{"data":{"id":"ES","capital":"Madrid","credits":[{"licence":"IMF open data, attribution","name":"IMF World Economic Outlook (DataMapper)","source":"imf","url":"https://www.imf.org/external/datamapper","years":"2026"},{"licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"Our World in Data energy dataset (Energy Institute, Ember, EIA)","source":"owid","url":"https://ourworldindata.org/energy","years":"2016-2025"},{"licence":"CC BY 4.0","name":"World Bank World Development Indicators (military figures: SIPRI)","source":"wb","url":"https://data.worldbank.org/","years":"2020-2025"},{"licence":"CC0","name":"Wikidata (heads of state and government)","source":"wikidata","url":"https://www.wikidata.org/","years":""}],"data_as_of":"2026-10-05","data_url":"/data/actors/ES.json","energy_role":{"deficit":["oil","gas","coal"],"surplus":[]},"groups":{"economy":[{"group":"economy","id":"gdp","label":"GDP","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":1906453309985.88,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"gdp_ppp","label":"GDP (purchasing power)","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":2954778621729.59,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"gdp_pc","label":"GDP per person","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":38627.2472148623,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"gdp_pc_ppp","label":"GDP per person (purchasing power)","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":59867.6944716701,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"gdp_growth","label":"GDP growth","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":2.82495400578509,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"inflation","label":"Inflation","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":2.699932857627,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"gov_debt","label":"Central government debt, share of GDP","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":105.639074777338,"year":2024},{"group":"economy","id":"gdp_growth_imf","label":"GDP growth, IMF estimate/forecast","source":"imf","unit":"pct","value":2.1,"year":2026},{"group":"economy","id":"gov_debt_imf","label":"General government gross debt, share of GDP (IMF)","source":"imf","unit":"pct","value":98.2,"year":2026},{"group":"economy","id":"fiscal_balance_imf","label":"Government net lending/borrowing, share of GDP (IMF)","source":"imf","unit":"pct","value":-2.1,"year":2026},{"group":"economy","id":"current_account_imf","label":"Current account balance, share of GDP (IMF)","source":"imf","unit":"pct","value":2.2,"year":2026},{"group":"economy","id":"reserves_usd","label":"Foreign reserves (incl. gold)","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":128593472896.352,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"reserves_months","label":"Foreign reserves, months of imports","source":"wb","unit":"months","value":2.01778146515219,"year":2025}],"energy":[{"group":"energy","id":"energy_production","label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2.491,"year":2024},{"group":"energy","id":"energy_use","label":"Primary energy consumption","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1624.246,"year":2024},{"group":"energy","id":"energy_pc","label":"Energy use per person","source":"owid","unit":"kwh","value":33901.656,"year":2024},{"group":"energy","id":"oil_prod","label":"Oil production","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":1.655,"year":2016},{"group":"energy","id":"gas_prod","label":"Gas production","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0.61,"year":2016},{"group":"energy","id":"coal_prod","label":"Coal production","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":0.226,"year":2024},{"group":"energy","id":"oil_cons","label":"Oil consumption","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":740.844,"year":2024},{"group":"energy","id":"gas_cons","label":"Gas consumption","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":283.629,"year":2024},{"group":"energy","id":"coal_cons","label":"Coal consumption","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":27.41,"year":2024},{"group":"energy","id":"elec_gen","label":"Electricity generation","source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":287.89,"year":2025},{"group":"energy","id":"elec_fossil","label":"Electricity from fossil fuels","source":"owid","unit":"pct","value":25.36,"year":2025},{"group":"energy","id":"elec_nuclear","label":"Electricity from nuclear","source":"owid","unit":"pct","value":18.781,"year":2025},{"group":"energy","id":"elec_renew","label":"Electricity from renewables","source":"owid","unit":"pct","value":55.858,"year":2025},{"group":"energy","id":"energy_import_pct","label":"Net energy imports, share of use","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":76.9846775136602,"year":2023}],"military":[{"group":"military","id":"milex","label":"Military spending","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":24615397928.7413,"year":2024},{"group":"military","id":"milex_pct","label":"Military spending, share of GDP","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":1.43210737406914,"year":2024},{"group":"military","id":"armed_forces","label":"Armed forces personnel","source":"wb","unit":"persons","value":199000,"year":2020},{"group":"military","id":"arms_imports","label":"Arms imports (SIPRI trend-indicator value, 1990 US$)","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":148000000,"year":2024},{"group":"military","id":"arms_exports","label":"Arms exports (SIPRI trend-indicator value, 1990 