33 9L36 9L33 10L30 10L31 9ZM61 4L66 4L56 6L59 6L55 8L50 7L54 7L51 7L55 6L52 5L57 5L49 5ZM44 9L46 10L43 10ZM53 14L55 15L52 15ZM49 5L53 6L49 6L46 5ZM48 7L56 8L49 9L46 7ZM48 9L50 9L47 10ZM63 25L62 24L58 25L64 23L63 23L66 25L64 26L65 25ZM69 21L68 22L70 23L71 24L67 24ZM52 11L55 9L66 13L62 13L64 15L62 15L63 16L57 14L60 13L58 11L51 11L52 11L50 9L53 9ZM105 47L108 43L109 49L106 49ZM160 42L159 44L157 44L157 42ZM156 39L154 40L155 44L154 41L152 41L151 38L154 34ZM101 44L97 44L100 42L101 43ZM116 27L113 27L112 26L116 26ZM63 49L66 47L67 49L71 48L72 49L71 51L74 50L80 53L77 62L73 64L70 69L68 67L70 65L68 62L68 59L64 55L61 56L59 54L61 52L61 49ZM114 60L116 62L111 65L112 60ZM61 60L61 56L64 55L68 60L62 63ZM101 47L100 44L102 43ZM118 21L113 21L116 19L117 19ZM149 38L149 35L151 36L151 38L150 37ZM127 29L125 27L127 27ZM180 57L185 64L183 71L179 71L176 70L177 68L175 69L173 67L164 69L163 62L167 61L170 58L172 58L173 56L176 57L175 58L178 60ZM68 67L68 71L64 73L65 74L62 76L63 77L62 78L62 79L60 79L59 78L62 64L65 62L68 64L67 65L70 64ZM113 56L112 57L113 60L107 60L108 56L107 53L112 54ZM105 29L105 35L107 37L103 39L102 39L95 35L99 32L99 30ZM137 29L142 29L137 33L134 33L134 30ZM68 85L64 87L66 90L66 91L57 93L60 93L55 93L57 94L53 93L66 96L87 94L80 94L90 92L94 89L122 89L130 87L139 88L137 91L147 87L175 87L195 90L189 92L193 94L188 95L200 97L200 100L0 100L0 97L13 97L3 96L11 96L15 96L13 95L18 95L12 93L36 91L45 92L43 90L62 91L63 90L63 87ZM75 94L76 95L70 95ZM61 88L62 90L58 90L61 90L60 88Z","height":100,"rect":{"h":6.7,"w":8.8,"x":115,"y":28.7},"width":200},"points":[{"date":"2026-10-31","label":"Baraachit, south Lebanon","lat":33.2,"lon":35.4,"n":1,"verification":"researched","x":530.1,"y":387.4},{"date":"2026-10-30","label":"Gaza City","lat":31.53,"lon":34.45,"n":2,"verification":"researched","x":469.9,"y":512.6},{"date":"2026-10-30","label":"Hebron","lat":31.53,"lon":35.09,"n":3,"verification":"researched","x":510.5,"y":512.6}],"projection":"equirectangular","rivers":[{"d":"M730.3 187.6L752.8 183.9L772.5 186.3L797 193.6L810.9 201.1L814.5 208.9L821.8 216.9L838.2 230.1L837.8 231.6L845.4 235.5L848.4 239.8L849.2 246.4L851.6 251.2L855.4 254.1L858.5 258.5L860.8 264.6L866.5 271L875.7 277.6L880.3 283.8L881.4 293L884.4 295.2M696.4 114.7L698.4 121.8L701.3 125.3L705.8 127.6L709.4 131L712.1 135.5L711.6 141.3L706.4 151.7"},{"d":"M261.7 616L256.3 603L258.2 596L264.7 589.3L267.2 580.6L265.5 562.2L266.9 557.5L278 542.7L283.6 538.4L288 537.9L293.9 531.5L304.5 512.9"},{"d":"M816.6 0L822.7 1.3L823 4.5L831 10.6L832.8 14L831.2 17.2L832.4 19.4L836.4 20.5L838.1 25.6L837.5 34.7L848.6 40L882.9 42.3L894.7 45.6L925.4 46.4L935.6 49.2L938.1 55L938.9 60.7L938.1 66.3L940.7 69.3L946.9 69.8L954.1 72.7L962.5 78.2L968 85.2L972.1 97.7"},{"d":"M884.4 295.2L892.4 298.3L896.1 297.9L898 295.1L902.3 294.2L908.9 295.1L914.7 293.7L916.6 294.7L922.3 293.7L930.3 290.1L937.2 289.2L943.2 291.1L947.5 293.9L955.9 304.7L958.9 305.8L962.1 304.4L966.3 305.5L967.4 302.3L969.1 301.4L971.4 302.7L971.4 304.7L969.2 307.6L969.2 310L971.6 312L972.5 315L972 318.8L974.6 323L980.5 327.3L983.1 331.6L982.5 335.8L983.9 337.1L987.3 335.5L990.8 335.7L994.5 337.5L995.6 340.9L994.1 346L996.8 352L1000 355.3"},{"d":"M752.5 0L757.9 2.3L762.9 1.9L765.4 4.4L765.4 10.1L767.6 13.2L772 13.7L773.9 15.8L773.3 19.7L756.8 35.8L756.8 38.7L753.3 46.5L748.1 48.9L747.3 50.6L747.9 52.5L746.3 54L739.2 55L733.3 57.9L728.5 62.5L722.6 65.3L710.7 67.8L707.9 70.2L703.5 70.8L697.2 69.6L692.7 70.5L689.7 73.6L685.6 80.5L686.1 93.7L688.3 97.8L691.7 98.3L694.2 102.6L696.4 114.7"},{"d":"M266.4 618.3L269.2 617.7L275.3 606.6L282 599L291.9 591.1L306.1 586.1L333.9 582.9"},{"d":"M531.6 528L530.1 535.1M541.3 423.4L539.7 447.7L541 459.5L538.6 469.6L538.4 478.5L540.2 495M559.5 357.6L548.8 370.1L544 384.1L542.4 394.1L542.7 409.9"},{"d":"M307.3 900L303.3 894L302.8 889.2L300.9 886.7L297.6 886.6L296.1 885.1L296.4 882L295.4 880L292.9 879.1L286.4 870.2L272.9 848.1L269 843.2L249.4 825.7L243 814.9L244.3 806L242.7 778.5L235.2 765L234.9 760.1L239.4 747.3L242.4 726.3L244.9 718L260.6 692.1L265.2 681.2L265 673.9L269.2 656.7L269.5 643.7L266.4 618.3"},{"d":"M266.4 618.3L254.7 612.9L249.6 609L247.3 604.4L242.2 600.8L241.7 592.1L237.8 577.4L236.8 568.9L237.8 566.6L236.3 562.4L235.3 551.6L233.3 547.5L224 539.6L221.2 535.2L220.9 530.2L218.9 525.6L213 518.1"},{"d":"M350.2 613.8L350.5 629.3M337.5 595.6L333.9 582.9L335.9 575.7L335.2 533.2"},{"d":"M972.1 97.7L975.7 103.1L980.5 106.8L980.7 111.7L983.6 114.9L993.4 118.5L997.3 122.4L996.4 123.5L1000 124M1000 131.3L997 136.9L1000 139.8"}],"scale":{"km":200,"label":"200 km","px":134.7},"version":2,"width":1000},"name":"Gaza war and West Bank settler violence diplomatic fallout","numbers":{"actors":[{"iso2":"IL","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Benjamin Netanyahu","head_of_state":"Isaac Herzog"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":36,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":178000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":34,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":30.757,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":119,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":51,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,3.2],[2017,3.2],[2018,2.5],[2019,3],[2020,3.8],[2021,3.1],[2022,2.7],[2023,3.1],[2024,2.9],[2025,1.5],[2026,1.9]],"unit":"pct","value":1.9,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":85,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":13.7342,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":46,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":214.525,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":58,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,260.622],[2015,275.029],[2016,280.57],[2017,285.686],[2018,292.212],[2019,301.506],[2020,285.135],[2021,292.044],[2022,307.838],[2023,284.39],[2024,277.774]],"unit":"twh","value":277.774,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":110,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,29.7753],[2017,29.0661],[2018,29.758],[2019,29.0854],[2020,27.1546],[2021,28.8186],[2022,31.3653],[2023,30.3285],[2024,28.399],[2025,27.5584]],"unit":"pct","value":27.5584,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":36,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":168320000000,"year":2025},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":156,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-1.8],[2017,-1.2],[2018,-3.6],[2019,-3.8],[2020,-10.6],[2021,-3.4],[2022,0.3],[2023,-5.4],[2024,-8.1],[2025,-5.2],[2026,-5.9]],"unit":"pct","value":-5.9,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":77,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":5.3197,"year":2022},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":47,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":103.789,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":30,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":214.277,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":26,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,321084000000],[2017,357361000000],[2018,375470000000],[2019,399208000000],[2020,410909000000],[2021,489735000000],[2022,525158000000],[2023,513393000000],[2024,542284000000],[2025,610778000000]],"unit":"usd","value":610778000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":106,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,4.53602],[2017,4.34395],[2018,4.0535],[2019,3.57899],[2020,-1.80207],[2021,9.33535],[2022,6.36407],[2023,2.06273],[2024,0.953618],[2025,2.93115]],"unit":"pct","value":2.93115,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":18,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,37571.3],[2017,41013.3],[2018,42269.4],[2019,44091.9],[2020,44590.8],[2021,52258.5],[2022,54947.2],[2023,52126.4],[2024,54216.5],[2025,60336.8]],"unit":"usd","value":60336.8,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":56,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,61.7],[2017,59.8],[2018,60.1],[2019,59.3],[2020,71.1],[2021,67.7],[2022,60.3],[2023,61.3],[2024,67.7],[2025,68.5],[2026,69.8]],"unit":"pct","value":69.8,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":140,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,28.178],[2017,27.3858],[2018,29.1154],[2019,27.4428],[2020,23.9858],[2021,25.9998],[2022,29.2705],[2023,27.6493],[2024,25.9832],[2025,25.4309]],"unit":"pct","value":25.4309,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":38,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":155326000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":12,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,17434600000],[2017,19357000000],[2018,19899800000],[2019,20339200000],[2020,21816600000],[2021,24341000000],[2022,23406100000],[2023,27498500000],[2024,46505300000]],"unit":"usd","value":46505300000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5.41749],[2017,5.42683],[2018,5.2882],[2019,5.07213],[2020,5.27626],[2021,4.93495],[2022,4.43301],[2023,5.3848],[2024,8.77672]],"unit":"pct","value":8.77672,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":52,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":114.591,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":94,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0.248,"year":2016},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":25,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,0.1],[2017,0.1],[2018,0.25],[2019,0.25],[2020,0.1],[2021,0.1],[2022,3.25],[2023,4.75],[2024,4.5],[2025,4.25],[2026,3.5]],"unit":"pct","value":3.5,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":95,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8546000],[2017,8713300],[2018,8882800],[2019,9054000],[2020,9215100],[2021,9371400],[2022,9557500],[2023,9849000],[2024,10002200],[2025,10122800]],"unit":"people","value":10122800,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":6,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":14.5416,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":18,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,95446300000],[2017,113010000000],[2018,115266000000],[2019,126008000000],[2020,173292000000],[2021,212934000000],[2022,194231000000],[2023,204661000000],[2024,214544000000],[2025,229487000000]],"unit":"usd","value":229487000000,"year":2025}},"name":"Israel","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":29.4,"value":17332500000},{"iso2":"IE","name":"Ireland","share":5.8,"value":3422070000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":5.8,"value":3399990000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":4.1,"value":2399320000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":3.8,"value":2239610000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":29.4,"value":17337700000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":18.7,"value":11032400000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":16.6,"value":9791410000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":14,"value":8229030000},{"name":"Plastics and rubber","share":5.3,"value":3100160000}],"total":58904600000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":17.8,"value":16329300000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":10.5,"value":9686390000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":6.1,"value":5648600000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":5.7,"value":5272400000},{"iso2":"IT","name":"Italy","share":3.9,"value":3541320000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":23.6,"value":21708400000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":11.8,"value":10835900000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":11.5,"value":10574900000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":9.3,"value":8536330000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":8.1,"value":7480870000}],"total":91876900000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"GB","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Andy Burnham","head_of_state":"Charles III"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":41,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":153000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":31,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":46.967,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":58,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0.832,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":117,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-5.2],[2017,-3.4],[2018,-3.7],[2019,-2.5],[2020,-2.7],[2021,-0.8],[2022,-1.9],[2023,-3.6],[2024,-3],[2025,-3.1],[2026,-3.4]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.4,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":52,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":44.0436,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":31,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":661.554,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":16,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,2255.71],[2015,2279.47],[2016,2246.92],[2017,2251.04],[2018,2246.42],[2019,2192.99],[2020,1982.84],[2021,1990.97],[2022,2009.94],[2023,1929.63],[2024,1936.96]],"unit":"twh","value":1936.96,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":103,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,29.0616],[2017,30.9738],[2018,31.8545],[2019,31.9029],[2020,29.9487],[2021,29.2894],[2022,34.0619],[2023,31.9123],[2024,31.0561],[2025,30.597]],"unit":"pct","value":30.597,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":4,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":1224670000000,"year":2025},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":120,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.3],[2017,-2.5],[2018,-2.2],[2019,-2.4],[2020,-12.9],[2021,-7.5],[2022,-4.6],[2023,-6],[2024,-6.1],[2025,-5.4],[2026,-3.9]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.9,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":69,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":7.10156,"year":2025},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":13,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":618.572,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":24,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":307.186,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":5,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,2706810000000],[2017,2699120000000],[2018,2897030000000],[2019,2875710000000],[2020,2724000000000],[2021,3194560000000],[2022,3181240000000],[2023,3420800000000],[2024,3695540000000],[2025,4002590000000]],"unit":"usd","value":4002590000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":149,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,2.20652],[2017,3.02322],[2018,1.55133],[2019,1.2563],[2020,-10.0479],[2021,8.54311],[2022,5.1497],[2023,0.27165],[2024,1.08028],[2025,1.38844]],"unit":"pct","value":1.38844,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":20,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,41258.5],[2017,40918.1],[2018,43704.3],[2019,43160.7],[2020,40815.1],[2021,47695.6],[2022,47034.8],[2023,49919.7],[2024,53341.3],[2025,57602]],"unit":"usd","value":57602,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":21,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,87.3],[2017,86.1],[2018,85.6],[2019,84.9],[2020,104.8],[2021,103.4],[2022,97.5],[2023,98.9],[2024,99.9],[2025,102.3],[2026,103.6]],"unit":"pct","value":103.6,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":116,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,30.778],[2017,32.2161],[2018,33.0552],[2019,33.1007],[2020,29.2112],[2021,29.249],[2022,35.137],[2023,33.0801],[2024,31.7829],[2025,31.8604]],"unit":"pct","value":31.8604,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":4,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":1275240000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":6,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,53327400000],[2017,52075000000],[2018,55832900000],[2019,56567600000],[2020,58332400000],[2021,65148600000],[2022,64069900000],[2023,75303400000],[2024,81763200000]],"unit":"usd","value":81763200000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":46,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.98449],[2017,1.95003],[2018,1.94456],[2019,1.98525],[2020,2.16304],[2021,2.07242],[2022,2.05692],[2023,2.23064],[2024,2.27862]],"unit":"pct","value":2.27862,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":16,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":744.16,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":26,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":353.536,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":22,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,0.25],[2017,0.5],[2018,0.75],[2019,0.75],[2020,0.1],[2021,0.25],[2022,3.5],[2023,5.25],[2024,4.75],[2025,3.75],[2026,3.75]],"unit":"pct","value":3.75,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":22,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,65606000],[2017,65964000],[2018,66287000],[2019,66628000],[2020,66740000],[2021,66978000],[2022,67636000],[2023,68526000],[2024,69281000],[2025,69487000]],"unit":"people","value":69487000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":144,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":1.38773,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":19,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,134932000000],[2017,150858000000],[2018,172658000000],[2019,173569000000],[2020,180054000000],[2021,194181000000],[2022,176410000000],[2023,177915000000],[2024,174598000000],[2025,214355000000]],"unit":"usd","value":214355000000,"year":2025}},"name":"United