US$)","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":639000000,"year":2024}],"people":[{"group":"people","id":"population","label":"Population","source":"wb","unit":"people","value":49355143,"year":2025},{"group":"people","id":"pop_growth","label":"Population growth","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":1.03113431966787,"year":2025},{"group":"people","id":"urban_pct","label":"Urban population","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":80.5149251039138,"year":2025},{"group":"people","id":"land_area","label":"Land area","source":"wb","unit":"km2","value":499697.4,"year":2023}],"trade":[{"group":"trade","id":"exports_pct","label":"Exports, share of GDP","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":36.6374813887545,"year":2025},{"group":"trade","id":"imports_pct","label":"Imports, share of GDP","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":32.8133446186236,"year":2025},{"group":"trade","id":"fuel_exports_pct","label":"Fuels, share of goods exports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":5.79530570621524,"year":2024},{"group":"trade","id":"exports_usd","label":"Exports of goods and services","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":698476476631.372,"year":2025},{"group":"trade","id":"imports_usd","label":"Imports of goods and services","source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":625571094598.823,"year":2025},{"group":"trade","id":"food_exports_pct","label":"Food, share of goods exports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":18.6458863788043,"year":2024},{"group":"trade","id":"metal_exports_pct","label":"Ores and metals, share of goods exports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":3.42743394375482,"year":2024},{"group":"trade","id":"manuf_exports_pct","label":"Manufactures, share of goods exports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":65.1730986933811,"year":2024},{"group":"trade","id":"fuel_imports_pct","label":"Fuels, share of goods imports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":13.3866076386068,"year":2024},{"group":"trade","id":"food_imports_pct","label":"Food, share of goods imports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":12.4601599531457,"year":2024},{"group":"trade","id":"metal_imports_pct","label":"Ores and metals, share of goods imports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":3.56143741980894,"year":2024},{"group":"trade","id":"manuf_imports_pct","label":"Manufactures, share of goods imports","source":"wb","unit":"pct","value":65.3364040965348,"year":2024}]},"headline":[{"group":"people","id":"population","label":"Population","of":194,"percentile":83,"rank":32,"source":"wb","unit":"people","value":49355143,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"gdp","label":"GDP","of":193,"percentile":93,"rank":12,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":1906453309985.88,"year":2025},{"group":"economy","id":"gdp_pc","label":"GDP per person","of":193,"percentile":83,"rank":31,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":38627.2472148623,"year":2025},{"group":"energy","id":"energy_production","label":"Fossil fuel production (oil + gas + coal)","of":186,"percentile":43,"rank":106,"source":"owid","unit":"twh","value":2.491,"year":2024},{"group":"military","id":"milex","label":"Military spending","of":167,"percentile":89,"rank":18,"source":"wb","unit":"usd","value":24615397928.7413,"year":2024}],"involved":{"pulses":[],"theaters":[]},"iso2":"ES","iso3":"ESP","kind":"state","leadership":{"as_of":"2026-10-05","head_of_government":{"name":"Pedro Sánchez","since":"2018-06-02"},"head_of_state":{"name":"Felipe VI of Spain","since":"2014-06-19"},"nuclear":null},"name":"Spain","region":"Europe & Central Asia","schema":"ohmega.actor/1","statements":[{"date":"2026-10-13","id":"st_cd21ebba01b7","is_quote":true,"role":"Delegate","signal":"demand","source_url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gaef3625.doc.htm","speaker":"Delegate of Spain","stance":0,"text":"a precautionary pause or moratorium with respect to deep-sea mining until there is a solid regulatory framework that guarantees effective protection of marine ecosystems"},{"date":"2026-10-13","id":"st_6b7c8f7d6a27","is_quote":true,"role":"Delegate","signal":"reassurance","source_url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gadis3768.doc.htm","speaker":"Delegate of Spain","stance":1,"text":"Let’s stay away from defeatist rhetoric,"},{"date":"2026-10-09","id":"st_e3bc59417e90","is_quote":false,"role":"Delegate to the UN","signal":"accusation","source_url":"https://press.un.org/en/2026/gaspd838.doc.htm","speaker":"Delegate of Spain","stance":-1,"text":"Said Spain is the victim of a historical anachronism, that Gibraltar was militarily occupied by the United Kingdom during the War of the Spanish Succession, that the UK later extended control into the isthmus and built a military airfield extending into Spanish territorial waters thus occupying Spanish land, sea and airspace, cited Assembly resolutions calling for decolonization of Gibraltar, and said Spain remains open to dialogue."}],"url":"/intel/actors/ES","cite_as":"https://ohmega.monster/intel/actors/ES","api_url":"https://ohmega.monster/api/v1/actors/ES"},"meta":{"as_of":"2026-10-05","source":"ohmega.actor/1","version":"v1","cite_as":"https://ohmega.monster/intel/actors/ES","license":"Ohmega claims, summaries, grades, Pulses and forecasts may be quoted with a link to cite_as. Source texts belong to their publishers; follow the source URLs. No warranty: readings are our assessment as of as_of, not guarantees.","note":"Figures carry their own year and source; credits[] lists licences."}}