Kingdom","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":13.8,"value":71907700000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":7.6,"value":39590600000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":7.1,"value":36870900000},{"iso2":"CH","name":"Switzerland","share":6.8,"value":35631900000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":6.6,"value":34286400000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":21.9,"value":114344000000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":16,"value":83419500000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":12.8,"value":66718300000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":12,"value":62718600000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":10.9,"value":56906600000}],"total":521207000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":12.5,"value":99221000000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":12,"value":94925900000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":9.5,"value":74926200000},{"iso2":"FR","name":"France","share":5.1,"value":40637600000},{"iso2":"NO","name":"Norway","share":4.1,"value":32467800000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":21.5,"value":170430000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":13.6,"value":107744000000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":11.7,"value":92443700000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":10,"value":78821000000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":8.8,"value":70009400000}],"total":791657000000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"LB","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Nawaf Salam","head_of_state":"Joseph Aoun"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":56,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":80000,"year":2020},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":131,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":185,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-20.7],[2017,-22.9],[2018,-24.2],[2019,-21.7],[2020,-11.8],[2021,-22.2],[2022,-28.9],[2023,-24],[2024,-19],[2025,-22.5]],"unit":"pct","value":-22.5,"year":2025},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":7,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":96.9235,"year":2022},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":153,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":97,"source":"owid","trend":[[2013,86.977],[2014,91.607],[2015,100.63],[2016,103.679],[2017,110.646],[2018,104.106],[2019,105.071],[2020,97.985],[2021,83.999],[2022,71.652],[2023,72.935]],"unit":"twh","value":72.935,"year":2023},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":121,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,21.7262],[2017,21.9269],[2018,20.7545],[2019,20.6978],[2020,16.3726],[2021,26.0256],[2022,34.8288],[2023,30.5514],[2024,23.3165]],"unit":"pct","value":23.3165,"year":2024},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":124,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":6055690000,"year":2024},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":331.65,"year":2023},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":24,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":67389000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":7,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-9],[2017,-8.7],[2018,-11.2],[2019,-10.5],[2020,-7.8],[2021,-2.6],[2022,-7.5],[2023,-1.6],[2024,0.4],[2025,3.3]],"unit":"pct","value":3.3,"year":2025},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":65,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":7.7094,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":138,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":119,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,51147300000],[2017,53027700000],[2018,54901500000],[2019,51606000000],[2020,31712100000],[2021,23131900000],[2022,20992400000],[2023,20078600000],[2024,25971600000]],"unit":"usd","value":25971600000,"year":2024},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":192,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.55455],[2017,0.903028],[2018,-1.88471],[2019,-6.91492],[2020,-21.3999],[2021,-7.00124],[2022,-0.621679],[2023,-0.760584],[2024,-7.07989]],"unit":"pct","value":-7.07989,"year":2024},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":126,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8089.01],[2017,8608.21],[2018,9174.54],[2019,8905.88],[2020,5561.19],[2021,4045.37],[2022,3654.36],[2023,3477.72],[2024,4473.27]],"unit":"usd","value":4473.27,"year":2024},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":7,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,147.9],[2017,150.4],[2018,154],[2019,171.9],[2020,157.2],[2021,345.5],[2022,235.9],[2023,185.8],[2024,157.9],[2025,139.4]],"unit":"pct","value":139.4,"year":2025},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":51,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,45.9975],[2017,46.5285],[2018,47.5028],[2019,42.2832],[2020,33.7572],[2021,52.803],[2022,80.0595],[2023,73.655],[2024,58.9158]],"unit":"pct","value":58.9158,"year":2024},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":101,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":15301400000,"year":2024},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":97,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,2606460000],[2017,2441070000],[2018,2775560000],[2019,2326060000],[2020,431991000],[2021,171587000],[2022,218748000],[2023,286217000],[2024,635472000]],"unit":"usd","value":635472000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":37,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5.09598],[2017,4.6034],[2018,5.05552],[2019,4.73938],[2020,3.02666],[2021,1.60905],[2022,1.39504],[2023,1.62409],[2024,2.58829]],"unit":"pct","value":2.58829,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":142,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":114,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,6323060],[2017,6160130],[2018,5984120],[2019,5794590],[2020,5702400],[2021,5718120],[2022,5744490],[2023,5773490],[2024,5805960],[2025,5849420]],"unit":"people","value":5849420,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":8,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":13.6032,"year":2023},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":56,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,53905500000],[2017,55411500000],[2018,52380600000],[2019,52213500000],[2020,42440400000],[2021,35239200000],[2022,32512900000],[2023,27489700000],[2024,33301300000]],"unit":"usd","value":33301300000,"year":2024}},"name":"Lebanon","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"AE","name":"United Arab Emirates","share":22.2,"value":1011780000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":7.9,"value":361387000},{"iso2":"IQ","name":"Iraq","share":5.2,"value":236300000},{"iso2":"EG","name":"Egypt","share":5,"value":228013000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":4.7,"value":212324000}],"products":[{"name":"Stone and glass","share":17.8,"value":811964000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":15.7,"value":715920000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":15,"value":683208000},{"name":"Metals","share":10,"value":455996000},{"name":"Foodstuffs","share":9,"value":412447000}],"total":4560690000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":11.5,"value":2087970000},{"iso2":"GR","name":"Greece","share":9.8,"value":1778320000},{"iso2":"CH","name":"Switzerland","share":9.7,"value":1752540000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":7.6,"value":1379250000},{"iso2":"IT","name":"Italy","share":6.2,"value":1120340000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":27.1,"value":4919660000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":15.5,"value":2807380000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":9.5,"value":1729690000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":7,"value":1271920000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":6.8,"value":1233740000}],"total":18122400000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"PS","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Mohammad Shtayyeh","head_of_state":"Mahmoud Abbas"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":null,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":0,"year":2020},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":null,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":null,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":null,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":null,"source":"owid","trend":[[2013,15.296],[2014,16.499],[2015,18.307],[2016,19.166],[2017,19.236],[2018,18.46],[2019,20.572],[2020,21.139],[2021,22.642],[2022,23.234],[2023,23.764]],"unit":"twh","value":23.764,"year":2023},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,14.3268],[2017,15.7242],[2018,15.9616],[2019,15.5211],[2020,15.3576],[2021,17.3411],[2022,18.4363],[2023,16.9959],[2024,21.8525],[2025,21.2278]],"unit":"pct","value":21.2278,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":3644200000,"year":2025},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":null,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":0.0859853,"year":2023},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":null,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,15405400000],[2017,16128000000],[2018,16276600000],[2019,17133500000],[2020,15531700000],[2021,18109000000],[2022,19165500000],[2023,18635100000],[2024,16016900000],[2025,17167100000]],"unit":"usd","value":17167100000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":null,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8.86462],[2017,1.41937],[2018,1.22708],[2019,1.36269],[2020,-11.3185],[2021,7.01198],[2022,4.08276],[2023,-0.972178],[2024,-22.8573],[2025,4.34444]],"unit":"pct","value":4.34444,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":null,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3527.61],[2017,3620.36],[2018,3562.33],[2019,3656.86],[2020,3233.57],[2021,3678.64],[2022,3799.96],[2023,3607.42],[2024,3028.25],[2025,3171.11]],"unit":"usd","value":3171.11,"year":2025},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,51.0957],[2017,52.7245],[2018,55.4397],[2019,53.4724],[2020,51.9306],[2021,55.7424],[2022,63.9587],[2023,59.1776],[2024,52.7355],[2025,53.5326]],"unit":"pct","value":53.5326,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":9190000000,"year":2025},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"population":{"label":"Population","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,4367090],[2017,4454800],[2018,4569090],[2019,4685310],[2020,4803270],[2021,4922750],[2022,5043610],[2023,5165780],[2024,5289150],[2025,5413600]],"unit":"people","value":5413600,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":null,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":2.34819,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":null,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,312800000],[2017,446349000],[2018,537846000],[2019,658352000],[2020,697075000],[2021,872541000],[2022,896900000],[2023,1323200000],[2024,1328000000],[2025,1825200000]],"unit":"usd","value":1825200000,"year":2025}},"name":"Palestine","trade":{}},{"iso2":"AE","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Mohammed bin Rashid Al Maktoum","head_of_state":"Mohammed Bin Zayed Al Nahyan"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":63,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":63000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":36,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":30.563,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":66,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":13,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,3.5],[2017,6.8],[2018,9.4],[2019,8.6],[2020,5.9],[2021,11.4],[2022,13],[2023,14.1],[2024,15.4],[2025,15.3],[2026,11.4]],"unit":"pct","value":11.4,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":124,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-171.482,"year":2022},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":10,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2704.47,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":20,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,1135.19],[2015,1223.08],[2016,1269.52],[2017,1211.89],[2018,1132.72],[2019,1216.96],[2020,1184.5],[2021,1240.61],[2022,1352.95],[2023,1433.28],[2024,1522.04]],"unit":"twh","value":1522.04,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":7,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,94.4747],[2017,94.7374],[2018,90.843],[2019,93.3023],[2020,98.0725],[2021,100.643],[2022,102.052],[2023,106.846]],"unit":"pct","value":106.846,"year":2023},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":17,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":558402000000,"year":2023},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":5,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3],[2017,-0.2],[2018,3.7],[2019,2.5],[2020,-2.4],[2021,4],[2022,9.8],[2023,5.8],[2024,6.4],[2025,5.2],[2026,4.9]],"unit":"pct","value":4.9,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":15,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":68.2029,"year":2023},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":10,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":713.442,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":14,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":614.018,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":30,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,381717000000],[2017,403365000000],[2018,440560000000],[2019,433926000000],[2020,357162000000],[2021,422441000000],[2022,511403000000],[2023,522622000000],[2024,552325000000]],"unit":"usd","value":552325000000,"year":2024},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":72,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5.6579],[2017,-1.06137],[2018,1.53721],[2019,1.27129],[2020,-8.69343],[2021,4.5528],[2022,7.51452],[2023,4.30114],[2024,3.99181]],"unit":"pct","value":3.99181,"year":2024},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":24,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,42721.1],[2017,43733.6],[2018,47135.3],[2019,45938.6],[2020,37991.7],[2021,44118.5],[2022,50759.8],[2023,49850.7],[2024,50273.5]],"unit":"usd","value":50273.5,"year":2024},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":152,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,18.6],[2017,21.2],[2018,20.7],[2019,25.8],[2020,30.1],[2021,35.7],[2022,31.5],[2023,31.9],[2024,34.9],[2025,34.3],[2026,31.4]],"unit":"pct","value":31.4,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":12,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,70.9202],[2017,70.7391],[2018,63.9041],[2019,70.5198],[2020,83.2194],[2021,82.2668],[2022,83.6897],[2023,92.1988]],"unit":"pct","value":92.1988,"year":2023},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":19,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":481852000000,"year":2023},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":20,"source":"wb","trend":[[2010,17504700000],[2011,19181800000],[2012,19024100000],[2013,23561100000],[2014,22755100000]],"unit":"usd","value":22755100000,"year":2014},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":21,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":636.577,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":9,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2090.46,"year":2024},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":85,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8935100],[2017,9223220],[2018,9346700],[2019,9445780],[2020,9401040],[2021,9575150],[2022,10075000],[2023,10483800],[2024,10986400],[2025,11513100]],"unit":"people","value":11513100,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":64,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":5.1994,"year":2024},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":14,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,85390800000],[2017,95377600000],[2018,99503300000],[2019,108359000000],[2020,106702000000],[2021,131117000000],[2022,138433000000],[2023,189491000000],[2024,237931000000],[2025,292319000000]],"unit":"usd","value":292319000000,"year":2025}},"name":"United Arab Emirates","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"SA","name":"Saudi Arabia","share":5.2,"value":29464800000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":4.4,"value":25019300000},{"iso2":"IQ","name":"Iraq","share":4,"value":22700800000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":3.3,"value":18723100000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":2.4,"value":13545000000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":49.5,"value":282077000000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":16.1,"value":91870600000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":11.7,"value":66514600000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":4.7,"value":26704300000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":4,"value":22716200000}],"total":570245000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":16.5,"value":77419200000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":6.5,"value":30449200000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":5.7,"value":26869200000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":3.8,"value":17655800000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":3.2,"value":15172000000}],"products":[{"name":"Stone and glass","share":24.9,"value":117185000000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":22.1,"value":103869000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":19.8,"value":93325900000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":8.2,"value":38794900000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":4.5,"value":21257700000}],"total":470536000000,"year":2023}}}],"as_of":"2026-11-01","trackers":[]},"on_record":[{"about":["Israel","Palestinians"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"United Nations","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_54914c2dae87","iso2":"","paraphrase":"Over 75,000 Palestinians have been killed across the Occupied Palestinian Territory since October 2023 including at least 21,500 children and 11,000 women, and Israeli authorities and forces have continued to commit war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide, continuing to expand territorial control in Gaza and killing civilians approaching the Yellow Line.","quote":"Israeli authorities and forces have continued to commit war crimes, crimes against humanity and the crime of genocide","reported_by":"","role":"Chair of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in Israel","signal":"accusation","significance":"UN commission formally accuses Israel of ongoing genocide and war crimes despite so-called ceasefire.","speaker":"Srinivasan Muralidhar","stance":-2,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gashc4450.doc.htm","venue":"other"},{"about":["Israel","Palestinians"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"United Nations","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_5f4f6c5071e1","iso2":"","paraphrase":"Israeli military operations and settler violence form part of a coordinated attack pursuing settlement expansion, annexation and displacement, including crimes against humanity of extermination, torture and rape in the West Bank, age-based persecution of children and sexual violence to displace and subjugate Palestinians.","quote":"The conduct of the Israeli authorities and forces form part of a broader strategy to exterminate and displace Palestinians and impose conditions of life that are unliveable","reported_by":"","role":"Chair of the Independent International Commission of Inquiry on the Occupied Palestinian Territory, including East Jerusalem, and in Israel","signal":"accusation","significance":"Alleges systematic state strategy of extermination and displacement amounting to crimes against humanity.","speaker":"Srinivasan Muralidhar","stance":-2,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gashc4450.doc.htm","venue":"other"},{"about":["Israel","Palestine"],"about_iso2":["IL","PS"],"affiliation":"United Kingdom","date":"2026-10-19","id":"st_537c7e16e786","iso2":"GB","paraphrase":"The UK Government will not accept continued displacement of Palestinians and the ongoing unlawful occupation.","quote":"This UK Government will not accept the continued displacement of Palestinians and the unlawful occupation that persists.","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Secretary","signal":"red_line","significance":"UK declares non-acceptance of displacement and occupation, hardening rhetorical position on Palestinian rights.","speaker":"Ed Miliband","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-statement-on-the-deadline-for-bids-for-the-e1-settlement-tender","venue":"statement"},{"about":["Israel","Private Sector"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"United Kingdom","date":"2026-10-19","id":"st_fbb45ca5bac8","iso2":"GB","paraphrase":"The UK has created new powers to sanction individuals and companies involved in building illegal settlements such as E1, and warns bidders clearly about this.","quote":"we have created new powers allowing us to sanction individuals and companies involved in the construction of illegal settlements such as E1","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Secretary","signal":"threat","significance":"Explicit sanctions threat aimed at deterring commercial participation in E1, operationalizing new UK enforcement tools.","speaker":"Ed Miliband","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/foreign-secretary-statement-on-the-deadline-for-bids-for-the-e1-settlement-tender","venue":"statement"},{"about":["Israel","Lebanon"],"about_iso2":["IL","LB"],"affiliation":"United Nations","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_41c62b8e18aa","iso2":"","paraphrase":"Continued Israeli military activity and presence in southern Lebanon are undermining Lebanese residents' ability to return safely and rebuild, with demolitions, fires and strikes by the IDF reported this week both inside and beyond the so-called combat zone from which residents were ordered to evacuate.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Spokesman for the Secretary-General","signal":"accusation","significance":"UN directly attributes obstruction of large-scale civilian return (300k still displaced, 970k returned) to ongoing IDF operations in southern Lebanon.","speaker":"Stéphane Dujarric","stance":-1,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/db261030.doc.htm","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Israel","Lebanon"],"about_iso2":["IL","LB"],"affiliation":"Israel Defense Forces","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_39fdeba82efe","iso2":"","paraphrase":"The IDF informed UNIFIL it could not deconflict requested humanitarian movements to three villages in the south because of the 'current operational situation' and requested they be resubmitted later.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Israel Defense Forces","signal":"denial","significance":"IDF refusal to guarantee safety for humanitarian movements indicates ongoing operational constraints and restricted humanitarian access in southern Lebanon.","speaker":"Israel Defense Forces","stance":-1,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/db261026.doc.htm","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Israel","Palestinians"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"European Union","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_7644a11bfc09","iso2":"EU","paraphrase":"Condemned settler violence and settlement expansion and reaffirmed support for international accountability mechanisms.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Representative of the European Union (observer)","signal":"accusation","significance":"EU aligns with accountability push while condemning settlement policy as violation.","speaker":"Representative of the European Union","stance":-1,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gashc4450.doc.htm","venue":"other"},{"about":["Israel","Palestinians"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"United Kingdom","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_0eb102b2c0d2","iso2":"GB","paraphrase":"Stated only a competent court could determine if the word genocide is appropriate, while recognizing Israel's continued occupation as unlawful.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Delegate of the United Kingdom","signal":"other","significance":"UK hedges on genocide label pending judicial determination but affirms illegality of occupation.","speaker":"Delegate of the United Kingdom","stance":-1,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gashc4450.doc.htm","venue":"other"},{"about":["Gaza","Israel"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"United Kingdom","date":"2026-10-28","id":"st_0a113fcf2928","iso2":"GB","paraphrase":"In Gaza, when some aid was finally allowed in, the number of children treated for acute malnutrition fell sharply from a peak of seventeen thousand per month to under three thousand less than a year later, showing hunger follows decisions on aid access.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Development Minister","signal":"accusation","significance":"Uses Gaza aid-malnutrition data to argue that restricting aid drives hunger and that allowing access enables recovery, implying criticism of aid blockages.","speaker":"Kirsty McNeill","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/speeches/minister-mcneill-speech-from-hunger-hotspots-to-political-action","venue":"other"},{"about":["Israel","Palestinians"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"United Nations","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_2f8e4940b218","iso2":"","paraphrase":"Genocide is not sustained by killing alone; dehumanization, information control and media complicity make the destruction of people appear acceptable, with Gaza witnessing systematic elimination of witnesses and information control since October 2023.","quote":"Genocide is not sustained by killing alone; in every genocide, dehumanization, information control and media complicity make the destruction of people ‘acceptable’","reported_by":"","role":"Special Rapporteur on the situation of human rights in the Palestinian territories occupied since 1967","signal":"accusation","significance":"Frames Israeli information controls and media conduct as constitutive elements of genocide in Gaza.","speaker":"Francesca Albanese","stance":-2,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gashc4450.doc.htm","venue":"other"},{"about":["Israel","Palestinians"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"State of Palestine","date":"2026-10-26","id":"st_43cb89cdb50c","iso2":"PS","paraphrase":"Condemned decades of occupation, displacement and impunity and urged governments to move beyond statements and take concrete measures to protect civilians, deter settler violence and hold perpetrators accountable.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Permanent Observer for the State of Palestine","signal":"demand","significance":"Palestinian call for enforcement action beyond rhetoric on protection and accountability.","speaker":"Permanent Observer for the State of Palestine","stance":-2,"url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gashc4450.doc.htm","venue":"other"},{"about":["Lebanon","Israel"],"about_iso2":["LB","IL"],"affiliation":"Iran","date":"2026-10-18","id":"st_33ca83684bf0","iso2":"IR","paraphrase":"Araghchi reiterated Iran's principled position on preserving Lebanon's territorial integrity and sovereignty and emphasized Iran's support for Lebanon in defending its sovereignty and national security against Israeli aggression and expansionism.","quote":"Referring to the Islamic Republic of Iran’s principled position on the need to preserve Lebanon’s territorial integrity and sovereignty, Araghchi emphasized Iran’s support for Lebanon in defending its sovereignty and national security against the aggression and expansionism of the Zionist regime.","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Minister","signal":"reassurance","significance":"Reaffirms Iran's public commitment to back Lebanon's sovereignty specifically against Israel, signaling continued alignment with Beirut on security issues.","speaker":"Seyed Abbas Araghchi","stance":2,"url":"https://en.mfa.ir/portal/NewsView/796147","venue":"other"},{"about":["UN","UAE"],"about_iso2":["AE"],"affiliation":"Human Rights Watch","date":"2026-10-28","id":"st_69a104bd3864","iso2":"","paraphrase":"","quote":"Having dismissed and undermined the findings of the UN’s own reports, UN member states should be asking tough questions about Nusseibeh’s willingness to defend the independence and integrity of the UN and its investigative mechanisms, including those exposing UAE abuses, at a time when these institutions are under attack.","reported_by":"Human Rights Watch","role":"chief advocacy officer","signal":"warning","significance":"Warning to UN member states that candidate's history raises doubts about defending UN independence and investigative integrity","speaker":"Bruno Stagno Ugarte","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.hrw.org/news/2026/10/28/uae-un-secretary-general-candidate-whitewashed-abuses","venue":"other"},{"about":["Ukraine","United Kingdom","Europe"],"about_iso2":["UA","GB"],"affiliation":"United Kingdom","date":"2026-10-28","id":"st_6cc473db0628","iso2":"GB","paraphrase":"The Prime Minister and Chancellor told President Zelenskyy that developments in Ukraine are central to UK and European security.","quote":"how what was happening in Ukraine was central to UK and European security","reported_by":"","role":"Prime Minister and Chancellor","signal":"reassurance","significance":"Frames Ukraine war as core UK/European security interest, justifying increased support.","speaker":"Prime Minister and Chancellor","stance":2,"url":"https://www.gov.uk/government/news/prime-minister-and-chancellors-call-with-the-president-of-ukraine-28-october-2026","venue":"other"},{"about":["Gaza","Israel"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"Turkey","date":"2026-10-21","id":"st_d715e2f0de7c","iso2":"TR","paraphrase":"First Lady Erdogan stated that more than 21,000 children have been killed in Gaza in the past three years.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"First Lady of Turkey","signal":"accusation","significance":"Provides Turkish presidency's casualty framing of the Gaza war, attributing large-scale child deaths to the conflict.","speaker":"Emine Erdogan","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/166618/first-lady-erdogan-attends-world-summit-on-investing-in-children-s-well-being-a-path-to-sustainable-and-equitable-development-for-future-generations-","venue":"other"},{"about":["Gaza","Israel"],"about_iso2":["IL"],"affiliation":"Turkey","date":"2026-10-21","id":"st_8248db7376d6","iso2":"TR","paraphrase":"First Lady Erdogan stated that more than 10,000 children in Gaza have suffered permanent disability or limb loss and that 197 ambulances, 38 hospitals and 96 health centers have been bombed and put out of service.","quote":"197 ambulances, 38 hospitals and 96 healthcare centers have been bombed, and have become out of service","reported_by":"","role":"First Lady of Turkey","signal":"accusation","significance":"Accuses warring party in Gaza of systematic attacks on medical infrastructure, a core war-crimes-related allegation.","speaker":"Emine Erdogan","stance":-1,"url":"https://www.tccb.gov.tr/en/news/542/166618/first-lady-erdogan-attends-world-summit-on-investing-in-children-s-well-being-a-path-to-sustainable-and-equitable-development-for-future-generations-","venue":"other"}],"outlook":"Hebron closure and displacement are likely to persist in the near term absent a political decision to lift the siege, with continued low-level Gaza strikes and harvest-related settler violence likely through early November. South Lebanon road-building suggests entrenchment rather than drawdown, making rapid return of displaced Lebanese unlikely. Diplomatic pressure via UN accountability language and UK/EU settlement-goods measures is likely to continue but unlikely to change facts on the ground quickly.","pulses":[{"band":"severe","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_israel_palestine_ceasefire_and_normalization_deadlock","name":"Ceasefire and Normalization Deadlock","position":65},{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_israel_palestine_gaza_combat_and_humanitarian_catastrophe","name":"Gaza Combat and Humanitarian Catastrophe","position":89},{"band":"critical","change_24h":4,"change_7d":6,"id":"pls_israel_palestine_west_bank_annexation_and_settler_violence","name":"West Bank Annexation and Settler Violence","position":86},{"band":"critical","change_24h":3,"change_7d":3,"id":"pls_israel_palestine_international_legal_and_diplomatic_pressure_on_israel","name":"International Legal and Diplomatic Pressure on Israel","position":85},{"band":"critical","change_24h":0,"change_7d":0,"id":"pls_iran_gulf_iran_proxy_axis_escalation","name":"Iran Proxy Axis Escalation","position":99}],"saga":"The war in Gaza between Israel and Palestinian armed groups and violence in the occupied West Bank are linked. Fighting in Gaza has created a severe humanitarian crisis with repeated ceasefires, while in the West Bank Israeli settlers and security forces confront Palestinian residents, including during olive harvests. The cycle drives diplomatic fallout at the United Nations and among European governments that restrict imports of goods made in settlements, which are Israeli communities in the West Bank, East Jerusalem and Golan Heights deemed unlawful under international law.","since_yesterday":[{"kind":"new","what":"South Lebanon shelling and new military road construction linking outposts reported Oct 31-Nov 1, after Tampa talks failed — not in previous section which covered only Gaza/West Bank."},{"kind":"eased","what":"Satellite heat hotspots near Gaza fell to 0 per day on Oct 31 from 7 on Oct 24, after a week of near-zero then a spike."},{"kind":"unchanged","what":"Hebron displacement held at ~3,000 and siege of al-Jalda/Deir Bahha continued with homes demolished Oct 30 and converted to posts; no update on EU 24-hour satellite imagery delay imposed Oct 29."},{"kind":"escalated","what":"Gaza ceasefire violations continued Oct 30 with airstrike, demolitions and fire on tents, and West Bank harvest attacks expanded Oct 30-31 with injuries and a new outpost start."}],"temperature":{"coverage":"rising coverage","heat":0.73,"prior_share":0,"recent_share":0.0039,"trend":"heating"},"theater_id":"thr_gaza_war_and_unga_diplomatic_fallout","watch_next":["Whether IDF lifts or extends Hebron curfew/seal on al-Jalda and Deir Bahha and publishes demolition/completion orders","Whether EU 24-hour delay on satellite imagery over Gaza/West Bank is lifted, extended or explained","Any UNIFIL or Lebanese government response to south Lebanon shelling and road construction and whether Tampa talks resume","New Gaza casualty or hospital-service updates, especially on protected sites and displaced-tent areas"]},{"bottom_line":"The Oct 29-30 Montreal summit did not create 'associate membership' — EU states blocked the term on Oct 29 — but launched an 'ever-closer association' and 'Alliance for the Future' to be defined by the 2027 summit. Concrete deliverables were locked in on Oct 30, including a Digital Trade Agreement, EIB critical raw materials framework and Canadian access to EU supercomputing, while Canada joined the EU's €90bn Ukraine loan.","brief_slug":null,"context":[{"source":"https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/canada_en","verification":"researched","what":"EU-Canada Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement (CETA) signed Oct 30 2016, provisionally applied Sept 21 2017, removing 98% of tariff lines (99% by 2024); bilateral goods trade reached €81.5bn in 2025, up 76% from 2016.","when":"2016-10-30","why_relevant":"Baseline for current trade integration that the new association aims to deepen beyond CETA."},{"source":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_26_2318","verification":"researched","what":"Von der Leyen first proposed making Canada the EU's first associate member in her State of the Union speech in Strasbourg.","when":"2026-09-17","why_relevant":"Origin of the 'association without accession' concept debated in Montreal."},{"source":"https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/canada_en","verification":"researched","what":"Canada associated to Horizon Europe Pillar 2 (signed July 3 2024), concluded participation in EU SAFE defence instrument (€150bn) in Dec 2025, and signed EU-Canada Security and Defence Partnership June 23 2025.","when":"2024-07-03","why_relevant":"Existing programme and security ties that the three-pillar association plan would expand."}],"developments":[{"actors":["European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen","Canadian Prime Minister Mark Carney","European Council President António Costa"],"detail":"Von der Leyen proposed on Oct 29 at the C.D. Howe Institute in Montreal that Canada become the EU's first associate member via 'association without accession', saying EU Treaties are clear a country outside Europe cannot join, but accession can be replaced with 'common ambition and vision' to build a partnership closer to membership than anything done before. Article 49 TEU limits membership applications to 'Any European State'.","headline":"Von der Leyen proposes 'association without accession' for Canada at Montreal summit","place":{"country":"Canada","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"name":"Montreal"},"significance":"Frames the legal ceiling — treaty bar on non-European accession — and the political workaround the summit tried to codify.","sources":["https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/speech_26_2288","https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_26_2318","https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2312","https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/HTML/?uri=CELEX:12008M049"],"statements":[{"quote":false,"role":"President of the European Commission","said":"association without accession because EU Treaties are clear a country outside Europe cannot join, but accession can be replaced with common ambition and vision to build a partnership closer to membership than anything done before","source":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2312","when":"2026-10-30","who":"Ursula von der Leyen"}],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-29","where":"Montreal, Canada"},{"actors":["EU member states","Germany (Chancellor Friedrich Merz)","France","Italy"],"detail":"On Oct 29, EU member states blocked inclusion of 'associate member' / 'associate membership' in the draft joint declaration, with Germany plus France and Italy among objectors citing no legal status and insufficient consultation. A revised declaration was approved on the evening of Oct 29 and published Oct 30, replacing the term with 'ever-closer association' / 'closer ties' and launching an 'Alliance for the Future', with work to define the full scope by the 2027 EU-Canada summit.","headline":"EU states block 'associate membership' wording; revised declaration creates 'ever-closer association' to be defined by 2027","place":{"country":"Canada","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"name":"Montreal"},"significance":"Shows internal EU resistance to quasi-membership language and shifts the project to a vaguer association to be negotiated over the next 8 months.","sources":["https://www.dw.com/en/eu-countries-block-canada-s-associate-membership-plan/a-79791601?maca=en-rss-en-all-1573-rdf","https://www.france24.com/en/europe/20261029-canada-and-eu-drop-associate-membership-plan-in-bid-to-deepen-ties","https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3372794/carney-expects-conclude-talks-making-canada-eus-first-associate-member-june","https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313"],"statements":[{"quote":true,"role":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","said":"ever-closer association of Canada to the EU, short of full membership itself","source":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","when":"2026-10-30","who":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada"}],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-29","where":"Montreal, Canada"},{"actors":["European Union","Canada","European Investment Bank"],"detail":"On Oct 30 in Montreal the EU and Canada launched the 'Alliance for the Future' as a common space for growth, prosperity, resilience and economic security, and concluded a Digital Trade Agreement (digital arm of CETA), a treaty framework for EIB investment in Canadian critical raw materials with a stockpiling framework, and EU opening of its EuroHPC supercomputing network to Canada including JUPITER. Other deliverables: modernised competition cooperation, digital credentials/trust services, exploration of Galileo/IRIS²/GOVSATCOM/Arctic connectivity, and a democratic resilience framework. Canada also agreed to participate in the EU's €90bn Ukraine Support Loan.","headline":"Alliance for the Future launched with Digital Trade Agreement, critical minerals, supercomputing and Ukraine loan participation","place":{"country":"Canada","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"name":"Montreal"},"significance":"Moves the association beyond symbolism into trade, tech, raw materials and security financing, anchoring Canada closer to EU programmes and Ukraine support.","sources":["https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_26_2318","https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2312","https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2026/10/30/canada-and-european-union-announce-new-alliance-future-create-greater"],"statements":[{"quote":true,"role":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","said":"Alliance for the Future","source":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","when":"2026-10-30","who":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada"}],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-30","where":"Montreal, Canada"},{"actors":["Prime Minister Mark Carney","Ursula von der Leyen","European Commission"],"detail":"Carney said Oct 30-31 that Canada and the EU will determine substance, scale and scope of associate membership in coming months, with cabinet ministers and commissioners meeting in March and Carney attending European Council meetings in June to conclude negotiations by June 2027. Von der Leyen defined three pillars: closer alignment on policies (climate, energy, AI, security), on governance (Commission-government, Parliament-to-Parliament, Court-to-Court, Business-to-Business, including a Government-to-College meeting in spring), and on programmes (Horizon Europe, Erasmus+, SAFE). Carney also said Canada has learned it is overdependent on the United States and needs to diversify, while acknowledging the U.S. relationship will be very hard to replace.","headline":"Leaders set March-June 2027 timetable and three-pillar structure for association talks","place":{"country":"Canada","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"name":"Montreal"},"significance":"Provides the negotiating calendar and institutional design for turning the political declaration into binding arrangements.","sources":["https://www.scmp.com/news/world/united-states-canada/article/3372794/carney-expects-conclude-talks-making-canada-eus-first-associate-member-june","https://www.pm.gc.ca/en/news/news-releases/2026/10/30/canada-and-european-union-announce-new-alliance-future-create-greater","https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_26_2318","https://www.dw.com/en/canadian-pm-mark-carney-discusses-talks-with-the-eu-overdependence-on-the-us-and-how-to-deal-with-donald-trump-in-a-dw-interview/a-79811469?maca=en-rss-en-all-1573-rdf"],"statements":[],"verification":"researched","when":"2026-10-30","where":"Montreal, Canada"}],"edition":1,"escalation":{"direction":"rising","pace":"gradual"},"headline":"EU and Canada launch 'ever-closer association' after member states block associate-membership term","key_figures":[{"as_of":"2025-12-31","baseline":46.3,"baseline_label":"in 2016 when CETA signed","label":"EU-Canada goods trade","source":"https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/canada_en","unit":"€bn","value":81.5},{"as_of":"2025-12-31","baseline":72.1,"baseline_label":"in 2016","label":"EU-Canada goods plus services trade","source":"https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/canada_en","unit":"€bn","value":130},{"as_of":"2026-10-30","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"EU Ukraine Support Loan Canada agreed to join","source":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/ac_26_2318","unit":"€bn","value":90},{"as_of":"2025-12-19","baseline":null,"baseline_label":"","label":"EU SAFE defence instrument Canada joined","source":"https://policy.trade.ec.europa.eu/eu-trade-relationships-country-and-region/countries-and-regions/canada_en","unit":"€bn","value":150}],"map":{"annotations":[],"bbox":[-83.079,39.502,-64.056,51.502],"cities":[{"capital":true,"name":"Ottawa","x":387.8,"y":456.2},{"capital":false,"name":"New York","x":477.5,"y":808.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Philadelphia","x":415.2,"y":866.7},{"capital":false,"name":"Toronto","x":193.9,"y":587.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Boston","x":631.2,"y":687.7},{"capital":false,"name":"Montréal","x":499.1,"y":450},{"capital":false,"name":"Cleveland","x":72.7,"y":752.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Pittsburgh","x":161.8,"y":830.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Buffalo","x":220.6,"y":646.5},{"capital":false,"name":"Hartford","x":546.5,"y":729.7},{"capital":false,"name":"Albany","x":490,"y":663.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Rochester","x":286.9,"y":624.7},{"capital":false,"name":"Syracuse","x":364.2,"y":633.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Québec","x":622,"y":349.6},{"capital":false,"name":"Harrisburg","x":325.6,"y":842.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Kitchener","x":135.6,"y":603.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Youngstown","x":127.7,"y":780.2},{"capital":false,"name":"Barrie","x":177.6,"y":533.8},{"capital":false,"name":"Erie","x":157.4,"y":702.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Poughkeepsie","x":481.4,"y":735.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Wilkes-Barre","x":378.5,"y":768.9},{"capital":false,"name":"Sudbury","x":111,"y":375.1},{"capital":false,"name":"Sarnia","x":35.7,"y":640.1}],"countries":[{"d":"M440 487.3L607.7 487.1L612.9 472.6L617.7 465.9L624.4 468.1L627.9 467.9L635 462.3L637 462.6L640.3 467.9L642 467.3L643.5 464.3L643.5 460.2L645.5 457.3L650.1 456.9L651.3 455.5L650.6 446.3L656.2 439.3L665.4 432.3L666.1 427.5L671.9 419.7L671.5 408.3L674.5 393.8L678.1 387L684 379.5L687.1 359.5L727.3 302.9L737.4 305.6L736.7 312.3L737.5 317.1L743.4 321.8L749.1 322.4L772.8 313.9L773.8 311.8L780.3 311.7L787.6 317L802.8 331.4L804 416.2L804.9 418.1L803 433.1L805.5 436.1L813.9 441.1L822.5 442.4L823.5 445.2L822.9 447.8L819.6 450.1L819.3 452.1L822.7 459.3L820.4 466.9L825.9 474.6L828.6 476.1L832.1 472.6L838.7 474.9L841 488.4L839.2 491.8L839.6 496.2L844.5 497.5L845.9 500.6L835.2 512L826.1 510.4L821.2 513.4L816 514.3L813.7 519.4L810.9 520.4L803.7 518.7L801.1 519.4L797.5 528.6L794.6 527.8L793.4 531.1L789.7 533.8L786.5 525.8L784.7 525L782.2 524L778.1 524.6L773 529.2L769 524.6L765.2 534.1L764.7 543.2L762.6 542.3L760.5 539.3L754.6 537L750 537.2L750.9 534L755.3 529.4L750.9 528.5L752.6 519.8L748.1 526.2L742.1 530.1L742.4 536.5L736.7 549.7L736.5 555.3L732.9 559.8L728.2 563.6L722 562.6L717.2 565.9L714.8 569.7L712.7 570.3L710.8 563.9L709.1 571.1L707.3 571.6L705.8 563.1L703.3 566L701.7 573.7L700 573.1L698.3 569.3L697.6 579.7L694.2 576.2L688.9 578.5L689.3 573.5L684.2 575L678.1 580.2L673.4 587.2L676.9 590.7L660.1 611.5L653.8 627.5L649 632.4L643.9 650.7L648.8 662.4L654.7 662.2L655.8 663.9L655.3 665.9L643.8 671.2L638.6 680.2L632.5 687.8L635.1 690.1L644.5 692.8L648.7 695.5L655.1 709.6L653 713.6L658.7 717.2L660.5 727.4L665.1 730.8L672 733L680.4 729.9L687.4 725.7L687.2 722.2L681.7 710.4L678.5 707.9L677.2 710L675.1 707.3L674.8 705.8L676.8 705.1L681.8 706.8L688.7 715.5L690.6 727L690.2 736.8L684.4 736.8L666.2 740.6L662.2 743.9L653 747.6L652.5 734.4L650.7 734L636.3 746.5L630.8 747.3L626.1 750.9L624.2 739.5L627.1 731.7L625.6 731.8L620.7 736.5L617.6 730.5L614.4 728L615.8 734.9L612.5 740.1L611.6 753.6L607.5 759.2L594.5 762.8L586.1 762L568.4 765.8L562.9 764.2L557.2 766.9L537.9 767.7L533.8 766.2L528.6 771.4L520.2 774.4L499.2 786L477.9 806.3L482.2 794.2L484 783.5L483.4 774.8L478.8 768.9L481.6 777.4L482 787.9L481.1 794.1L475.9 805.9L467.4 814L463.4 823L464.6 828.4L474.6 830.4L477.3 828.7L478.7 832.6L479.5 838L473.1 878.5L473.9 863.1L472.2 864.4L468 883.1L459.9 897.4L455.9 896.5L456.5 900L397.2 900L397.2 892.5L402.5 878.4L406.1 875.4L416.6 872.3L420.8 863.9L415.6 870.5L407.8 872.8L403.6 875.3L400.3 879.1L398.3 883.8L393.8 889.6L394.6 900L373.7 899.8L374.3 893.7L368.8 895.5L367.8 900L0 900L0 443.5L27.8 461.6L49.5 594.8L35.3 632.2L31.1 657.2L28.1 665.8L17.6 675.6L11.1 683.7L0 690.7L0 720.5L2.6 725.2L20.4 737L33.6 737L94.7 696.9L148.8 685.2L212.5 652.5L217.6 647.8L218.9 644.4L217.3 640.5L213 636.3L212.9 633L210.9 629.7L211.3 616.8L205.4 602.6L222.5 593.9L229.1 590.8L242.9 590.3L329 590.5L347.7 558.3L362.4 544.5L364.2 539.8L378.6 531.4L383.1 525.3L403.6 504.7L415.3 495.2L424.9 489.9L432.2 487.3ZM555.6 788.7L551.9 793.5L555.2 794L567.3 785.8L574.4 783.8L577 786.5L587.5 783.1L564.6 795.6L546.8 803.3L519.6 813.6L515.9 812.9L497.2 817.6L482.5 819.8L487.7 816L486.6 813.4L483.8 813.8L481 817.7L476.5 819L475.6 814.7L477.1 811.4L483.6 803.3L493.3 797.4L495.5 799.8L496 796.5L499.7 793.7L510.2 791.8L515.2 793.3L520.1 792.9L528 790.2L549.5 788.2L562.8 778.2L568 776.2ZM782.8 537.7L779.8 539.2L776.4 538.5L776.1 543.9L771 540.6L771.1 535.3L776.9 528.4L780.1 529.7ZM467.4 823.4L464.9 823.7L467.4 816.5L472 813.2L473.6 813.9L473.1 818.6ZM660.7 759.4L646.2 763.1L643.9 760.7L647.5 759.6L652.1 754L655.1 753.3L659.9 756.5ZM622.3 750.7L619.7 752.8L616.8 752.4L620.2 741.1L622.8 738.6ZM688.7 767.7L684.6 768.9L675.3 766.2L684.2 763L685.4 757.8ZM615.7 751.2L614.3 752.6L613.7 749L614.8 744.8L615.8 744.7ZM470.3 886.6L464.1 897.9L463.9 895.7L471.6 881.6ZM759.9 547.9L757.9 549.4L755.8 548.9L755.7 545.2L757.1 543.4Z","name":"United States of America"},{"d":"M0 0L136.4 0L138.6 8.5L135.8 11.8L126.5 17.8L117.1 28.3L120.1 27.7L136.7 14.6L142.5 12.9L156.4 16.4L170.5 24.6L180.2 37L190.4 47L196.1 55.4L190.6 43.8L181 34L176 26.3L178.2 11.6L185.8 0L209.6 0L214.2 5.7L219.5 22.6L221.9 8.8L223.5 5.4L228.5 0L1000 0L1000 90.5L994 92.4L976.2 89.5L957.3 92L940.8 90.3L936.2 88.6L910.3 93.2L900.1 90.6L891.2 97.6L885.1 96.1L871.7 96.7L868.9 100.5L865.1 101L858.8 107.7L848.3 113.1L832.9 142.5L831.5 153.8L825.7 161.5L789.7 168.4L777.8 172.8L781.1 176.4L777.2 179.1L770.9 180.2L764.1 183.4L759.6 187.1L757.5 192.2L743.8 200.5L728 219.6L720.4 233.6L711.2 243.8L704.7 247.7L700 248.3L695.3 247.1L687.5 242.3L681.7 241.8L667.4 235.1L634 228.5L639 231L643.4 235.1L661.2 236.1L679.9 244.4L689 247.2L694.6 249.7L699.3 255.3L692.5 275.2L687.8 282.1L671.7 299.9L664 305.9L650.4 327.1L628.9 343.3L620.9 352.9L595.1 362.1L588.7 361.1L580.9 367.1L571.6 370.7L568.9 376.2L546.6 391.1L538.1 392.9L530.8 396.9L528.7 403.6L522.2 407.7L514.9 420.1L504.8 432.3L492.4 434.3L482.6 445.3L475.3 450L460.7 447.8L464.2 450.7L477.3 455.1L478.6 461.7L472.1 463.3L458.4 472.1L440 487.3L432.2 487.3L424.9 489.9L415.3 495.2L403.6 504.7L383.1 525.3L378.6 531.4L364.2 539.8L362.4 544.5L347.7 558.3L329 590.5L242.9 590.3L229.1 590.8L222.5 593.9L205.4 602.6L211.3 616.8L210.9 629.7L212.9 633L213 636.3L217.3 640.5L218.9 644.4L217.6 647.8L212.5 652.5L148.8 685.2L94.7 696.9L33.6 737L20.4 737L2.6 725.2L0 720.5L0 690.7L11.1 683.7L17.6 675.6L28.1 665.8L31.1 657.2L35.3 632.2L49.5 594.8L27.8 461.6L0 443.5ZM838.7 474.9L832.1 472.6L828.6 476.1L825.9 474.6L820.4 466.9L822.7 459.3L819.3 452.1L819.6 450.1L822.9 447.8L823.5 445.2L822.5 442.4L813.9 441.1L805.5 436.1L803 433.1L804.9 418.1L804 416.2L802.8 331.4L787.6 317L780.3 311.7L773.8 311.8L772.8 313.9L749.1 322.4L743.4 321.8L737.5 317.1L736.7 312.3L737.4 305.6L727.3 302.9L687.1 359.5L684 379.5L678.1 387L674.5 393.8L671.5 408.3L671.9 419.7L666.1 427.5L665.4 432.3L656.2 439.3L650.6 446.3L651.3 455.5L650.1 456.9L645.5 457.3L643.5 460.2L643.5 464.3L642 467.3L640.3 467.9L637 462.6L635 462.3L627.9 467.9L624.4 468.1L617.7 465.9L612.9 472.6L607.7 487.1L440 487.3L447.5 484.5L463.1 473.5L474.6 469.5L489.6 458L500.5 455.7L502.5 453.2L505.4 440.2L510.4 430.8L516.5 422.9L521.4 411.9L530.3 404.9L543.8 399L556.3 386.2L569.8 379.5L572.5 374.3L576.6 371.3L587.6 365.2L599.7 363.6L621.2 355.9L627 351.2L635.3 348.7L660.2 335.2L667.1 328.9L676.1 315.9L683.9 309.3L686.6 302.3L697.9 290.9L709.5 275.9L715.3 265.1L724 259.1L740.8 242L749.8 235.2L753.4 234.4L763.6 228.3L770 222L780.1 215.6L798.5 207.8L815.7 198.4L839 190.3L866.3 178.1L888.4 171.6L903.9 170.7L922.8 167.7L959 173.2L973.1 179.8L989.2 193.5L991.6 197.1L991.9 202.2L983.4 199.7L975.9 199.5L981.1 202.4L990 210.8L989.6 221.3L984.6 230.9L969.6 235.6L965.8 239.3L962.7 245.5L959.7 247.9L952.5 250.6L948.5 254.7L936.7 261L931.4 261.8L925.3 260.3L910.7 254.3L901.6 248.5L893.4 254.9L884.7 253.8L880.7 255.3L874.2 253.7L860.8 260.9L864.6 261.8L875.2 257.6L878.9 258.1L886.7 263.5L905.7 269.3L910.6 273.1L915.3 285.4L918.4 287.4L924.9 286.1L932.3 280L938.4 276.8L950.3 274.1L947.9 278.2L957 277.8L966 283.3L958.1 294.9L955 310L945.8 320.1L933.6 330L940.3 333.9L948.1 331L953.4 331.2L959.2 333.1L955.3 346L960 360.2L964.8 362.3L966.7 374.2L969.2 380.7L968.9 385.9L973.6 389.3L974.5 394.6L991.8 396.1L995.3 398.2L1000 399L1000 522.6L997.6 526.1L994.1 518.6L987.9 521.4L985.1 529.3L988.4 537.6L985.3 540.7L983 539.9L978.3 548.7L972.5 552L966.6 561L959.5 567.9L957.6 572.5L945.8 583.1L938 583.1L933 587.5L932.3 596.4L927.8 595.5L926.7 598.3L925 598.8L920.7 596.1L915.6 597.6L911.6 595.6L903.7 578L898.9 576.5L895.8 582L891.2 576.6L887.7 556.7L887.6 551.8L892.6 535.1L904.7 520L900.8 519.5L890.1 529.9L896.6 520.5L902.1 516.5L914.5 513.8L923 507.7L924 505.6L912.1 510.3L915.8 505.6L955.5 478.6L963.4 474.1L979.3 468.4L981.5 464.7L979.4 462.3L985.5 464.4L984.1 469.8L984.3 477.3L990.6 479.1L995.8 485.9L993.3 476.6L1000 470.6L1000 457.2L985.2 458.4L971.4 456.9L967.1 458.9L963.7 463.3L954.9 459.5L959.4 452L973.5 440.7L984.5 428.9L986.4 425L977.6 427.2L969.7 416.6L969.2 419.1L971.7 426.6L962 439.7L955.7 440.7L947.3 446.8L935.5 452.1L921.7 462.3L903.9 470.9L900.1 470.9L892 463.9L896.4 456.3L888.2 462.5L892.1 468.4L890.2 470.6L874.7 480.4L870.9 476.9L860.6 481.4L851.9 482.6L850 480.3L849.5 476.7L846.5 475.8L840.8 476.8ZM1000 134.4L979.8 125.5L977.4 121.1L983.3 118.2L990.1 116.8L1000 118ZM1000 381.7L997.1 380.7L997.3 370.5L995.8 367.6L990.5 365.3L982.5 364.6L981.7 360.8L984.3 354.9L991.2 345L1000 336L1000 351.3L998.3 354.5L1000 356.3ZM976.2 271.1L974.9 276.6L970.3 281.2L966.9 281.1L968.2 278.1L968.1 272.9L973.2 272.7ZM977.9 265.7L971.8 269.6L976.6 261.6L977.6 262.1ZM883.4 540.7L880.7 543.3L881.4 540.8L884.6 534.2L886.7 533.2ZM857.7 511.5L850.6 515.5L853.4 505.3L855.6 502.2L858.6 503.3ZM500 452.4L496 453.9L489.1 452.6L479.3 454.5L485 448.9L493.7 445.5L502.4 435L504.8 434.8ZM493.3 443.7L486.9 445.3L484.7 444.6L491.7 437.2L499.7 435.5ZM633.6 347.2L628.8 347.8L630 345.2L641.3 337.9L644.1 338L639.5 343.7Z","name":"Canada"}],"credit":"Base map: Natural Earth (public domain). Locations: Ohmega, from today's developments; approximate.","disputed":[],"height":900,"labels":[{"key":false,"name":"United States of America","r":148.3,"x":332.3,"y":741.8},{"key":true,"name":"Canada","r":249.4,"x":250,"y":298.9}],"lakes":[{"d":"M0 691.9L0 708.3L7.5 712.1L12.9 712.8L22.8 709.8L26.9 712.6L29.8 717.7L32.4 708.3L35.1 704.9L48.3 695.9L60 692.5L63.3 689L62.7 693.4L63.7 693.3L66.8 685L70.9 679.1L88 665.4L96 663.6L107.2 662.9L118.4 664.4L137 669.6L156.9 671.6L158.6 671.1L156.3 669.8L138.1 666.6L141.1 661.9L150.3 654.6L175.2 648.2L183.2 648.6L194.1 646.6L211.4 648L218.5 643.3L212.3 636L210.9 629.7L220 633.3L218.4 637.8L220.8 652.7L214.8 657.8L203.4 671L177.4 690.1L144.3 709.6L116.2 720.6L97.3 729.8L85.8 737.3L71.3 749.3L50.3 750.7L31.5 757.8L22.9 752.6L21.3 753.6L13.5 752.7L6.3 754.6L2.7 753.5L19.9 748.5L13.1 744.2L8.8 747.3L6.1 747L0 742.3ZM214.9 638.3L216.5 638.5L218.8 633.6L215.1 632.9L213.7 633.8L213.8 637.4ZM23.2 731.6L23.8 729.8L22.3 725.6L20.7 732.4Z"},{"d":"M383.3 526.3L383.9 528.2L380.9 532.8L359.6 548.9L353.6 554.7L356 559.4L363 556.7L364 559.2L362 562.4L368.4 562.7L361.7 572L359.7 572.3L359.9 570.5L357.2 572.4L357 574L360.7 580.8L361.5 594.5L359.9 596.3L352.4 597.5L347.3 599.6L341.6 603.6L334.2 611.9L333.1 611.4L325.6 614.1L321.5 617.8L320.8 616.8L315.4 616.1L305.3 615.5L291.7 617.6L286.7 616.7L282.4 613.4L275.5 610.8L257.8 608L242.9 608.6L230.7 610.5L211.6 616.2L196.7 622.8L186.7 621.9L176.2 618.7L173.8 615L184.5 594.3L189.2 589.9L193.6 589.2L198.5 585.9L211.2 575L231.8 569.9L243.5 569L257.2 565.2L276 561.8L281.4 561.9L283.7 559.3L290.7 560.8L289.7 562.1L293.1 565.4L305.9 565.3L303 566.6L305.5 568.5L309.6 566.6L308 570.2L308.6 571.9L311.6 572.6L316.7 571.4L325.9 566.9L326.4 565.3L317.3 566.2L318.3 563.6L323.2 559.7L326.8 555.1L317.4 559L314.2 559.2L313.4 556.7L315.2 551.5L313.5 549.7L305.3 552.2L304.3 553.1L305.1 554.8L304 555.3L302.1 554.8L303.1 551.9L302.1 551.2L288.8 556.3L290.8 553.3L302.4 549.3L311.8 549.1L316.5 547.2L318.5 547.9L317.8 550.9L319 551.2L324.1 547.8L325 548.6L316.6 554.6L317.4 557.3L320 557.1L336 546.3L350.7 542.9L375.2 531.8L381 525.9ZM336 552.3L338.3 547.7L332.1 549.7L329.6 552.1L333.7 553.1ZM359.7 545.2L360.2 543.6L349.5 545.6L346.7 549.2L346.7 553L349.9 553.5L352.9 550.9L354.8 547Z"},{"d":"M0.1 692L0.8 688.4L9.3 683.1L11 673.7L15.5 666.7L14.4 664.7L15.3 662.8L20.6 660.4L22.6 661.1L23.4 671.9L24.5 673.3L34 675.3L35 681.8L34.2 685.1L32.4 687.2L25.7 689L11.1 687.5L5.7 688.1Z"},{"d":"M0 398.5L18.9 397.1L23.2 399.7L38.3 398.1L40 400.4L46.4 402.6L68.8 404.8L69.1 408.3L76.9 403.7L80.7 405.8L80.8 407L75.6 409.6L77.9 411.7L76.3 414.3L77.9 415.1L85.7 413L96.8 414.6L100.2 411.4L100.9 416L104.2 417L118.9 416.3L124.4 423.2L135 443.4L136.3 444.4L138.5 443.8L139.3 440.7L140.1 441.1L141.4 444.6L141.6 453.2L143.5 457.7L147.6 460.6L152.5 461.8L152.6 457.9L157 458.1L158.9 459.5L159.2 465L156 468.2L155.5 470.9L156.2 472.6L159.3 472.3L161.5 476.1L160.7 477.4L157.5 478.1L157.3 479.4L164.7 486.3L167 490.9L170.9 492.4L173.9 501.2L175.9 500.2L175.9 497.9L177.8 497L178 498.2L177.2 503.3L178.8 505L176.7 505.5L171 505L165.8 501.7L165.6 497.9L162 498.4L156.2 502.1L156.2 504.5L160.7 509.4L162 513.7L161.4 519.8L159.9 523.8L157.4 525.9L150 524.4L137.7 519.3L130.7 514.7L126.6 508.1L120.3 510.1L114 516.3L113.2 515.2L114.8 504.1L111.2 502L102.4 504.9L109 496.9L110.7 489.9L107.6 490.9L105.4 494.1L102.3 493.8L102 490L99.8 489.6L99.1 487.4L95.6 485.5L95.4 481.5L92.9 475.9L94.3 469.5L78 468L72.6 468.8L72.2 470.9L78.3 475.2L85.6 486.5L87.4 488.6L90.6 489.3L90.5 494.3L94.7 503.4L94.7 514.3L88.1 528.1L79.6 535.7L77.3 543.7L72.1 552.8L70.8 558.1L71.8 602.1L68 613.1L47.2 631.2L34.8 636.3L32.5 631.6L21.9 573.6L19.1 567.2L15.3 562.4L6.9 557.6L0 560.9ZM6.1 425.1L7.5 426.8L18 427.9L23.8 429.7L39.7 436.4L51.9 443.3L53.8 445.5L66.1 435.8L69.3 435.3L63.8 441.8L60.8 442.3L57.9 444.9L63 447.5L65.8 446.6L69.6 443.3L78.1 428.3L73.3 427.5L72.6 426.5L74.3 422.2L73.8 420.4L72.6 420.6L67 431.9L65.2 428.5L65.1 421.2L63.1 420.7L61.5 415.5L59.9 414.2L53.9 416L49.2 422.4L47.5 422.3L44.3 416.7L42.6 417.4L41.2 414.6L39.3 414L35.7 414.8L32.4 417.6L29 417.2L26.2 420.5L27.3 423.2L29.4 424L28.8 427.2L22 423.2L16.5 423.3L13.5 419.4L13.6 414.4L12.3 413.3L6 416.7L2.3 415.8L0 416.5L0 423.3ZM71.8 448.2L65.7 450.3L65.5 452.2L67.9 452.7ZM152.8 502.9L152.8 497.8L149.4 497.8L150.5 500.9Z"},{"d":"M535.1 26.7L530.5 29.9L523.8 37.9L505.7 53.1L509.1 45.7L516.1 39.3L519.9 32.4L521.9 32.4L522.9 30.9L522.3 26.8L520.7 25.8L509 38.1L499.7 50L496.7 50.8L487.8 68L486.9 75.2L488.4 83.4L485.5 82.2L487.8 94.9L486.8 96.8L476.8 103.6L473.3 109.4L469.3 109.8L465.7 108.3L466.8 106.9L472.1 105.7L476.6 99.3L483.6 96.3L486.3 93.9L485.9 91.9L483.6 90.4L482.6 86.2L483.7 84L485.7 64.7L481.7 71.8L480.8 78.3L477.1 76.8L471.7 82.7L470.3 82.4L485.4 46L481.9 45.3L482.9 39.1L496.1 31.8L509.9 19.6L526.3 8.3L530.6 7.9L530.6 9.3L526.3 13.8L527.7 14.4L535.6 11.1L540.8 11.1L537.6 14.8L526.3 22.2L525 24.2L526 25.6L527.7 26L539.7 19.3L544.4 18.6L546.1 19.6Z"},{"d":"M385.3 620.7L386.1 622.2L382.7 624.1L374.3 624.4L367.1 619.8L367.1 618.6L379.4 619Z"},{"d":"M510.2 551.5L508.5 558.6L511.1 579.1L510.5 580.9L506.1 556.4L506.5 548.2L511.2 541.5L506.5 514.8L508.8 504.5L509.7 492.4L511.6 486.3L512.8 485.5L514.8 494.2L519.1 486L522.1 482.2L524.4 481.8L525.2 484.2L524 486.9L519.7 490.9L520.8 493.7L518.6 518.6L516 522L516.4 524.6L517.8 525.6L517.9 529.3L515.6 532.9Z"},{"d":"M579.5 228.6L573.7 226.6L569.7 219.5L566.3 216.2L565 212.5L567.1 207.6L574.1 206L582.4 208.4L590.5 213.2L594.2 216.9L593.9 223.8L591.7 227L586.4 229.3Z"},{"d":"M316.5 664.3L313.9 673.6L309.5 680.7L308.9 679.8L311.8 670L313.6 670L315.5 664Z"},{"d":"M325.9 681.4L324.3 678.2L321.1 646.8L325.8 661.4Z"},{"d":"M344.8 675L344.4 675.9L337.1 667.4L331.5 654.3L333.5 641.9L337.2 662.5Z"},{"d":"M138.3 391.5L143.7 391.2L148.6 393.9L154.1 393.3L155.7 391.8L154.4 390L155.3 388.4L159.1 386.7L169.4 387.2L180.1 385.8L188.5 389.3L191.5 395L188.8 398.8L184.3 400.2L173.8 396.7L162.6 400.6L161.5 400.2L162.3 397.7L161.1 395.2L158.6 394.3L146.4 395.8Z"},{"d":"M449.3 228.1L447.1 230.7L443.7 231.6L441.2 235.8L440.2 231.1L431.7 220.6L427.6 219.5L426.3 223.7L427.7 226.1L426.8 235.3L420.4 237.1L417.4 241L419.5 226.8L422.5 224.1L424.3 220.3L423.7 216.7L421 217.9L416 223.2L415.5 231.5L410.6 232L407 229.9L402.9 229.8L409.9 217.8L415.2 217.5L421.5 209.7L426.3 210.6L437.2 204.6L444.1 202.5L447.9 202.4L449.8 205.9L446.8 214.7L448.1 217L451.7 219.1L455.6 218.5L457.8 226.2L460.7 228.9L472 234.7L464.8 236.6L452.9 227.3L450.4 226.6Z"},{"d":"M305.8 651.5L300.9 661L300.6 657.6L305.3 645.5L306.7 646.9Z"},{"d":"M346.9 654.9L344.4 649.9L343.3 645.3L343.9 643.5Z"},{"d":"M357.8 653.6L349.6 644.3L349.8 640.6L352.6 646.1L356.7 650.2Z"},{"d":"M388.2 345.4L388 350.8L385.2 358.8L382.9 359L379.3 356L371.2 356.6L370.4 355.7L373.6 351.2L374.5 347L381 345L386 337.8Z"},{"d":"M952.2 543.7L949.1 550.3L945.1 551.5L941.1 551L939.9 549L940.4 545L943.3 542.4L944.9 542.2L946.2 545.6L947.6 545.8Z"},{"d":"M892.2 422.3L889.9 423.4L887.8 421.6L893.7 416.2L896.4 408.9L900.8 405.2L902 405.7L901.5 410.1L898.4 417Z"},{"d":"M683.3 154.6L680.3 150.8L680.3 145.2L679.3 143.3L672.6 139.6L669.1 143.4L670.2 148.4L668.9 149.8L662.9 147.8L660.4 156.8L657.5 152.2L653.9 152.7L650.7 155.6L648.8 154.5L646.1 147.4L644.6 146.9L642.6 148.2L638.1 157L636.9 157.2L643.7 140.7L649.9 148.3L656.8 144.7L664.3 136.4L669.6 137.4L671.5 135.1L671.4 131.5L667.7 121.1L670.8 122.9L675.1 135.2L678.5 136.3L680.4 134.5L682.3 135.9L686.6 142.9L690.1 146L692.9 146.7L695.7 152.2L698.9 162.2L695.1 161.9L692.7 151.6L690.3 148.8L686 150.3Z"},{"d":"M619.6 590L623.6 593.6L622.7 597.2L620.4 597.7L611.6 590.5L614 583.3L617.6 585.2Z"},{"d":"M190.9 539.4L188.2 545.6L186.2 536.2L183.7 532.2L191 524.4L193.8 517.4L194.8 510.3L196.5 514.9L203.3 522.5L205.9 528.9L203.8 533.8Z"},{"d":"M346.9 327.2L354.9 330L354.7 331.4L351.5 333.4L345.6 330.7L343.1 328.6L340.4 319.5L337.9 316.7L337 317.7L338.6 323.8L337 322.6L334.9 319.5L333.1 311L331 310.8L331.2 301.9L328.9 300.3L329.1 298.8L344.7 285.8L345 287.1L335.4 294.9L334.2 297.2L334.5 298.3L340.3 294.7L338.8 299.4L348 302L350.7 304.2L347.2 312.8L345 322.6Z"},{"d":"M779.2 7.7L781.9 14.7L780.9 17.7L774.1 26.5L769.1 28.6L758.9 38.3L753.8 58.9L753.6 43.5L751.5 37.3L747 30.6L732.3 17.1L730.9 13.3L732.9 0L777.9 0L779.4 2.7ZM764.4 8.2L762.2 3.4L763.1 1.6L769.7 9.4L772.1 10.1L771.8 0L739.6 0L734.8 6.9L735.3 10L739.3 16.7L747.2 22.8L756.7 25.9L761.3 25L768.1 21.6L771.7 18.4L771.4 16.3Z"},{"d":"M152.4 201.7L156.3 194.2L164.4 192.5L167.7 193.3L170.5 197L169.4 202.1L170.7 207.9L177.6 208.4L184.1 202.8L192.7 209L200.8 210.9L202.5 227.2L201.4 228.4L198 228.7L198.9 219.3L197.6 215.3L191.4 214L189.3 214.5L188.9 216.3L187.6 216.7L177.6 214.6L168.8 215.1L163.3 210.2L158.7 203.9L157.1 204.5Z"},{"d":"M808 435.7L813.7 439.8L817.2 439.4L820 436.4L821.6 442.1L818.3 443.4L812.3 442.5L804.3 437.4L799.9 432.2L803.8 430.7Z"},{"d":"M336.5 9.6L343 10.3L342.5 11.8L332.6 16L318.2 13L324.6 11L329 6.4Z"},{"d":"M234.6 31.8L238.1 35.1L224.3 30.3L223.5 26.2Z"},{"d":"M234 292.9L226.9 294.9L224.3 288.4L225.4 285.8L234.8 286.6L237 288.4L236.3 290.8Z"},{"d":"M305.2 293.3L307.2 296.4L312.8 295.6L316.1 299.5L321.5 300L323 301.1L321.4 304.5L313.3 301.8L309.8 303.4L310.9 308.4L310 310L305.9 311.6L304.4 308.7L305.3 302.9L302.6 294.6L304.4 291.6Z"}],"locator":{"d":"M117 62L114 60L118 59ZM117 59L113 60L112 57L113 56L117 57L116 55L117 55L119 56ZM129 41L124 43L124 42L124 40L127 40ZM160 38L159 39L161 43L158 45L160 42L157 38ZM67 45L64 50L63 47L59 45L61 43ZM139 27L141 27L139 27L137 29L133 26L131 27L131 25L136 26L138 27ZM70 69L68 69L68 67ZM28 19L25 17L19 16L16 17L17 16L9 20L13 17L10 17L10 16L8 16L11 14L7 14L11 13L7 12L13 10L22 11L22 16ZM58 25L62 24L63 25L59 27L58 29L58 28L57 29L58 30L55 33L55 36L54 33L51 33L47 33L46 36L41 32L33 31L31 28L31 23L51 23L54 25L54 27ZM99 21L97 21L98 20L97 19L97 17L101 21ZM131 36L131 37L129 37ZM121 24L116 25L116 23L112 23L114 21L119 21L122 22ZM119 51L116 51L117 48L119 48ZM131 27L133 26L137 29L135 30L132 29L130 29L129 28L130 27L129 27ZM123 27L125 28L125 29L116 30L115 29L116 27ZM106 32L105 33L105 29L106 29ZM156 39L159 41L157 43L156 43L156 47L155 45L155 43L154 40ZM118 55L116 54L117 51L122 53L122 56L119 56ZM138 29L139 27L138 28L142 29ZM120 30L124 29L120 32ZM106 17L109 12L113 12L113 13L110 15L111 17L109 19L107 19ZM119 48L116 48L113 45L118 43ZM119 45L118 43L117 45L113 45L112 43L114 38L120 38L121 40ZM99 26L102 27L99 30L96 29L97 27L95 26ZM116 62L118 65L117 67L114 69L110 69L109 66L111 66L111 64L112 65ZM123 51L123 48L128 43ZM127 44L127 46L124 44ZM93 42L93 43L91 43L92 43L90 42L92 41ZM129 39L124 41L119 34L122 32L127 34L131 38ZM0 12L6 13L0 14ZM173 26L175 23L173 23L169 20L165 22L155 21L154 22L149 23L144 22L143 20L138 19L134 20L134 22L126 22L127 24L126 25L126 27L120 25L122 22L118 21L117 19L115 18L117 17L115 16L118 15L116 12L123 12L118 13L121 15L125 13L124 12L126 13L134 11L138 12L137 11L140 9L141 12L138 13L140 13L142 12L144 12L141 12L142 10L146 11L145 9L158 7L163 8L158 10L169 9L173 11L178 10L188 11L189 12L199 11L200 14L197 14L200 15L191 17L191 19L187 22L187 19L192 15L178 18L175 20L179 20L178 23ZM131 9L132 11L129 10ZM179 20L180 23L179 24ZM116 25L116 26L113 26L111 24L115 23ZM95 27L97 27L96 29ZM113 21L113 23L111 23L108 22L108 20L113 20ZM167 40L169 43L167 42ZM170 45L170 47L168 46ZM61 52L59 54L62 57L61 60L58 58L55 53L56 53L58 50ZM68 61L70 63L69 65L67 65L68 64L65 62L66 61ZM178 55L178 51L184 56L180 54ZM143 30L139 35L139 36L134 36L135 35L134 33L137 33L140 30ZM129 41L129 39L131 39L131 36L133 38ZM111 12L107 15L106 17L103 17L104 16L103 15L110 11L117 11ZM109 6L112 6L109 7L108 7L109 6L106 6ZM171 29L170 29L169 28L172 26ZM108 42L106 46L103 48L102 46L102 42ZM108 42L103 42L102 44L100 42L107 37L109 39ZM54 42L53 44L51 43ZM196 73L195 75L192 76ZM196 69L199 71L197 73ZM149 35L144 34L145 33ZM113 60L112 60L111 66L109 66L107 60ZM117 62L118 59L117 58L119 58L120 60L119 56L122 56L123 59L119 61L120 64L118 65ZM99 30L99 32L91 38L97 30ZM95 35L93 36L93 38L91 38ZM149 23L154 22L155 21L165 22L164 23L167 24L158 27L154 26ZM35 32L44 33L46 36L47 40L49 40L52 38L51 40L49 40L49 42L43 40L37 33L36 32L36 33L39 37ZM93 42L91 41L91 38L93 38L93 36L95 35L97 36L96 36L97 41ZM94 43L94 41L97 41L96 36L102 39L102 41L99 42L97 44ZM156 46L157 47L158 49ZM165 48L164 49L161 49L165 46L166 47ZM118 58L118 55L120 58L120 60ZM128 57L128 59L125 64L124 60ZM113 20L112 19L115 19ZM105 33L106 32L111 33L112 32L114 32L114 39L106 36ZM115 19L112 19L114 18L115 18ZM157 38L160 42L158 42L158 40L156 40ZM139 28L141 27L139 27L140 26L145 27ZM119 51L120 47L123 48L122 53ZM139 27L138 27L133 25L131 25L131 27L129 27L128 25L129 24L127 24L126 22L128 21L134 22L134 20L138 19L143 20L144 22L149 23L144 25L145 27ZM180 25L181 26L178 27L179 25ZM178 27L178 30L173 31L177 29ZM104 24L108 24L107 25L110 28L109 29ZM124 29L126 30L127 33L122 32ZM130 29L134 30L134 33L135 35L134 36L129 35L125 31L125 28ZM154 47L158 50L159 53ZM169 49L167 50L169 50L167 51L168 52L167 51L166 53L167 49ZM161 49L164 49L165 48L166 49L164 52L161 52ZM178 51L178 55L173 51ZM138 37L139 36L139 35L142 32L141 31L143 30L146 35L154 34L152 38L151 36L149 35L149 38L145 41L143 46L141 38L139 38ZM91 13L92 14L90 15L86 14ZM112 23L112 24L109 24ZM54 42L52 43L50 42ZM66 47L67 46L69 49L67 49ZM94 45L92 44L92 43L95 43L96 45ZM115 27L113 28L113 29L112 30L113 29L112 27ZM100 44L101 47L98 47L98 44ZM105 24L103 21L105 20L105 19L108 20L108 22L107 22L108 23ZM124 27L122 26L125 26L126 27ZM107 49L108 51L106 52L105 50ZM104 24L104 26L101 26L99 26L99 24L97 23L101 22ZM113 13L111 12L116 11L118 15L113 17L112 15ZM120 47L118 46L121 42L127 46L122 48ZM115 18L113 17L116 17ZM120 42L121 40L124 43ZM120 38L114 38L114 33L119 33L119 35L118 34ZM58 50L55 52L56 50ZM83 4L88 4L83 4L87 5L94 5L89 6L88 7L90 7L87 7L89 9L85 9L88 9L85 10L88 11L85 10L84 11L88 11L78 14L76 17L72 15L70 13L72 13L70 13L72 12L70 12L72 12L70 11L71 10L69 10L67 8L60 7L66 4ZM55 37L59 39L53 38ZM108 25L111 25L109 25L110 26ZM96 44L99 45L98 47L96 48ZM117 55L116 55L116 57L112 56L112 54L107 53L109 52L111 47L115 47L117 49L116 51ZM106 52L108 51L107 49L110 48L109 52ZM60 43L59 45L63 47L63 49L61 49L61 52L56 49L57 45ZM160 38L158 37L156 38L153 34L149 35L145 33L141 28L145 27L144 25L148 23L154 26L161 26L167 24L164 23L167 21L170 21L173 23L175 23L173 26L165 28L168 29L166 31L168 34L165 37ZM61 60L63 63L59 78L62 79L60 80L59 79L59 77L58 76L60 75ZM113 39L113 44L109 46L107 42L108 37ZM113 45L115 47L111 47L109 49L108 47L109 46L112 44ZM28 19L22 16L22 11L29 11L40 13L41 12L40 12L46 12L47 13L48 12L46 11L47 10L51 13L52 11L55 12L53 13L49 13L51 14L48 14L50 15L47 16L48 18L54 19L56 22L56 20L57 19L57 15L59 15L61 16L62 18L64 17L66 19L68 20L66 20L69 21L61 23L54 27L54 25L51 23L32 23L28 20ZM36 10L41 9L44 11L37 12L35 11L38 11L34 10ZM33 9L36 9L33 10L30 10L31 9ZM61 4L66 4L56 6L59 6L55 8L50 7L54 7L51 7L55 6L52 5L57 5L49 5ZM44 9L46 10L43 10ZM53 14L55 15L52 15ZM49 5L53 6L49 6L46 5ZM48 7L56 8L49 9L46 7ZM48 9L50 9L47 10ZM63 25L62 24L58 25L64 23L63 23L66 25L64 26L65 25ZM69 21L68 22L70 23L71 24L67 24ZM52 11L55 9L66 13L62 13L64 15L62 15L63 16L57 14L60 13L58 11L51 11L52 11L50 9L53 9ZM105 47L108 43L109 49L106 49ZM160 42L159 44L157 44L157 42ZM156 39L154 40L155 44L154 41L152 41L151 38L154 34ZM101 44L97 44L100 42L101 43ZM116 27L113 27L112 26L116 26ZM63 49L66 47L67 49L71 48L72 49L71 51L74 50L80 53L77 62L73 64L70 69L68 67L70 65L68 62L68 59L64 55L61 56L59 54L61 52L61 49ZM114 60L116 62L111 65L112 60ZM61 60L61 56L64 55L68 60L62 63ZM101 47L100 44L102 43ZM118 21L113 21L116 19L117 19ZM149 38L149 35L151 36L151 38L150 37ZM127 29L125 27L127 27ZM180 57L185 64L183 71L179 71L176 70L177 68L175 69L173 67L164 69L163 62L167 61L170 58L172 58L173 56L176 57L175 58L178 60ZM68 67L68 71L64 73L65 74L62 76L63 77L62 78L62 79L60 79L59 78L62 64L65 62L68 64L67 65L70 64ZM113 56L112 57L113 60L107 60L108 56L107 53L112 54ZM105 29L105 35L107 37L103 39L102 39L95 35L99 32L99 30ZM137 29L142 29L137 33L134 33L134 30ZM68 85L64 87L66 90L66 91L57 93L60 93L55 93L57 94L53 93L66 96L87 94L80 94L90 92L94 89L122 89L130 87L139 88L137 91L147 87L175 87L195 90L189 92L193 94L188 95L200 97L200 100L0 100L0 97L13 97L3 96L11 96L15 96L13 95L18 95L12 93L36 91L45 92L43 90L62 91L63 90L63 87ZM75 94L76 95L70 95ZM61 88L62 90L58 90L61 90L60 88Z","height":100,"rect":{"h":6.7,"w":10.6,"x":53.8,"y":21.4},"width":200},"points":[{"date":"2026-10-29","label":"Montreal","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"n":1,"verification":"researched","x":500,"y":450},{"date":"2026-10-29","label":"Montreal","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"n":2,"verification":"researched","x":500,"y":450},{"date":"2026-10-30","label":"Montreal","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"n":3,"verification":"researched","x":500,"y":450},{"date":"2026-10-30","label":"Montreal","lat":45.5017,"lon":-73.5673,"n":4,"verification":"researched","x":500,"y":450}],"projection":"equirectangular","rivers":[{"d":"M274.3 725.2L267 729L262.6 729.8L256.7 728.4L249.6 721.8L247.7 717L248.5 711.7L244.9 708.2L236.9 706.5L231.6 704.4L229 701.8L225.1 703.1L220 708.1L216.8 713.8L215.6 720.2L211.3 724L203.9 725.1L198.2 728.4L192.5 738.9L192.6 744.8L190.6 749.7L187.4 751.6L177.7 754.1L171.8 759.6L172.9 761.2L170.6 765.1L171.5 767.8L178.6 776L181.6 782.7L182.7 786.7L181.8 788.2L186.9 792.2L187.4 794.7L185.9 800.8L177.7 814.9L170.8 823.7L162.3 829"},{"d":"M473.3 555.1L473.9 561.5L473.1 564L469.3 566.9L467.9 573.1L478.8 582.5L483.1 588.1L485.7 594.4L486.2 599.7L484.5 603.8L484.2 608.9L485.3 614.9L488.8 617.1L494.6 615.3L497.4 620.2L497.1 637.6L491.5 659.1L489.5 671.8L489.2 683.1L486.8 692.7L482.5 700.7L480.2 711.1L480 730.2L478.1 744.6L478.8 768.9"},{"d":"M211.3 616.8L210.9 629.7"},{"d":"M162.3 829L154 823.5L150.1 818.8L147.9 813.1L143.8 811.2L128.3 817.4L127.2 820.4L130.1 829.2L130.2 835.3L126.7 848.7L116 882.5L115.9 887.8L111.2 894.8L105.6 900"},{"d":"M324.7 420.7L328.8 421.7L337.1 439.4L343 447L350.4 450.4L357.9 451.3L365.7 449.8L372.1 451.4L377.2 456.1L391.8 453.8L431.8 439.5L439.6 438.8L446.9 440.2L460.7 447.8M300 407.9L305.2 416.1L311.4 419.3L324.7 420.7M283.7 398.6L299.9 407.9M205.7 350.6L213.7 367.1L219.5 376.1L225.9 383.1L242.8 389.6L283.7 398.6"},{"d":"M249.9 889.7L257.5 886.2L261.8 886.8L265.6 890.3L274.6 892.6L273.7 894.4L278.1 900"},{"d":"M329.1 298.8L325.3 297.2L323.7 297.7L323 301.1M302.6 294.6L295.5 295.9M224.3 288.4L215.1 296.1L210.8 297.3L208.5 294.8L202.6 293.7L188.4 294.4M290.9 287.3L291.8 281.8M289.7 275.4L286.9 276.3L281.2 282.7L275.7 283.1L270.5 278.4L266.8 278.8L264.5 284.5L260.3 286L249 280.3L243.4 273L243.6 269.9L241.5 268L237 267.2L233.3 268.3L230.3 271L228.8 275.9L228.9 286.3"},{"d":"M434.2 6.7L446.3 1.7L451.5 0.9L453.9 2.6L459.5 3.1L463.8 7.3L468.4 9.4L473.4 9.8L479 8.6L483 11.4L485.3 18.4L485.8 24.5L484.6 29.9L487 32.4L496.1 31.8M414 4.2L412.8 0M382.3 0L343 10.3M228.5 0.3L243 7.9L258.7 10.4L282.1 11.1L303.6 9.2L323.2 5L329 6.5"},{"d":"M234.3 900L236.8 897.7L240.9 897.6L245.6 890.5L249.9 889.7"},{"d":"M673.6 398.9L679.1 384.6L683.6 381.1L686.8 375.5L689.6 374.1L693.1 374.9L694.8 373.8L694.5 370.8L701.8 360.2L726.3 331.6L735 328.5L737.5 329.5L757.5 318.6L772.8 313.9L773.8 311.8L780.3 311.7L787.6 317L803.5 332.1L807.8 338.8L808.5 347.5L807.1 360.4L808.3 368.8L813.7 375.8L812.9 378L816.5 388.1L817.5 395.6L816.6 404.5L819.1 410.3L824.9 413.2L829.9 414.3L834 413.8L838.8 415.3L844.2 419.1L848.7 419.2L855.9 414L861.8 413.8L870.3 420.2L877.1 423.3L885.1 425.1L890.9 430.8L895 445L886.3 459.2L886.4 461L888.2 462.5"},{"d":"M34.8 636.3L31.1 657.2L28.1 665.8L22.8 670.8"},{"d":"M440 487.3L432.2 487.3L424.9 489.9L415.3 495.2L403.6 504.7L383.1 525.3"},{"d":"M530.3 399.3L525.7 400.6L522.1 403.4L520.5 407.3L521.2 409.3"}],"scale":{"km":200,"label":"200 km","px":134.7},"version":2,"width":1000},"name":"EU-Canada Association Without Accession","numbers":{"actors":[{"iso2":"EU","leaders":{},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":null,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":1913000,"year":2020},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":null,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":62.4866,"year":2023},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,45.9062],[2017,47.499],[2018,48.2835],[2019,48.606],[2020,45.8436],[2021,49.7171],[2022,55.2994],[2023,51.758],[2024,50.3675],[2025,49.6067]],"unit":"pct","value":49.6067,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":10538100000000,"year":2025},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":null,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":5.34008,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":null,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,13988200000000],[2017,14871300000000],[2018,16092400000000],[2019,15809100000000],[2020,15504100000000],[2021,17495300000000],[2022,17023600000000],[2023,18659300000000],[2024,19501100000000],[2025,21243200000000]],"unit":"usd","value":21243200000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":null,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.91998],[2017,2.81811],[2018,2.04642],[2019,1.87525],[2020,-5.57888],[2021,6.37774],[2022,3.56456],[2023,0.438009],[2024,1.08658],[2025,1.53795]],"unit":"pct","value":1.53795,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":null,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,31456.9],[2017,33394.6],[2018,36076.9],[2019,35374.1],[2020,34694.7],[2021,39207],[2022,38066.8],[2023,41566.9],[2024,43313.8],[2025,47089.2]],"unit":"usd","value":47089.2,"year":2025},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,41.5024],[2017,43.2581],[2018,44.5363],[2019,45.139],[2020,42.2211],[2021,45.9109],[2022,53.4329],[2023,48.1095],[2024,46.1095],[2025,45.8155]],"unit":"pct","value":45.8155,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":9732690000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":null,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,182635000000],[2017,194128000000],[2018,215278000000],[2019,217328000000],[2020,237694000000],[2021,262310000000],[2022,258986000000],[2023,305726000000],[2024,368504000000]],"unit":"usd","value":368504000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":null,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.30653],[2017,1.31409],[2018,1.33833],[2019,1.37438],[2020,1.53553],[2021,1.4992],[2022,1.52481],[2023,1.64488],[2024,1.90098]],"unit":"pct","value":1.90098,"year":2024},"population":{"label":"Population","of":null,"rank":null,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,444677000],[2017,445321000],[2018,446058000],[2019,446910000],[2020,446871000],[2021,446228000],[2022,447204000],[2023,448898000],[2024,450228000],[2025,451127000]],"unit":"people","value":451127000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":null,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":null,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":4.21904,"year":2025}},"name":"European Union","trade":{}},{"iso2":"CA","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Mark Carney","head_of_state":"Charles III"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":58,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":72000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":24,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":81.143,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":12,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":317.6,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":66,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.1],[2017,-2.8],[2018,-2.4],[2019,-2],[2020,-2],[2021,0],[2022,-0.5],[2023,-0.7],[2024,-0.5],[2025,-0.9],[2026,-0.2]],"unit":"pct","value":-0.2,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":118,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-89.6261,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":7,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":5631.26,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":7,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,4009.16],[2015,4021.45],[2016,3973.04],[2017,4026.64],[2018,4082.49],[2019,4059.99],[2020,3834.94],[2021,3861.98],[2022,3964.52],[2023,3887.86],[2024,3886.2]],"unit":"twh","value":3886.2,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":102,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,31.5025],[2017,31.4543],[2018,32.3254],[2019,32.3526],[2020,29.4736],[2021,31.1751],[2022,33.7212],[2023,33.3417],[2024,32.4691],[2025,31.3324]],"unit":"pct","value":31.3324,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":14,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":726880000000,"year":2025},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":84,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-0.5],[2017,-0.1],[2018,0.4],[2019,0],[2020,-10.9],[2021,-3.1],[2022,0.6],[2023,-0.2],[2024,-2.1],[2025,-1.8],[2026,-2.7]],"unit":"pct","value":-2.7,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":33,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":27.6974,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":5,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1285.35,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":5,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1941.59,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":10,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1528000000000],[2017,1649270000000],[2018,1725330000000],[2019,1743730000000],[2020,1655690000000],[2021,2022380000000],[2022,2200560000000],[2023,2196590000000],[2024,2270080000000],[2025,2319900000000]],"unit":"usd","value":2319900000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":143,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.03855],[2017,3.03383],[2018,2.74296],[2019,1.90843],[2020,-5.03823],[2021,5.95053],[2022,4.69542],[2023,1.95309],[2024,2.04627],[2025,1.74269]],"unit":"pct","value":1.74269,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":22,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,42314.1],[2017,45129.7],[2018,46539.2],[2019,46353],[2020,43537.9],[2021,52886.6],[2022,56496.9],[2023,54847.5],[2024,55015.7],[2025,55697.7]],"unit":"usd","value":55697.7,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":17,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,92.5],[2017,91],[2018,90.8],[2019,90.1],[2020,118.1],[2021,112.6],[2022,103.5],[2023,105.1],[2024,110],[2025,113.5],[2026,110.7]],"unit":"pct","value":110.7,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":115,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,33.8611],[2017,33.6466],[2018,34.2745],[2019,33.8187],[2020,31.6831],[2021,31.0718],[2022,33.232],[2023,33.2329],[2024,32.6524],[2025,32.1781]],"unit":"pct","value":32.1781,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":12,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":746500000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":16,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,17782800000],[2017,22269700000],[2018,22729300000],[2019,22394900000],[2020,23082800000],[2021,25362200000],[2022,25567900000],[2023,27227700000],[2024,29346900000]],"unit":"usd","value":29346900000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":96,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.16416],[2017,1.3519],[2018,1.31768],[2019,1.28451],[2020,1.39399],[2021,1.2542],[2022,1.16713],[2023,1.25317],[2024,1.31303]],"unit":"pct","value":1.31303,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":9,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1209.2,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":4,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":3372.07,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":31,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,0.5],[2017,1],[2018,1.75],[2019,1.75],[2020,0.25],[2021,0.25],[2022,4.25],[2023,5],[2024,3.25],[2025,2.25],[2026,2.25]],"unit":"pct","value":2.25,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":38,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,36110800],[2017,36545100],[2018,37072600],[2019,37618500],[2020,38028600],[2021,38239900],[2022,38950100],[2023,40049100],[2024,41262300],[2025,41651700]],"unit":"people","value":41651700,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":140,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":1.59859,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":26,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,82718100000],[2017,86677700000],[2018,83925600000],[2019,85297100000],[2020,90428100000],[2021,106615000000],[2022,106952000000],[2023,117551000000],[2024,119778000000],[2025,125627000000]],"unit":"usd","value":125627000000,"year":2025}},"name":"Canada","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":77.3,"value":438650000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":4,"value":22612200000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":2.1,"value":11737000000},{"iso2":"GB","name":"United Kingdom","share":2,"value":11282900000},{"iso2":"MX","name":"Mexico","share":1.2,"value":6571270000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":25.2,"value":142971000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":13.4,"value":75908600000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":10.3,"value":58360400000},{"name":"Metals","share":7.6,"value":42892400000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":6.9,"value":39042900000}],"total":567345000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":49.6,"value":276807000000},{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":11.8,"value":66087400000},{"iso2":"MX","name":"Mexico","share":6.1,"value":34224200000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":3.3,"value":18443500000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":2.7,"value":15331300000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":24.6,"value":137220000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":18.6,"value":104005000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":9.6,"value":53581200000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":8.2,"value":45561600000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":6.8,"value":38255400000}],"total":558529000000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"CN","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Li Qiang","head_of_state":"Xi Jinping"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":2535000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":25599.3,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":26245,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":41,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,1.7],[2017,1.5],[2018,0.2],[2019,0.7],[2020,1.6],[2021,1.9],[2022,2.4],[2023,1.4],[2024,2.2],[2025,3.7],[2026,3.5]],"unit":"pct","value":3.5,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":72,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":23.9618,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":1,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":31204.8,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":1,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,34729.1],[2015,35136],[2016,35277.7],[2017,36649.4],[2018,38409.8],[2019,40188.7],[2020,41493.9],[2021,43847.2],[2022,44516.5],[2023,47072],[2024,48987.1]],"unit":"twh","value":48987.1,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":134,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,19.2037],[2017,19.3356],[2018,18.7705],[2019,18.1398],[2020,18.2696],[2021,19.4351],[2022,20.2278],[2023,19.4023],[2024,20.4428],[2025,21.0712]],"unit":"pct","value":21.0712,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":1,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":4108470000000,"year":2025},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":114,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":13.0008,"year":2024},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":1,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":2419840000000,"year":2024},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":174,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.3],[2017,-3.3],[2018,-4.2],[2019,-6],[2020,-9.6],[2021,-5.9],[2022,-7.3],[2023,-6.7],[2024,-7.1],[2025,-7.9],[2026,-8.2]],"unit":"pct","value":-8.2,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":114,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":1.49786,"year":2024},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":4343.91,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":4,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2483.9,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,11456000000000],[2017,12537600000000],[2018,14147800000000],[2019,14560200000000],[2020,14996400000000],[2021,18201700000000],[2022,18316800000000],[2023,18270400000000],[2024,18729700000000],[2025,19498000000000]],"unit":"usd","value":19498000000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":49,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,6.77369],[2017,6.89124],[2018,6.75781],[2019,6.06738],[2020,2.3395],[2021,8.57038],[2022,3.13385],[2023,5.416],[2024,4.9583],[2025,4.95995]],"unit":"pct","value":4.95995,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":73,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8254.87],[2017,8979.68],[2018,10085.7],[2019,10342.9],[2020,10627.5],[2021,12887.4],[2022,12970.6],[2023,12951.2],[2024,13293.1],[2025,13862]],"unit":"usd","value":13862,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":19,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,50],[2017,53.9],[2018,55.9],[2019,59.8],[2020,70.1],[2021,72.1],[2022,77.3],[2023,84.1],[2024,90.4],[2025,99.2],[2026,106.9]],"unit":"pct","value":106.9,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":161,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,16.9735],[2017,17.6152],[2018,18.1239],[2019,17.3146],[2020,16.0682],[2021,17.2078],[2022,17.2848],[2023,17.3368],[2024,17.5132],[2025,16.8852]],"unit":"pct","value":16.8852,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":3292280000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,198538000000],[2017,210443000000],[2018,232531000000],[2019,240333000000],[2020,257973000000],[2021,285931000000],[2022,291958000000],[2023,296821000000],[2024,313658000000]],"unit":"usd","value":313658000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":77,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.76889],[2017,1.71124],[2018,1.67358],[2019,1.68291],[2020,1.7567],[2021,1.60526],[2022,1.63053],[2023,1.66485],[2024,1.7113]],"unit":"pct","value":1.7113,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":8964.05,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":7,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2475.92,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":27,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,4.35],[2017,4.35],[2018,4.35],[2019,4.15],[2020,3.85],[2021,3.8],[2022,3.65],[2023,3.45],[2024,3.1],[2025,3],[2026,3]],"unit":"pct","value":3,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":2,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1387790000],[2017,1396220000],[2018,1402760000],[2019,1407740000],[2020,1411100000],[2021,1412360000],[2022,1412180000],[2023,1410710000],[2024,1408980000],[2025,1406580000]],"unit":"people","value":1406580000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":13,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":11.943,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":1,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3097660000000],[2017,3235680000000],[2018,3168220000000],[2019,3222890000000],[2020,3357240000000],[2021,3427930000000],[2022,3306840000000],[2023,3449540000000],[2024,3456020000000],[2025,3748740000000]],"unit":"usd","value":3748740000000,"year":2025}},"name":"China","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":14.8,"value":501221000000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":4.7,"value":157500000000},{"iso2":"KR","name":"South Korea","share":4.4,"value":148983000000},{"iso2":"VN","name":"Vietnam","share":4.1,"value":137607000000},{"iso2":"IN","name":"India","share":3.5,"value":117679000000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":41.7,"value":1408370000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":11.3,"value":381004000000},{"name":"Textiles and clothing","share":8.6,"value":290777000000},{"name":"Metals","share":7.9,"value":268110000000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":7.1,"value":241121000000}],"total":3379750000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":6.5,"value":165157000000},{"iso2":"KR","name":"South Korea","share":6.3,"value":161739000000},{"iso2":"JP","name":"Japan","share":6.3,"value":160476000000},{"iso2":"AU","name":"Australia","share":6.1,"value":155641000000},{"iso2":"RU","name":"Russia","share":5.1,"value":129206000000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":29.2,"value":745814000000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":20.2,"value":515914000000},{"name":"Minerals","share":10.1,"value":259493000000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":6.8,"value":174721000000},{"name":"Metals","share":5.6,"value":142839000000}],"total":2556760000000,"year":2023}}},{"iso2":"RU","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Mikhail Mishustin","head_of_state":"Vladimir Putin"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":4,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":1454000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":6,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1041.38,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":6,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2533.17,"year":2024},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":46,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,1.9],[2017,2],[2018,7],[2019,3.9],[2020,2.4],[2021,6.8],[2022,10.4],[2023,2.4],[2024,2.9],[2025,1.6],[2026,2.9]],"unit":"pct","value":2.9,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":115,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":-75.1375,"year":2022},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":3,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":14953.6,"year":2024},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":4,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,8057.76],[2015,7930.56],[2016,8086.06],[2017,8135.74],[2018,8432.21],[2019,8370.03],[2020,8075.71],[2021,8331.27],[2022,8626.76],[2023,8760.9],[2024,9049.15]],"unit":"twh","value":9049.15,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":140,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,25.8545],[2017,26.0909],[2018,30.7933],[2019,28.4334],[2020,25.5222],[2021,30.0024],[2022,27.7096],[2023,22.7699],[2024,21.8564],[2025,18.2031]],"unit":"pct","value":18.2031,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":21,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":466237000000,"year":2025},"ext_debt_gni":{"label":"External debt, share of national income","of":120,"plain":"Foreign debt as a share of national income. The higher it is, the more of the economy must go to paying outsiders.","rank":109,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":16.7574,"year":2022},"ext_debt_usd":{"label":"External debt stocks","of":121,"plain":"What the country owes to foreign lenders, public and private. Debt in foreign currency gets harder to pay when the home currency falls.","rank":7,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":376117000000,"year":2022},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":64,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-3.7],[2017,-1.5],[2018,2.9],[2019,1.9],[2020,-4],[2021,0.8],[2022,-1.3],[2023,-2.2],[2024,-1.6],[2025,-3.9],[2026,-2]],"unit":"pct","value":-2,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":26,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":43.1469,"year":2021},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":4770.23,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":6298.64,"year":2024},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":8,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1276790000000],[2017,1574200000000],[2018,1657330000000],[2019,1693120000000],[2020,1493080000000],[2021,1829190000000],[2022,2292500000000],[2023,2046280000000],[2024,2186460000000],[2025,2561310000000]],"unit":"usd","value":2561310000000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":161,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,0.193671],[2017,1.82671],[2018,2.80634],[2019,2.19808],[2020,-2.65365],[2021,5.86649],[2022,-1.43537],[2023,4.06661],[2024,4.92168],[2025,1.00118]],"unit":"pct","value":1.00118,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":64,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,8663.16],[2017,10658.9],[2018,11211.9],[2019,11447.7],[2020,10108.3],[2021,12425],[2022,15625.6],[2023,13987],[2024,14961.9],[2025,17546.6]],"unit":"usd","value":17546.6,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":175,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,14.8],[2017,14.3],[2018,13.6],[2019,13.7],[2020,19.2],[2021,16.5],[2022,15.1],[2023,15.2],[2024,14.8],[2025,17.2],[2026,19.1]],"unit":"pct","value":19.1,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":164,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,20.6636],[2017,20.7856],[2018,20.7876],[2019,20.7953],[2020,20.4447],[2021,20.5838],[2022,15.0567],[2023,18.5696],[2024,17.562],[2025,15.507]],"unit":"pct","value":15.507,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":24,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":397182000000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":3,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,69245300000],[2017,66913000000],[2018,61609200000],[2019,65201300000],[2020,61712500000],[2021,65907700000],[2022,102367000000],[2023,109204000000],[2024,148967000000]],"unit":"usd","value":148967000000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":5,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,5.42515],[2017,4.249],[2018,3.71982],[2019,3.86034],[2020,4.14472],[2021,3.57592],[2022,4.60729],[2023,5.40232],[2024,7.05234]],"unit":"pct","value":7.05234,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":4,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2129.1,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":2,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":6121.84,"year":2024},"policy_rate":{"label":"Central bank policy rate (end of year)","of":38,"plain":"The central bank's main interest rate at year end. Raising it fights inflation but slows the economy.","rank":4,"source":"bis","trend":[[2016,10],[2017,7.75],[2018,7.75],[2019,6.25],[2020,4.25],[2021,8.5],[2022,7.5],[2023,16],[2024,21],[2025,16],[2026,14]],"unit":"pct","value":14,"year":2026},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":9,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,145015000],[2017,145293000],[2018,145398000],[2019,145453000],[2020,145245000],[2021,144747000],[2022,144237000],[2023,143826000],[2024,143670000],[2025,143513000]],"unit":"people","value":143513000,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":2,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":16.7768,"year":2024},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":6,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,377052000000],[2017,432731000000],[2018,468645000000],[2019,555179000000],[2020,596770000000],[2021,632242000000],[2022,581710000000],[2023,597217000000],[2024,608361000000]],"unit":"usd","value":608361000000,"year":2024}},"name":"Russia","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":14,"value":68679200000},{"iso2":"NL","name":"Netherlands","share":8.6,"value":42145000000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":6,"value":29645600000},{"iso2":"TR","name":"Turkey","share":5.4,"value":26426300000},{"iso2":"BY","name":"Belarus","share":4.7,"value":23130400000}],"products":[{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":43.1,"value":212418000000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":15.5,"value":76377400000},{"name":"Metals","share":10.4,"value":51030300000},{"name":"Stone and glass","share":6.8,"value":33558200000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":5.2,"value":25708200000}],"total":492314000000,"year":2021},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"CN","name":"China","share":24.8,"value":72693000000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":9.3,"value":27350600000},{"iso2":"US","name":"United States","share":5.9,"value":17265500000},{"iso2":"BY","name":"Belarus","share":5.3,"value":15635500000},{"iso2":"KR","name":"South Korea","share":4.4,"value":12986900000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":31.1,"value":91192700000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":12.1,"value":35399200000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":11.1,"value":32615700000},{"name":"Miscellaneous","share":10.3,"value":30266100000},{"name":"Metals","share":6.9,"value":20346600000}],"total":293497000000,"year":2021}}},{"iso2":"LV","leaders":{"head_of_government":"Andris Kulbergs","head_of_state":"Edgars Rinkēvičs"},"metrics":{"armed_forces":{"label":"Armed forces personnel","of":173,"plain":"The number of people in uniform, including paramilitary forces. It is a rough gauge of manpower, not of quality.","rank":138,"source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":9000,"year":2020},"coal_cons":{"label":"Coal consumption","of":78,"rank":72,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0.14,"year":2024},"coal_prod":{"label":"Coal production","of":186,"rank":138,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"current_account_imf":{"label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"The country's net trade and income with the rest of the world, as a share of GDP. A big deficit means it relies on foreign money to pay its way.","rank":120,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,1.8],[2017,1.5],[2018,-0.4],[2019,-0.2],[2020,3],[2021,-4.1],[2022,-5.5],[2023,-3.8],[2024,-1.5],[2025,-3.4],[2026,-3.6]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.6,"year":2026},"energy_import_pct":{"label":"Net energy imports, share of use","of":141,"plain":"The share of the energy the country uses that it has to buy from abroad. A high share means a cut-off or a price spike hurts quickly.","rank":61,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":34.3077,"year":2023},"energy_production":{"label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"plain":"All the oil, gas and coal the country digs or pumps in a year, counted in terawatt-hours of energy. It shows whether the country feeds itself or depends on imports.","rank":159,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"energy_use":{"label":"Primary energy consumption","of":188,"plain":"All the energy the country consumes in a year, in terawatt-hours. Set against production, it shows how exposed the country is to supply shocks.","rank":119,"source":"owid","trend":[[2014,41.015],[2015,42.114],[2016,44.979],[2017,49.301],[2018,43.999],[2019,45.263],[2020,41.221],[2021,43.077],[2022,38.513],[2023,40.763],[2024,38.79]],"unit":"twh","value":38.79,"year":2024},"exports_pct":{"label":"Exports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":32,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,61.9284],[2017,64.14],[2018,63.8698],[2019,62.5368],[2020,62.6592],[2021,66.8113],[2022,77.5015],[2023,65.9897],[2024,64.8634],[2025,62.573]],"unit":"pct","value":62.573,"year":2025},"exports_usd":{"label":"Exports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":79,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":30422300000,"year":2025},"fiscal_balance_imf":{"label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","of":190,"plain":"How much the government spends beyond (negative) or below (positive) what it collects, as a share of GDP. Persistent deficits pile up as debt.","rank":102,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,-0.4],[2017,-0.9],[2018,-0.8],[2019,-0.4],[2020,-3.8],[2021,-5.7],[2022,-3.9],[2023,-3.4],[2024,-1.7],[2025,-4],[2026,-3.3]],"unit":"pct","value":-3.3,"year":2026},"fuel_exports_pct":{"label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","of":174,"plain":"The share of the country's goods exports that are oil, gas and coal. A high share means the budget rises and falls with energy prices.","rank":58,"source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":8.23197,"year":2025},"gas_cons":{"label":"Gas consumption","of":78,"rank":71,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":8.172,"year":2024},"gas_prod":{"label":"Gas production","of":186,"rank":145,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"gdp":{"label":"GDP","of":193,"plain":"The total value of everything the country produces in a year, in US dollars. It is the standard measure of economic size.","rank":98,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,27117100000],[2017,29391100000],[2018,33247900000],[2019,33099500000],[2020,33379900000],[2021,38183300000],[2022,38003200000],[2023,42779600000],[2024,44001300000],[2025,48618900000]],"unit":"usd","value":48618900000,"year":2025},"gdp_growth":{"label":"GDP growth","of":193,"plain":"How much the economy grew (or shrank) over the year, after removing price rises. Slow growth strains budgets and politics.","rank":130,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,2.55169],[2017,3.39895],[2018,4.30971],[2019,0.675373],[2020,-3.46923],[2021,6.94254],[2022,1.90853],[2023,-0.941606],[2024,-0.0370557],[2025,2.13787]],"unit":"pct","value":2.13787,"year":2025},"gdp_pc":{"label":"GDP per person","of":193,"plain":"GDP divided by population: roughly how much output there is per person. It says more about living standards than total size does.","rank":49,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,13838.5],[2017,15132.5],[2018,17252.2],[2019,17295],[2020,17564.2],[2021,20261.9],[2022,20221.1],[2023,22710.3],[2024,23579],[2025,26312]],"unit":"usd","value":26312,"year":2025},"gov_debt_imf":{"label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","of":187,"plain":"What the whole government owes, as a share of a year of national output. Higher means less room to borrow in a crisis.","rank":112,"source":"imf","trend":[[2016,41.7],[2017,40.3],[2018,38.3],[2019,37.9],[2020,44],[2021,45.9],[2022,44.4],[2023,44.4],[2024,46.2],[2025,46.9],[2026,47.4]],"unit":"pct","value":47.4,"year":2026},"imports_pct":{"label":"Imports, share of GDP","of":171,"rank":37,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,61.4021],[2017,64.574],[2018,64.3643],[2019,62.7548],[2020,61.224],[2021,69.9853],[2022,82.3913],[2023,69.6533],[2024,66.4462],[2025,67.1515]],"unit":"pct","value":67.1515,"year":2025},"imports_usd":{"label":"Imports of goods and services","of":171,"rank":78,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":32648300000,"year":2025},"milex":{"label":"Military spending","of":167,"plain":"What the government spends on its military in a year, in US dollars. It is the headline measure of military effort.","rank":75,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,404552000],[2017,482462000],[2018,709371000],[2019,691894000],[2020,742049000],[2021,823084000],[2022,856143000],[2023,1253800000],[2024,1425690000]],"unit":"usd","value":1425690000,"year":2024},"milex_pct":{"label":"Military spending, share of GDP","of":156,"plain":"Military spending as a share of GDP. It shows how heavily the economy is weighed toward defence, whatever its size.","rank":23,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1.50174],[2017,1.65276],[2018,2.13473],[2019,2.09017],[2020,2.2276],[2021,2.15578],[2022,2.25462],[2023,2.97017],[2024,3.25799]],"unit":"pct","value":3.25799,"year":2024},"oil_cons":{"label":"Oil consumption","of":78,"rank":75,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":18.536,"year":2024},"oil_prod":{"label":"Oil production","of":186,"rank":148,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0,"year":2016},"population":{"label":"Population","of":194,"rank":147,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,1959540],[2017,1942250],[2018,1927170],[2019,1913820],[2020,1900450],[2021,1884490],[2022,1879380],[2023,1883710],[2024,1866120],[2025,1847780]],"unit":"people","value":1847780,"year":2025},"reserves_months":{"label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","of":166,"plain":"How many months of imports the reserves would cover. Under three months is usually considered thin.","rank":127,"source":"wb","unit":"months","value":2.01704,"year":2025},"reserves_usd":{"label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","of":172,"plain":"The foreign currency and gold the central bank holds. It is the cushion for defending the currency and paying for imports in a crisis.","rank":93,"source":"wb","trend":[[2016,3511950000],[2017,4613460000],[2018,4370730000],[2019,4479620000],[2020,5289640000],[2021,5491140000],[2022,4460030000],[2023,4956650000],[2024,5140830000],[2025,6099390000]],"unit":"usd","value":6099390000,"year":2025}},"name":"Latvia","trade":{"exports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"LT","name":"Lithuania","share":18,"value":3697610000},{"iso2":"EE","name":"Estonia","share":11.5,"value":2352180000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":6.6,"value":1364940000},{"iso2":"SE","name":"Sweden","share":6,"value":1224000000},{"iso2":"RU","name":"Russia","share":6,"value":1222800000}],"products":[{"name":"Wood and paper","share":16.9,"value":3464110000},{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":16.1,"value":3299210000},{"name":"Foodstuffs","share":9.8,"value":2013320000},{"name":"Vegetable products","share":8.2,"value":1692190000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":8,"value":1647790000}],"total":20540000000,"year":2023},"imports":{"partners":[{"iso2":"LT","name":"Lithuania","share":21.7,"value":5327710000},{"iso2":"DE","name":"Germany","share":11.5,"value":2824240000},{"iso2":"PL","name":"Poland","share":10.9,"value":2672060000},{"iso2":"EE","name":"Estonia","share":8.6,"value":2122630000},{"iso2":"FI","name":"Finland","share":4.7,"value":1145890000}],"products":[{"name":"Machinery and electronics","share":18.6,"value":4574580000},{"name":"Fuels (oil, gas, coal)","share":11.9,"value":2931460000},{"name":"Vehicles and transport","share":10.4,"value":2541320000},{"name":"Chemicals","share":10,"value":2451890000},{"name":"Foodstuffs","share":9.6,"value":2353530000}],"total":24546400000,"year":2023}}}],"as_of":"2026-11-01","trackers":[]},"on_record":[{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"European Union and Canada","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_c3bbf3e9f60d","iso2":"","paraphrase":"Building on the Strategic Partnership Agreement, the EU and Canada will create an even closer association, with closer engagement at the highest political levels, regular Summits and ministerial committees, welcoming the Canadian Prime Minister's participation in the European Political Community meeting in Yerevan and looking forward to Dublin, and will work to define by the 2027 EU-Canada Summit the concept of an ever-closer association of Canada to the EU short of full membership.","quote":"ever-closer association of Canada to the EU, short of full membership itself","reported_by":"","role":"Leaders","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Creates a formal path toward quasi-membership association for Canada, the most ambitious institutional upgrade in the relationship to date.","speaker":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","stance":2,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","venue":"other"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"European Union and Canada","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_4a6dc4905ce2","iso2":"","paraphrase":"By aligning more closely economically, technologically and strategically, the EU and Canada are building an Alliance for the Future based on trust and shared values to meet current challenges and reinforce freedom, prosperity and safety.","quote":"Alliance for the Future","reported_by":"","role":"Leaders","signal":"commitment","significance":"Brands the overall upgrade as a comprehensive alliance spanning economy, technology and strategy.","speaker":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","stance":2,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","venue":"other"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"European Union and Canada","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_d78e7ed53026","iso2":"","paraphrase":"The EU and Canada will enhance cooperation on cyber security, information-sharing and supply-chain resilience, including continued exchange of cyber threat intelligence, coordinated incident response and critical infrastructure resilience, with particular attention to AI-enabled automated cyberattacks while promoting responsible AI use for detection and response, and will build joint leadership in multilateral fora by upholding the UN Framework of responsible State behaviour in cyberspace.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Leaders","signal":"commitment","significance":"Commits to deep operational cyber cooperation and joint norm-setting on AI-enabled threats under UN framework.","speaker":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","stance":2,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","venue":"other"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"European Union and Canada","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_5935a083b764","iso2":"","paraphrase":"Building on cooperation through Europol, Frontex, the EU Drugs Agency and Canadian agencies, the EU and Canada will advance the newly established internal security dialogue to improve information and intelligence sharing and operational cooperation among law enforcement, border, drugs and security agencies, are committed to timely ratification of the EU-Canada PNR data agreement, will broaden judicial cooperation through Eurojust, and will explore feasibility of enhanced immigration information sharing to facilitate travel, enhance security, prevent fraud and tackle irregular migration.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Leaders","signal":"commitment","significance":"Expands internal security integration covering policing, borders, PNR data and migration controls.","speaker":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","stance":2,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","venue":"other"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"European Union","date":"2026-10-28","id":"st_dfcc74b6f494","iso2":"EU","paraphrase":"The European Commission stated that Europe's partnership with Canada has never been stronger, built on trust, shared values and a common vision for responding to major geopolitical challenges, reinforced by a decade of trade under CETA, and that both partners want to deepen the relationship as indicated by President von der Leyen in her State of the Union Address.","quote":"Europe's partnership with Canada has never been stronger. It is built on trust, shared values and a common vision of how to respond to major geopolitical challenges.","reported_by":"","role":"Institution","signal":"reassurance","significance":"Signals EU intent to deepen strategic alignment with Canada on geopolitics and trade ahead of the 29-30 October EU-Canada Summit in Montreal.","speaker":"European Commission","stance":2,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/mex_26_2277","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Canada","Arctic"],"about_iso2":["CA"],"affiliation":"European Union","date":"2026-10-19","id":"st_92558665a824","iso2":"EU","paraphrase":"The EU's strategy centres on partnership with key Arctic allies such as Canada and other like-minded partners, with whom it wants to work more closely for a peaceful, stable, resilient and prosperous Arctic.","quote":"our strategy is about our partnership with key Arctic allies, such as Canada, and our many like-minded partners. We want to work with them more closely.","reported_by":"","role":"President of the European Commission","signal":"commitment","significance":"Publicly commits to deepening Arctic cooperation with Canada and like-minded partners as counterweight to Russian activity.","speaker":"President von der Leyen","stance":2,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2204","venue":"other"},{"about":["Europe","EU"],"about_iso2":["EU"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-22","id":"st_9538f5aa40ef","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"European countries have unleashed an all-out campaign against Russia, constantly claiming Russia poses a threat and preparing for war against Russia, which he describes as political schizophrenia.","quote":"They are now constantly talking about Russia posing a threat and launching preparations for war against Russia. I believe that this posture can be described as a form of political schizophrenia.","reported_by":"","role":"President of Russia","signal":"accusation","significance":"Accuses Europe of manufacturing a war threat narrative to justify confrontation with Russia.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":-2,"url":"http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/81071","venue":"interview"},{"about":["EU","Europe"],"about_iso2":["EU"],"affiliation":"China","date":"2026-10-20","id":"st_14d45f327786","iso2":"CN","paraphrase":"China and Europe share extensive common interests as both champion multilateralism, support UN centrality, and are ready to pursue political settlements of international and regional disputes through dialogue, and should respect each other, help each other succeed and jointly shoulder responsibility for world peace and development.","quote":"China and Europe share extensive common interests, as we both champion multilateralism, stay committed to the UN’s centrality, and remain ready to pursue political settlements of international and regional disputes through dialogue. The two sides should respect and appreciate each other, help each other succeed, and jointly shoulder the international responsibility on world peace and development.","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson","signal":"reassurance","significance":"Emphasizes normative alignment with Europe on multilateralism and UN-centered order to anchor cooperation despite trade disputes.","speaker":"Mao Ning","stance":2,"url":"https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/lxjzh/202610/t20261020_12043752.html","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"European Union and Canada","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_076cd0ffa759","iso2":"","paraphrase":"The EU and Canada will support work toward connecting instant payment systems to facilitate faster, lower-cost cross-border transactions, and will support procurement of purpose-built firefighting aircraft and equipment made in the EU and in Canada, noting the upcoming delivery of 24 DHC-515 water bombers to EU Member States.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Leaders","signal":"commitment","significance":"Links financial infrastructure integration and joint industrial procurement to economic security.","speaker":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","stance":2,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","venue":"other"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"Latvia","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_fcb689b577c3","iso2":"LV","paraphrase":"A political agreement on the Digital Trade Agreement was announced in Montreal during the 21st EU-Canada summit on 30 October 2026, marking a significant step towards deepening economic relations between the EU and Canada and strengthening digital cooperation.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Formalizes new EU-Canada digital trade track as deepening of overall economic relationship.","speaker":"Latvia Ministry of Foreign Affairs","stance":2,"url":"https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/article/eu-and-canada-agree-digital-trade-agreement","venue":"other"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"Latvia","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_0ba3731f4906","iso2":"LV","paraphrase":"The Digital Trade Agreement will strengthen the strategic partnership between the EU and Canada, reaffirming both parties' commitment to promoting open, fair and rules-based digital trade.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Ministry of Foreign Affairs","signal":"commitment","significance":"Frames digital deal as strategic alignment on rules-based trade order, not just technical update.","speaker":"Latvia Ministry of Foreign Affairs","stance":2,"url":"https://www.mfa.gov.lv/en/article/eu-and-canada-agree-digital-trade-agreement","venue":"other"},{"about":["Russia","EU","Europe"],"about_iso2":["RU","EU"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-24","id":"st_661204e18735","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"Moscow has repeatedly stated its readiness to hold negotiations with European countries on the security framework on the continent, taking into account the interests of both sides","quote":"","reported_by":"TASS","role":"Russian authorities","signal":"offer","significance":"Reiterates Russian offer to negotiate a continent-wide security framework with Europe on mutual-interest basis.","speaker":"Moscow","stance":1,"url":"https://tass.com/world/2207245","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["Europe","EU"],"about_iso2":["EU"],"affiliation":"Russia","date":"2026-10-22","id":"st_91236a230c79","iso2":"RU","paraphrase":"The people of Europe do not want to fight Russia, and Russia likewise does not want war with Europe and is not preparing for any war against Europe.","quote":"We do not want it either, and we are not preparing for any kind of war against Europe.","reported_by":"","role":"President of Russia","signal":"reassurance","significance":"Direct reassurance aimed at European publics to counter war-preparation narratives.","speaker":"Vladimir Putin","stance":1,"url":"http://en.kremlin.ru/events/president/transcripts/81071","venue":"interview"},{"about":["EU","Europe"],"about_iso2":["EU"],"affiliation":"China","date":"2026-10-20","id":"st_6f73d2476cb0","iso2":"CN","paraphrase":"China's foreign policy is based on partnership and dialogue rather than alliance and confrontation, and state-to-state relations, regional cooperation and China-EU relations can proceed in parallel and are fully compatible.","quote":"China’s foreign policy is featured by partnership and dialogue rather than alliance and confrontation. Underpinned by partnership, state-to-state relations, regional cooperation and China-EU relations can proceed in parallel and are fully compatible.","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson","signal":"policy_announcement","significance":"Frames China-EU ties as compatible with other partnerships and explicitly rejects alliance/confrontation model, reassuring Europe amid trade friction.","speaker":"Mao Ning","stance":1,"url":"https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/lxjzh/202610/t20261020_12043752.html","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["EU","Europe"],"about_iso2":["EU"],"affiliation":"China","date":"2026-10-20","id":"st_ea592e1796e8","iso2":"CN","paraphrase":"The overall China-EU relationship is sound and stable, and disagreements on trade issues arising from growing cooperation can be resolved through dialogue and should not affect overall relations.","quote":"The overall China-EU relationship is sound and stable. The disagreements on trade issues in the course of our growing cooperation can be resolved through dialogue, and should not affect our overall relations.","reported_by":"","role":"Foreign Ministry Spokesperson","signal":"reassurance","significance":"Seeks to compartmentalize trade friction from broader China-EU relationship and sets dialogue as the mechanism for resolution.","speaker":"Mao Ning","stance":1,"url":"https://www.mfa.gov.cn/eng/xw/fyrbt/lxjzh/202610/t20261020_12043752.html","venue":"press_conference"},{"about":["EU","Canada"],"about_iso2":["EU","CA"],"affiliation":"European Union and Canada","date":"2026-10-30","id":"st_157dd88ed5cf","iso2":"","paraphrase":"The EU and Canada will strengthen cooperation on maritime security and safety, protection and resilience of critical maritime and undersea infrastructure, improving shipbuilding and manufacturing capacity for high-latitude fleets, and supporting search and rescue readiness.","quote":"","reported_by":"","role":"Leaders","signal":"commitment","significance":"Signals joint focus on undersea infrastructure protection and Arctic/high-latitude capabilities.","speaker":"Leaders of the European Union and Canada","stance":1,"url":"https://ec.europa.eu/commission/presscorner/detail/en/statement_26_2313","venue":"other"}],"outlook":"Negotiations on the scope of 'ever-closer association' are likely to proceed on the March ministerial to June European Council timetable toward a 2027 summit definition, given the joint commitment and concrete programme linkages already announced. Progress will likely depend on whether member-state concerns about legal status and consultation that blocked the 'associate member' term can be resolved without reopening the treaty question. U.S. reaction remains a watch factor, with prior warnings about tariffs if the tie harms U.S. interests.","pulses":[],"saga":"The European Union and Canada have been close economic and political partners for decades, anchored since 2016-2017 by the Comprehensive Economic and Trade Agreement that removed most tariffs. Canada cannot join the EU because EU treaties limit membership to European states, so leaders have explored a bespoke partnership that is closer than a normal third-country tie but short of full membership.","since_yesterday":[],"spotlight":true,"temperature":{"coverage":"","heat":0,"prior_share":0,"recent_share":0,"trend":""},"theater_id":"thr_spot_eu_canada_association_without_accession","watch_next":["March 2027 meeting of Canadian cabinet ministers and European commissioners on substance/scale/scope","June 2027 European Council attendance by Carney and whether negotiations conclude as planned","Publication of detailed work programme for Alliance for the Future ahead of 2027 EU-Canada summit","EU member-state consultations and any U.S. trade policy response"]}],"url":"/geopolitics/2026-11-01","visuals_run":{"none_because":"","planned":3,"produced":2,"skipped":["thr_russia_ukraine_war_and_european_security_archite/mapstory: mapstory refused: 0 features on the map, need 1 to 40; title or caption carries numbers not in the facts (72)"],"trimmed":["thr_us_iran_houthi_confrontation_over_hormuz_and_red/flow: flow 'bypass' dropped: 'Iran' is not named by its facts"]},"watch":[{"last_novel":"2026-10-26","name":"Sudan civil war","new_items":0,"note":"No new developments since 2026-10-26.","reason":"nothing_new","since":"2026-10-26","theater_id":"thr_sudan_civil_war_and_us_visa_leverage"}],"cite_as":"https://ohmega.monster/geopolitics/2026-11-01","api_url":"https://ohmega.monster/api/v1/daily/geopolitics/2026-11-01"},"meta":{"as_of":"2026-11-01T06:31:37.810950+00:00","source":"ohmega.daily/1","version":"v1","cite_as":"https://ohmega.monster/geopolitics/2026-11-01","license":"Ohmega claims, summaries, grades, Pulses and forecasts may be quoted with a link to cite_as. Source texts belong to their publishers; follow the source URLs. No warranty: readings are our assessment as of as_of, not guarantees.","note":"Each development carries verification: 'researched' (our research established it) or 'reported' (another outlet reported it; a lead, not a finding)."}}